Cov Hom Yas Siv Rau Hauv Kev Ua Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Thiab Yuav Ua Li Cas
Kev ntim khoom noj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov khoom zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub sijhawm khaws cia. Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, yas yog cov khoom ntim khoom siv dav tshaj plaws vim nws tsis hnyav, yoog tau, pheej yig, yooj yim ua, thiab tuaj yeem ua los tiv thaiv huab cua thiab dej pa. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yas haum rau khoom noj. Kev xaiv yas nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom (qhuav/ntub, kub/txias, roj/acidic), cov kev cai tiv taus kub, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb khoom noj.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov hom yas uas feem ntau siv rau kev ntim khoom noj nrog rau kev piav qhia txog lawv ua li cas (los ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau kev ntim khoom).
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1. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) - Code 1
Cov kev siv tseem ceeb: cov fwj dej ntxhia thiab cov dej qab zib, cov fwj roj ua noj, cov thawv kua ntses, cov ntim zaub xam lav, qee cov tais zaub mov, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ntim khoom.
Qhov Zoo: meej, muaj zog, sib dua, muaj qhov thaiv zoo tiv thaiv roj, thiab ruaj khov rau kev sib cuag zaub mov.
Cov Kev Txwv: tsis zoo tagnrho rau qhov kub thiab txias heev (piv txwv li, rov ua kom sov dua hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob microwave) tsuas yog rau PET tsim tshwj xeeb (CPET).
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Kev Ua Polymerization: PET yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj terephthalic acid derivative (piv txwv li, PTA lossis DMT) thiab ethylene glycol. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tsim cov saw polymer PET thiab cov khoom lag luam (piv txwv li, dej / methanol) uas tau sib cais.
2. Kev tsim cov pellet: Cov kua PET raug txias thiab txiav ua cov granules (pellets).
3. Kev ziab cov roj hmab: PET yog hygroscopic (nyiam nqus dej). Ua ntej ua tiav, cov pellets raug ziab kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thaum yaj.
4. Kev txhaj tshuaj molding preform: rau lub raj mis, PET feem ntau yog tsim los ua "preform" (zoo li lub raj me me, tuab) los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding.
5. Siv lub tshuab cua tshuab ncab: Lub preform raug cua sov, tom qab ntawd tshuab thiab ncab hauv lub pwm raj mis. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau lub raj mis muaj zog thiab meej dua.
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2. HDPE (Polyethylene Ceev Siab) - Code 2
Kev siv tseem ceeb: cov fwj mis nyuj, qee cov nkas loos, cov kaus poom zaub mov, lub hau fwj, cov thawv ntim zaub mov, thiab cov khoom ntim tuab.
Cov Zoo: muaj zog, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom noj.
Cov kev txwv: ntau dua opaque dua li PET, qhov thaiv rau oxygen tsis siab npaum li qee lwm cov yas.
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Ethylene polymerization: HDPE yog ua los ntawm ethylene monomer nrog ib qho catalyst (piv txwv li Ziegler-Natta lossis metallocene) uas tsim cov qauv saw hlau denser (siab ceev).
2. Kev rho tawm los yog tshuab pwm:
– Rau cov fwj/cov kaus poom: feem ntau yog siv extrusion blow molding, uas yog cov yas raug yaj rau hauv ib lub raj (parison), ntxig rau hauv pwm, tom qab ntawd tshuab kom txog thaum nws lo rau ntawm cov pwm.
- Rau lub hau: feem ntau siv kev txhaj tshuaj molding.
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3. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) - Code 3 (Kev siv zaub mov txwv)
Cov kev siv tseem ceeb (txwv thiab tswj hwm nruj): qee hom zaj duab xis cling lossis zaj duab xis ntsws.
Zoo: meej, elastic zoo li zaj duab xis, muaj zog heev.
