Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Thermoplastic Elastomer thiab Nws Siv Hauv Kev Lag Luam Tsheb
Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) yog ib yam khoom siv polymer uas muab ob yam khoom sib txawv uas zoo li tsis sib xws: nws yog elastic zoo li roj hmab, tab sis rov ua dua zoo li thermoplastic yas. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv no, TPE tau dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev lag luam tsheb, uas xav tau cov khoom siv sib dua, ruaj khov, xis nyob, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom dav dav rau TPE thiab nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv cov tsheb niaj hnub.
Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, TPE yog "roj hmab thermoplastic." Txawm hais tias cov roj hmab ib txwm muaj (roj hmab thermoset) xav tau cov txheej txheem vulcanization thiab nyuaj rau rov ua dua tshiab, TPE tuaj yeem yaj, pwm, thiab tom qab ntawd txias dua yam tsis poob nws cov khoom. TPE cov qauv feem ntau muaj ob theem tseem ceeb:
1. Cov ntu tawv: muab lub zog, tiv taus cua sov, thiab ruaj khov.
2. Cov ntu mos: muab kev ywj pheej, kev ywj pheej, thiab lub peev xwm "rov qab mus rau nws cov duab qub".
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob ntu no tsim cov khoom siv uas yoog tau, tseem muaj zog thiab yooj yim rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov tshuab yas txheem.
Cov Hom TPE Feem Ntau
Hauv kev lag luam, lo lus TPE suav nrog ntau tsev neeg cov khoom siv, suav nrog:
– TPE-S (SBC: Styrenic Block Copolymer xws li SBS, SEBS): feem ntau siv rau cov khoom sab hauv, cov tuav, thiab cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev kov mos mos.
- TPO (Thermoplastic Olefin, PP/EPDM sib xyaw): nrov rau cov bumpers, trim, thiab cov khoom sab nraud.
– TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): zoo dua hauv kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab lub zog tensile, tsim rau cov hoses, cable protectors, thiab cov khoom uas tiv taus kev sib txhuam.
– TPV (Thermoplastic Vulcanizate xws li dynamic vulcanized PP/EPDM): muab cov khoom ze rau cov roj hmab vulcanized tab sis tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav thermoplastic, tsim nyog rau cov foob thiab cov ntaub thaiv huab cua.
– COPE/Hytrel (Copolyester Elastomer) thiab PEBA (Polyether Block Amide): siv rau cov ntawv thov ua haujlwm siab uas xav tau kev ywj pheej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias heev.
Qhov kev xaiv hom TPE yuav nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj khoom siv kho tshuab yog dab tsi, qhov kub ua haujlwm, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg, tus nqi, thiab txoj kev ua haujlwm.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom TPE: Los ntawm Resin mus rau Kev Npaj Txhij Ntau Lawm
Feem ntau, "TPE manufacturing" tuaj yeem hais txog ob yam: (1) kev tsim cov polymer, lossis (2) kev sib xyaw / sib tov thiab pelletizing ntawm cov polymer kom ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom tiav. Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog rau TPE kom tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim cov resin / compounder hauv daim ntawv pellet, tom qab ntawd ua tiav los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom rau hauv cov khoom tiav.
1. Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Raw
Cov theem pib yog txiav txim siab cov polymer puag (piv txwv li PP, EPDM, SEBS, TPU prepolymer), nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv xws li:
– Cov roj ua yas/roj ua khoom (ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej thiab "kov mos mos")
- Cov khoom siv ntxiv (talc, silica, carbon black) rau qhov tawv, qhov ruaj khov, lossis tus nqi
- Stabilizer (antioxidant, UV stabilizer) kom nws tiv taus cua sov thiab tshav ntuj
- Xim masterbatch / pigment rau xim
- Tiv thaiv hluav taws (yog tias xav tau rau qee cov qauv)
- Tus neeg sawv cev sib xws / tus neeg sawv cev txuas kom cov theem polymer sib xyaw zoo dua
Cov mis no yog txiav txim siab raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm tsheb xws li kev tiv taus cua sov, tsw qab tsawg / VOC, tiv taus huab cua, thiab tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg (roj, roj, kua ntxuav).
2. Kev Sib Tov (Kev Sib Xyaws) hauv Extruder
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw TPE yog kev sib tov cov polymers, cov khoom ntxiv, thiab cov khoom sau hauv qab kev tswj hwm siv lub tshuab extruder twin-screw. Lub tshuab no muaj peev xwm siv cov zog shear siab kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov txheej txheem dav dav:
1. Kev Pub Noj: cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv lub hopper gravimetrically kom ntseeg tau tias muaj pes tsawg leeg meej.
