Cov Hom Yas Siv Los Ua Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev Thiab Lawv Tsim Li Cas
Yas tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev vim nws lub teeb yuag, muaj zog, tsis muaj dej, yooj ywm, thiab pheej yig. Txij li cov thawv cia khoom noj thiab cov thoob, cov tais diav, thiab txhuam mus rau cov khoom me me hauv cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntau hom yas nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Txhua hom yas raug xaiv raws li nws cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm: seb nws yuav tsum tiv taus cua sov, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, muaj kev nyab xeeb rau zaub mov, ywj ywm, lossis tawv thiab meej. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov hom yas uas feem ntau siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
1. Polypropylene (PP) - Sib dua, Tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, siv tau ntau yam
Polypropylene (PP) yog ib qho ntawm cov yas uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev. PP paub tias nws tsis hnyav, tawv heev, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev sib cuag nrog zaub mov (feem ntau siv rau cov thawv ntim khoom noj, lub hau fwj, thiab qee yam khoom siv hauv chav ua noj).
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm PP:
- Cov thawv ntim khoom noj, cov thawv noj su, cov hau thawv
– Cov thoob, cov tais diav, cov diav (tshwj xeeb yog cov uas yuav tsum tau tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsis hnyav heev)
- Txhuam, txhuam nrog kov lossis lub cev
Txoj kev tsim khoom PP (txheej txheem tsim khoom):
– Kev txhaj tshuaj pwm: Cov pellets PP raug yaj rau hauv lub thoob, tom qab ntawd txhaj rau hauv pwm, txias, thiab tso tawm. Haum rau cov khoom lag luam ntxaws xws li lub hau, tes tuav, thiab cov khoom me me.
– Tshuab pwm: siv los ua cov khoom khoob xws li lub raj mis lossis cov kaus poom jerry (txawm hais tias cov kaus poom jerry feem ntau kuj siv HDPE).
– Thermoforming: Daim ntawv PP raug cua sov thiab tom qab ntawd tsim nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev / siab, uas feem ntau yog rau cov thawv nyias.
2. Polyethylene (PE) - Yooj Yim Siv Tau, Tsis Muaj Dej, Muaj Ntau Yam Sib Txawv
Polyethylene (PE) muaj ntau hom tseem ceeb, ob hom feem ntau yog HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) thiab LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene).
a) HDPE - Muaj zog, Tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, Tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg
HDPE tawv dua thiab muaj zog dua LDPE. Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv taus kev cuam tshuam thiab cov qauv ruaj khov.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom HDPE:
- Cov kaus poom roj hmab, cov fwj xab npum, qee cov fwj tshuaj zawv plaub hau
- Lub thoob tuab, lub thoob khib nyiab
- Qee cov laug txiav yas
Txoj kev tsim khoom HDPE:
– Tshuab pwm: feem ntau siv rau cov fwj/cov kaus poom vim nws ua rau cov qauv khoob thiab muaj zog.
– Kev txhaj tshuaj pwm: rau lub hau fwj, cov khoom siv kov, thiab cov khoom ruaj khov uas muaj phab ntsa tuab.
- Extrusion: los tsim cov kav dej me me, cov profile, lossis cov ntawv.
b) LDPE - Ntau dua ywj pheej thiab ywj pheej
LDPE muaj kev ywj pheej thiab yooj ywm dua; nws tiv taus dej, tab sis feem ntau tsis tawv dua HDPE.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom LDPE:
- Cov hnab yas thiab cov yas qhwv
- Qee lub raj mis me me
- Txheej tiv thaiv los yog cov khoom siv yooj yim elastic
Txoj kev tsim khoom LDPE:
- Tshuab zaj duab xis (tshuab cua tshuab): tsim cov ntawv zaj duab xis nyias rau cov hnab thiab ntim khoom.
- Txheej extrusion: txheej lwm yam khoom siv kom ua rau lawv tsis ntub dej.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding rau qee yam khoom uas xav tau kev ywj pheej.
3. Polystyrene (PS) - Rigid, Yooj Yim Rau Puab, Tab Sis Feem Ntau Yuav Brittle
Polystyrene (PS) yog ib yam khoom uas tawv thiab yooj yim hloov, tiam sis thaum nws khov lawm ces nws yuav yooj yim tawg yooj yim dua li PP los yog PE. PS kuj hu ua expanded polystyrene (EPS) los yog "styrofoam," uas yog khoob thiab tsis hnyav.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm PS:
- Qee cov thawv siv ib zaug xwb
- Cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas sib dua (tsis yog cov uas muaj khoom hnyav)
- Lub txee me me los yog lub thawv yooj yim (nyob ntawm cov mis)
Txoj kev tsim khoom PS:
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: los tsim cov khoom khov kho thiab ntxaws ntxaws.