Cov kev txwv: cov teeb meem ntxiv (plasticizers) thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw thaum cua sov; kev siv rau kev ntim khoom noj khoom haus raug txwv ntau ntxiv hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Vinyl chloride polymerization: vinyl chloride monomer yog polymerized rau hauv PVC.
2. Ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv: PVC yuav luag ib txwm xav tau cov khoom ntxiv - cov khoom ruaj khov, cov roj nplua nyeem, thiab qee zaum cov khoom yas - kom nws yooj ywm thiab yooj yim rau kev ua.
3. Kev ua zaj duab xis: feem ntau yog los ntawm kev calendering (yas raug hla cov menyuam kub los ua ib daim ntawv nyias nyias) lossis zaj duab xis extrusion.
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4. LDPE (Polyethylene Qis Qis) - Code 4
Cov kev siv tseem ceeb: cov hnab ntim mov ci, qee cov hnab yuav khoom noj, cov hnab ntim khoom, cov fwj mos, thiab qee cov yas qhwv.
Zoo: yooj ywm heev, tsis muaj dej nkag, yooj yim rau cua sov.
Cov kev txwv: cov pa oxygen tsis siab heev; tsis khov kho.
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Kev ua polymerization ntawm ethylene ntawm qhov siab: tsim cov qauv branched ntau dua kom cov khoom siv yooj ywm dua.
2. Kev rho tawm zaj duab xis los ntawm cua tshuab: LDPE feem ntau yog ua rau zaj duab xis los ntawm cov txheej txheem cua tshuab: cov yas yaj, rho tawm rau hauv lub raj, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom zoo li lub npas los ua ib daim ntawv nyias nyias.
3. Kev hloov zaj duab xis: zaj duab xis raug txiav thiab kaw rau hauv lub hnab, lossis laminated nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
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5. PP (Polypropylene) - Code 5
Kev siv tseem ceeb: cov thawv ntim khoom noj uas npaj txhij noj, cov khob mis nyuj yogurt, cov raj mis (hauv qee yam khoom), lub hau fwj, cov khoom ntim khoom qab zib, thiab qee cov thawv uas siv tau rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob microwave.
Qhov Zoo: tiv taus cua sov zoo dua li PE, lub teeb, muaj zog, thiab tiv taus roj.
Cov kev txwv: tuaj yeem ua rau tawg yooj yim ntawm qhov kub qis heev; qhov meej nyob ntawm qib thiab txheej txheem.
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Propylene polymerization: siv cov catalyst los tsim PP (homopolymer lossis copolymer).
2. Thermoforming: rau khob/phaj, PP feem ntau yog ua rau daim ntawv ua ntej los ntawm kev rho tawm, tom qab ntawd cua sov thiab tsim nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev/siab rau hauv pwm (thermoforming).
3. Kev txhaj tshuaj pwm: rau qee lub hau lossis cov thawv khov kho, PP yog kev txhaj tshuaj pwm.
4. Zaj duab xis BOPP: PP kuj tseem ua rau zaj duab xis ob txoj kev taw qhia (BOPP) los ntawm kev ncab nws mus rau hauv qhov ntev thiab hla kom nws muaj zog thiab meej dua, feem ntau siv los qhwv cov khoom noj txom ncauj.
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6. PS (Polystyrene) - Code 6 (xws li EPS/Styrofoam)
Cov kev siv tseem ceeb: cov diav yas/rab diav rawg, khob haus dej, tais nqaij, thiab EPS (ua npuas dej) rau cov thawv ntim khoom noj.
Qhov zoo: pheej yig, yooj yim rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj, tuaj yeem pom tseeb (GPPS) lossis sib dua (EPS).
Cov kev txwv: kev tiv taus cua sov tsawg; cov teeb meem ib puag ncig yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau EPS.
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Kev ua polymerization ntawm styrene: tsim PS.
2. Kev Thermoforming: Cov ntawv PS raug cua sov thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau hauv khob / tais.
