Hom yas siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuab thiab lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
Yas tsis yog ib yam khoom siv uas siv tau ib zaug xwb lawm. Hauv ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom, yas—tshwj xeeb yog cov yas tsim khoom—yog siv dav ua cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tshuab vim nws tsis hnyav, tiv taus xeb, muaj peev xwm txo qhov kev co, thiab muaj qhov sib txhuam tsawg. Hauv qee qhov kev siv, yas tuaj yeem hloov hlau kom txo cov nqi, ua kom yooj yim sib dhos, thiab ua kom lub zog siv tau zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, kev xaiv hom yas yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim txhua lub polymer muaj cov khoom siv sib txawv, thermal, thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov hom yas uas feem ntau siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tshuab thiab lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Vim li cas cov yas thiaj siv rau cov khoom siv tshuab?
Feem ntau, cov yas engineering raug xaiv rau cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no: (1) lub teeb yuag, yog li txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom txav mus los, (2) xeb thiab tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, haum rau cov chaw noo noo lossis raug kua, (3) muaj cov yam ntxwv "self-lubricating" hauv qee hom, yog li txo qhov xav tau lubrication, (4) kev co thiab suab nrov damping zoo dua li cov hlau, thiab (5) lawv cov txheej txheem tsim tso cai rau cov geometries nyuaj ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yas kuj muaj cov kev txwv xws li kev tiv taus cua sov sib txawv, muaj peev xwm creep (deformation tas mus li vim yog cov khoom thauj ntev), thiab kev hloov pauv qhov ntev vim yog kev nqus dej noo hauv qee hom.
1) Nylon (PA6 thiab PA66)
Cov yam ntxwv: Nylon (polyamide) yog ib qho ntawm cov yas engineering nrov tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv tshuab. PA6 thiab PA66 muaj lub zog tensile zoo, hnav tsis kam, thiab tawv heev. Nylon feem ntau siv rau cov iav, bushings, rollers, pulleys, thiab lwm yam khoom sib txhuam.
Qhov Zoo: Tiv taus kev sib txhuam thiab kev puas tsuaj, yooj yim rau kev ua tiav, tus nqi nruab nrab.
Qhov Tsis Zoo: Nqus dej (hygroscopic) yog li nws tuaj yeem nthuav dav thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom: Feem ntau nylon yog ua los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding rau cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxaws heev (cov iav, cov tsev me me). Rau cov pas nrig lossis cov phaj uas tom qab ntawd raug tshuab, nylon kuj muaj los ntawm kev extrusion rau hauv cov pas nrig lossis cov ntawv.
2) POM / Acetal (Polyoxymethylene)
Cov yam ntxwv: POM paub txog nws qhov ruaj khov, tsis muaj kev sib txhuam, thiab tsis qaug zog zoo. Nws yog ib qho uas pom ntau hauv cov txheej txheem precision xws li cov iav me me, cams, cov yas bearings, thiab cov khoom swb.
Qhov Zoo: Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev (zoo dua li nylon hauv cov av noo), nto du, yooj yim rau tshuab, zoo tiv taus kev hnav.
Qhov Tsis Zoo: Tsis tshua muaj zog tiv taus UV thiab qee yam tshuaj lom neeg; yuav tsum tau tswj cov txheej txheem vim nws tuaj yeem lwj thaum kub siab.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom: POM feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding rau kev tsim khoom loj. Rau cov qauv lossis cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv POM extruded rod/sheet tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab lathe/milling.
3) PTFE (Teflon)
Cov yam ntxwv: PTFE ua tau zoo heev hauv kev tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg thiab kub, thiab muaj qhov sib txhuam qis heev. Nws yog siv rau cov foob, gaskets, washers, slide pads, thiab cov khoom uas xav tau cov khoom tsis lo.
Qhov Zoo: Kev sib txhuam qis tshaj plaws ntawm ntau cov polymers, tiv taus yuav luag txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg, tiv taus cua sov siab.