2. Yaj thiab sib tov: cov khoom siv raug cua sov ze rau qhov chaw yaj ntawm cov thermoplastic polymer kom nws dhau los ua "yaj" uas tuaj yeem sib tov.
3. Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev tawg: cov khoom sau thiab cov xim raug tawg kom lawv tsis txhob sib sau ua ke.
4. Tshem tawm cov pa roj/cua: tshem tawm cov pa dej, cov dej noo, lossis cov khoom uas yaj tau kom txo tau qhov porosity thiab tsw ntxhiab.
Rau qee hom xws li TPV, muaj ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb hu ua dynamic vulcanization.
3. Cov Txheej Txheem Tshwj Xeeb: Dynamic Vulcanization ntawm TPV
TPV yog ua los ntawm kev sib tov ib qho elastomer (piv txwv li, EPDM) thiab ib qho thermoplastic (piv txwv li, PP) thaum vulcanizing lub elastomer "dynamically" hauv lub extruder. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias EPDM dhau los ntawm kev sib txuas thaum lub sijhawm sib tov, ua rau cov roj hmab vulcanized tawg zoo hauv PP matrix. Qhov tshwm sim: cov khoom ze rau cov roj hmab vulcanized (zoo rau kev kaw), thaum tseem rov ua dua zoo li thermoplastic.
Kauj ruam no yuav tsum tau kev tswj hwm nruj heev:
- hom thiab koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj kho
- qhov kub ntawm thaj chaw extruder
- lub sijhawm nyob
- tus nqi txiav kom tawg cov roj hmab ua cov khoom me me
4. Pelletizing: Tsim cov Pellets
Tom qab tawm hauv lub extruder die, cov TPE uas yaj lawm raug tsim ua cov xov, tom qab ntawd txias (hauv lub dab dej) thiab txiav ua pellets. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog pelletizing hauv dej rau kev tsim khoom loj lossis rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Cov pellets ces qhuav (yog tias tsim nyog), ntim, thiab xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom siv tsheb.
5. Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom: Txhaj Tshuaj Molding, Extrusion, Tshuab Molding
Hauv lub Hoobkas ua cov khoom siv, TPE pellets raug ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom tiav siv cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: rau cov khoom ua kom raug xws li cov gaskets me me, khau looj plab hlaub, cov ntxig rau ntawm lub bumper, cov pob qhov rooj, cov npog, thiab cov khoom sab hauv.
- Extrusion: rau cov profile ntev xws li cov ntaub thaiv qhov rooj, cov iav foob, lossis cov khoom dai.
- Tshuab pwm: rau qee yam khoom xws li cov kav dej lossis cov tiv thaiv yooj ywm.
– Kev txhaj tshuaj overmolding/2K molding: TPE raug txhaj rau saum cov yas tawv (piv txwv li PP/ABS) los muab qhov chaw tuav lossis kaw rau ntawm ib feem.
Qhov zoo ntawm TPE ntawm no yog cov voj voog tsim khoom sai, cov khoom seem tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, thiab nws tso cai rau kev tsim qauv ergonomic.
Kev Ntsuas Zoo thiab Cov Qauv ntawm Tsheb
Cov khoom siv hauv tsheb muaj kev nruj heev rau qhov zoo. TPE feem ntau raug kuaj xyuas rau:
- Hardness (Shore A / D) raws li qhov yuav tsum tau elasticity
- Lub zog tensile thiab elongation (lub zog tensile thiab kev tawg ntawm cov khoom)
- Cov txheej txheem nias (muaj peev xwm rov qab los tom qab raug nias, tseem ceeb rau kev sib khi)
- Kev kuaj kev laus ntawm qhov kub siab thiab UV / ozone raug
- Kev tiv thaiv tshuaj rau roj, roj, roj, thiab coolant
- Kev ua kom pos huab/VOC rau sab hauv (tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj ntxhiab thiab dej noo ntawm iav)
- Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev thiab kev hloov pauv
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tsum tau hloov kho cov mis lossis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yuav tsum tau kho.
Kev siv TPE hauv kev lag luam tsheb
TPE siv dav vim nws txhawb nqa cov qauv tsheb: sib dua, ntsiag to dua, xis dua, thiab txuag hluav taws xob ntau dua.