3. Kev tsim cov EPS: Cov granules PS raug nthuav ua ntej nrog tus neeg sawv cev kom lawv nthuav dav ua npuas ncauj, tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv pwm thiab cua sov kom sib xyaw ua ke los ua lub thawv.
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7. Yas ntau txheej/Laminated (piv txwv li PET/PE, OPP/CPP, PA/PE)
Ntau lub pob khoom noj niaj hnub no tsis yog ua los ntawm ib hom yas xwb, tab sis yog ua los ntawm ntau txheej sib xyaw ua ke kom ua tiav cov yam ntxwv sib xws: ib txheej rau lub zog, ib txheej rau kev thaiv pa oxygen/tshuaj tsw qab, thiab ib txheej rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev kaw.
Piv txwv ntawm kev siv: ntim kas fes, khoom noj txom ncauj, cov noodles tam sim ntawd, cov kua ntses hauv hnab, cov khoom noj khov, thiab cov hnab ntim khoom ua kua.
Qhov zoo: kev ua tau zoo (kev thaiv zoo thiab lub zog).
Cov kev txwv: nyuaj dua rau kev rov ua dua tshiab vim tias nws muaj ntau yam khoom siv.
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ib leeg: piv txwv li zaj duab xis PET, BOPP, CPP, lossis PE zaj duab xis yog ua los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev taw qhia.
2. Lamination: cov txheej ua ke nrog:
– Kev lamination nplaum (ua raws li cov kuab tshuaj lossis tsis muaj kuab tshuaj) siv cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd ziab/kho.
- Extrusion lamination, qhov twg PE yog yaj thiab "extruded" ua cov nplaum kub ntawm ob zaj duab xis.
3. Kev Luam Ntawv: tus qauv ntim khoom raug luam tawm (rotogravure / flexography) rau ntawm ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej lamination lossis tom qab raws li qhov xav tau.
4. Kev tsim cov ntim khoom: cov yeeb yaj kiab ntau txheej raug ua tiav ntawm lub tshuab ua daim ntawv-sau-kaw rau hauv cov hnab me me, hnab me me, lossis cov ntim khoom yob.
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8. Cov khoom siv bioplastics (PLA thiab cov khoom siv ua los ntawm hmoov txhuv nplej siab) - Lwm txoj hauv kev uas tab tom loj hlob tuaj
Siv: khob, tais thiab zaj duab xis rau qee yam khoom (feem ntau tsis kub dhau).
Cov Zoo: los ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab; ib feem lwj tau hauv qab cov xwm txheej composting hauv kev lag luam.
Cov Kev Txwv: tsis yog ib txwm tiv taus cua sov; xav tau kev ua tiav / kev ua kom cov av lwj zoo; tus nqi tuaj yeem siab dua.
Yuav ua li cas:
1. Kev ua kom cov khoom siv raw fermentation: piv txwv li pob kws/qab zib yog fermented los tsim cov lactic acid.
2. Kev ua polymerization: lactic acid raug ua tiav rau hauv PLA.
3. Extrusion/thermoforming: PLA raug ua tiav zoo ib yam li cov yas ib txwm muaj rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis cov thawv.
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Xaus
Cov hom yas rau kev ntim khoom noj muaj xws li PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, PS, thiab ntau txheej laminates—txhua tus xaiv raws li lub zog, qhov meej, tiv taus cua sov, thiab lub peev xwm kaw. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv: los ntawm monomer polymerization mus rau pellets, tom qab ntawd ua rau hauv cov ntim khoom los ntawm kev rho tawm zaj duab xis, txhaj tshuaj molding, tshuab molding, lossis thermoforming. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov kom ruaj khov, bioplastics thiab cov qauv ntim khoom yooj yim dua tau tsim ntau ntxiv, txawm tias muaj kev txwv kev siv tshuab thiab cov khoom siv ua tiav.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, daim ntawv kawm qib siab, lossis SEO blog post, ua tiav nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntu me me ntawm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov thiab kev siv rov qab.