Qhov tsis zoo: lub zog thiab kev nruj ntawm lub cev tsis tshua muaj zog, thiab yooj yim nkag mus.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom: PTFE feem ntau tsis siv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj molding vim nws cov viscosity siab. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog compression molding ua raws li sintering. Rau qee cov duab ntawm cov khoom, ram extrusion ua raws li kev ua tiav machining kuj siv.
4) UHMWPE (Polyethylene Uas Muaj Molecular Weight Loj Heev)
Cov yam ntxwv: UHMWPE paub txog nws txoj kev tiv taus kev hnav siab thiab kev sib txhuam tsawg. Nws yog siv dav hauv cov ntaiv, cov lus qhia, cov ntaub thaiv, cov chutes, qee cov sprockets, thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv uas raug kev sib txhuam tas mus li.
Qhov Zoo: Kev tiv taus kev sib txhuam siab heev, kev cuam tshuam tsis kam, kev sib txhuam tsawg, tsim nyog rau kev siv swb.
Qhov Tsis Zoo: Nyuaj rau nplaum, qhov tawv tsis siab npaum li POM/PA, thiab qhov ua kom raug yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.
Txoj kev tsim khoom: Feem ntau ua los ntawm kev nias molding lossis ram extrusion rau hauv cov ntawv / pas nrig, tom qab ntawd ua tiav ntxiv los ntawm kev siv tshuab (CNC, tshuab dhos, milling) kom ua tiav cov duab kawg.
5) Polycarbonate (PC)
Cov yam ntxwv: PC muaj lub zog cuam tshuam zoo heev thiab tiv taus cua sov. Hauv cov khoom siv tshuab, PC siv rau hauv cov ntaub thaiv kev nyab xeeb, cov ntaub thaiv pob tshab, qee lub tsev, thiab cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam.
Qhov Zoo: Pob tshab, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam siab heev, ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab.
Qhov Tsis Zoo: Yooj yim rau khawb thiab qee cov kuab tshuaj; xav tau kev tsim qauv zoo kom tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm kev ntxhov siab.
Txoj kev tsim khoom: Feem ntau yog los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding rau cov duab nyuaj thiab extrusion rau cov ntawv pob tshab uas tom qab ntawd txiav thiab tsim (thermoforming) rau hauv cov tshuab tiv thaiv.
6) ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
Cov yam ntxwv: ABS siv dav rau cov tsev, cov npog, cov pob qhov rooj, thiab cov khoom tsis yog qauv rau cov khoom ib nrab hauv cov tshuab. Cov khoom siv no nrov vim nws yooj yim rau kev ua thiab muaj kev tawv zoo.
Qhov Zoo: Yooj yim txhaj tshuaj molding, zoo nto tiav, tus nqi qis dua.
Qhov Tsis Zoo: Kev tiv taus cua sov thiab tshuaj lom neeg qis dua qee lwm cov yas engineering; tsis haum rau qhov kub siab lossis kev sib txhuam hnyav.
Txoj kev tsim khoom: Yuav luag txhua zaus los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding. ABS kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm 3D printing (FDM) rau prototypes lossis cov jigs yooj yim.
7) PBT thiab PET (Engineering polyester)
Cov yam ntxwv: PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate) thiab PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) cov qauv engineering siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom sib txuas, qee lub iav, thiab cov tsev uas xav tau kev ruaj khov zoo dua thiab tiv taus cua sov dua li ABS.
Qhov Zoo: Ruaj khov, tiv taus cua sov zoo, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg tsim nyog.
Qhov Tsis Zoo: Yuav tawg yooj yim nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej; feem ntau xav tau fiberglass reinforcement rau lub zog siab.
Txoj kev tsim khoom: Feem ntau txhaj tshuaj molding, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm iav-puv (iav fiber) kom ua rau muaj zog thiab tawv.