1. Weatherstrip thiab foob
Feem ntau siv rau: cov qhov rooj kaw, cov qhov rai kaw, cov qhov rooj kaw, thiab cov gaskets. TPE/TPV zoo heev hauv kev ywj pheej, tiv taus huab cua, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam, ua kom ruaj khov mus ntev.
2. Cov Khoom Sab Hauv (Kov Mos)
TPE-S lossis TPU feem ntau siv rau:
- kov nto, khawm, pob qhov rooj
- kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv
- txheej tiv thaiv kev plam ntawm lub khob tuav lossis console
Qhov zoo yog kev xis nyob, kev zoo nkauj, thiab lub peev xwm los ua kom zoo dua nrog cov yas tawv.
3. Cov Khoom Rau Tsheb Thauj Khoom, Cov Khoom Sab Nraud, thiab Cov Khoom Tiv Thaiv
TPO siv dav rau cov bumpers thiab trim vim nws tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, tiv taus huab cua, thiab qhov hnyav sib piv. Cov khoom no kuj yooj yim rau pleev xim lossis ua tiav, nyob ntawm cov mis.
4. Cov Khoom Tiv Thaiv Cable, Khau looj, thiab Cov Hose Uas Yooj Yim
TPU thiab qee cov TPE kev siv tshuab yog siv rau:
- Kev tiv thaiv cable (xov hlau / cable jacketing)
- CV pob qij txha khau raj thiab lub hau npog plua plav
- cov kav dej cua uas yoog tau
Cov khoom uas xav tau yog kev tiv taus kev sib txhuam, kev tiv taus kua muag, kev ywj pheej ntawm qhov kub qis, thiab kev tiv taus roj/roj.
5. NVH (Suab nrov, Kev co, Kev nruj)
TPE tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ib qho khoom tiv thaiv kev co thiab suab nrov, piv txwv li hauv cov grommets, qee cov bushings, lossis cov txheej tiv thaiv kev co. Qhov no pab txhim kho kev nplij siab hauv chav tsev thiab kev caij tsheb zoo.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm TPE piv rau cov roj hmab ib txwm muaj
Qee qhov laj thawj vim li cas TPE thiaj siv dav dua:
- Cov txheej txheem sai dua (tsis muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntev zoo li roj hmab thermoset)
- Siv tau dua tshiab (cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem siv dua)
- Tsim qauv yooj yim (yooj yim overmolding thiab ntau yam khoom siv sib xyaw)
- Lub zog hnyav tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua yog li pab txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb.
- Kev sib xws zoo yog qhov yooj yim dua los tswj hwm hauv cov txheej txheem thermoplastic niaj hnub no
Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Lus Qhia ntawm Kev Txhim Kho
Txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov zoo, TPE kuj muaj cov teeb meem: nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qee qhov kub heev dua li cov roj hmab tshwj xeeb, qee cov qauv muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua rau kev nkag mus rau hauv qab lub sijhawm ntev, thiab tus nqi ntawm TPU lossis kev siv TPE tuaj yeem siab. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tab tom tsim kho hauv cov hauv qab no:
- TPE qis VOC rau sab hauv
- ib daim mis uas tiv taus cua sov thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntau dua
- siv cov khoom siv bio-based los yog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab rau kev ruaj khov
- kev sib raug zoo dua rau kev siv ntau yam khoom siv dua tshiab
Kev kaw
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom rau Thermoplastic Elastomer yas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv, sib xyaw siv lub tshuab extruder, pelletizing, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim ua cov khoom los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding lossis extrusion. Nrog cov khoom elastic zoo li roj hmab tab sis yooj yim rau kev ua tiav zoo li thermoplastics, TPE tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tsheb - los ntawm cov foob, cov ntaub thaiv huab cua, cov khoom siv sab hauv mos, cov khoom tiv thaiv cable, mus rau cov khoom siv vibration-damping. Raws li qhov xav tau rau cov tsheb sib dua, xis dua, thiab cov tsheb zoo rau ib puag ncig nce ntxiv, TPE lub luag haujlwm yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv kev tsim tsheb niaj hnub thiab kev tsim khoom.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no kom muaj kev txawj ntse ntau dua (piv txwv li ntxiv cov txheej txheem kub, TPV / TPO cov piv txwv kev tsim khoom, lossis cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb) lossis nrov dua rau tus nyeem ntawv dav dav.