8) PPS, PEEK, thiab PEI (cov yas ua tau zoo)
Cov yam ntxwv: Pawg no siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas nyuaj: kub siab, cov khoom siv kho tshuab siab, thiab cov chaw muaj tshuaj lom neeg hnyav. PEEK siv dav hauv cov khoom siv tshuab precision, cov bearings ua haujlwm siab, cov insulators kub siab, thiab txawm tias hauv kev siv roj thiab roj av. PPS ua tau zoo hauv cov chaw muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab kub siab, thaum PEI (piv txwv li, Ultem) paub txog nws lub zog thiab kev tiv taus kub nrog kev ruaj khov zoo.
Qhov Zoo: Ua haujlwm kub heev, muaj zog, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
Qhov tsis zoo: Tus nqi siab, cov txheej txheem xav tau kev tswj hwm nruj thiab cov tshuab kub siab.
Txoj kev tsim khoom: Kev txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb (kev txhaj tshuaj kub siab) rau kev tsim khoom nruab nrab mus rau ntau qhov loj. Rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov duab pas nrig / daim ntawv extruded muaj thiab tom qab ntawd tshuab. Hauv qee kis, kev luam ntawv 3D qib kev lag luam (piv txwv li, FFF rau PEEK / PEI) yog siv rau cov qauv thiab kev tsim khoom tsawg.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yas rau cov khoom siv tshuab
1. Kev txhaj tshuaj molding
Cov yas pellets raug yaj thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj rau hauv pwm. Cov txiaj ntsig: tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntau, qhov tseeb siab, lub sijhawm voj voog sai, thiab cov duab nyuaj. Feem ntau siv rau POM, PA, ABS, PC, PBT, PPS, thiab PEEK.
2. Kev rho tawm
Cov yas raug yaj thiab tom qab ntawd raug yuam los ntawm lub pwm kom tsim cov profiles txuas ntxiv mus: cov pas nrig, cov ntawv, thiab cov raj. Haum rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tom qab ntawd raug tshuab ua cov khoom tiav.
3. Kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab sintering
Cov hmoov lossis cov khoom ua ntej raug nias rau hauv pwm thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom sov. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim rau PTFE thiab UHMWPE, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov khoom siv nyuaj rau ua tiav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj molding ib txwm muaj.
4. Kev Siv Tshuab (CNC machining/lathe/milling)
Ntau yam khoom siv tshuab yas yog ua los ntawm pas nrig / daim ntawv thiab tom qab ntawd txiav thiab tshuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom me me, cov qauv, lossis cov khoom loj xws li cov lus qhia, cov kab hnav, thiab cov bushings tshwj xeeb.
5. 3D luam ntawv (kev tsim khoom ntxiv)
Siv rau cov qauv prototypes, jigs/fixtures, lossis kev tsim khoom tsawg. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv (ABS, PA, PC blend, thiab txawm tias PEEK/PEI ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb). Nws muaj kev ywj pheej, tab sis lub zog thiab kev raug nyob ntawm cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv thiab kev taw qhia.
Kev kaw
Cov yas engineering ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuab, los ntawm cov iav thiab bushings mus rau cov foob, cov tsev, thiab cov lus qhia swb. Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv xws li PA, POM, PTFE, UHMWPE, PC, ABS, PBT/PET, thiab PPS/PEEK/PEI yuav tsum xav txog qhov hnyav, kev sib txhuam, qhov kub ua haujlwm, kev raug tshuaj lom neeg, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug. Ntawm sab txheej txheem, kev txhaj tshuaj molding zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom loj, thaum extrusion, compression molding, machining, thiab 3D printing yog cov kev xaiv nyob ntawm cov duab, ntim ntau lawm, thiab cov hom phiaj ua tau zoo. Nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem, cov yas tuaj yeem xa cov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov nqi tsim nyog hauv cov qauv tshuab niaj hnub.