– Ua npuas ncauj (EPS molding): Cov granules EPS raug cua sov nrog cov pa kom lawv nthuav dav, tom qab ntawd pwm rau hauv ib qho kev tiv thaiv lossis lub thawv tshwj xeeb.
4. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) - Tiv taus huab cua, Siv dav rau cov khoom sib xyaw
PVC paub dav txog nws txoj kev tiv taus huab cua, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom khov kho lossis yoog tau nyob ntawm kev ntxiv cov yas. Hauv tsev, PVC siv dav hauv cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv taus dej thiab yoog tau.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom PVC:
- Cov kav dej, cov kav dej ntxuav khaub ncaws
- Qee cov ntaub thaiv da dej
- Txheej lossis rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov cables ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev
Txoj kev tsim khoom PVC:
- Extrusion: feem ntau yog rau cov hoses, cov kav dej, cov profile, thiab cov txheej cable.
– Calendering: cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv PVC (piv txwv li cov ntawv hloov pauv tau).
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: rau cov khoom me me lossis kev sib txuas.
5. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) - Muaj zog, Tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, Zoo nkauj heev
ABS yog ib hom yas engineering uas nrov vim nws tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, ruaj khov, muaj qhov chaw du, thiab yooj yim rau kev ua tiav (pleev xim, txheej, lossis ua kom ci).
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua los ntawm ABS:
- Lub thawv rau cov blenders, mixers, thiab cov tshuab nqus tsev
- Cov tes tuav khoom siv, cov khoom siv hloov pauv lossis cov pob qhov rooj
- Qee yam khoom siv hauv chav dej (cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov ci ntsa iab)
ABS txoj kev tsim khoom:
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov casings thiab cov khoom.
– Kev plating/kev ua tiav: ABS feem ntau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav xws li plating (piv txwv li chrome-zoo li), pleev xim, lossis pwm cov qauv kom muab nws zoo nkauj.
6. Polycarbonate (PC) - Tiv taus kev cuam tshuam thiab pom tseeb, tab sis kim dua
Polycarbonate (PC) zoo heev rau kev tiv taus kev cuam tshuam thiab tuaj yeem ua kom pob tshab. Vim nws tus nqi siab dua, PC feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom uas xav tau lub zog ntxiv thiab meej.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv PC:
- Tej gallons dej (nyob ntawm cov qauv thiab kev cai lij choj)
- Lub thawv pob tshab thiab tuab
- Ib feem tiv thaiv (npog) ntawm qee cov cuab yeej
Txoj kev tsim khoom PC:
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: rau cov khoom tuab, meej, thiab pob tshab.
- Extrusion: rau cov ntawv PC (piv txwv li cov ntaub thaiv lossis cov vaj huam sib luag).
7. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) - Pob tshab thiab Feem ntau hauv Kev Ntim Khoom
Feem ntau pom muaj PET hauv cov fwj dej haus vim nws pob tshab, muaj zog, thiab muaj cov khoom thaiv zoo. Hauv tsev neeg, PET feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntim khoom thiab qee lub thawv.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom PET:
- Cov fwj dej haus, qee cov fwj roj ua noj
- Cov thawv pob tshab rau cov khoom noj (tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom ntim khoom)
Txoj kev tsim cov tsiaj PET:
– Kev txhaj tshuaj ncab tshuab pwm (ISBM): PET preform yog ua los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj pwm, tom qab ntawd ua kom sov thiab tshuab thaum ncab kom txog thaum nws dhau los ua lub raj mis muaj zog thiab meej.
– Thermoforming: rau ntau lub tais lossis cov thawv zoo li daim ntawv.
Cov Theem Dav Dav ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev Yas
Txawm hais tias cov hom yas thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom feem ntau suav nrog:
1. Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv (resin) thiab cov khoom ntxiv
Cov yas resins raug xaiv raws li lawv cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb: tiv taus kub, lub zog, kev ywj pheej, kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov, xim, thiab tiv taus UV. Cov khoom ntxiv xws li cov xim (masterbatches), cov tshuaj antioxidants, thiab cov stabilizers tuaj yeem ntxiv rau.
2. Yaj thiab tsim
Cov yas pellets raug cua sov kom txog thaum lawv yaj hauv lub tshuab (txhaj tshuaj, extrusion, lossis tshuab molding). Qhov kub thiab siab yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb kom tiv thaiv cov khoom kom tsis txhob tawg, warped, lossis deformed.
3. Txias thiab tso tawm ntawm pwm
Kev txias ua rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov loj me. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom raug tshem tawm thiab kuaj xyuas.
4. Kev ua tiav thiab kev sib dhos
Cov sprue/runner uas seem tshuav raug txiav tawm, qhov chaw raug du, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom sib dhos (piv txwv li, lub plhaub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev).
5. Kev tswj xyuas zoo (QC)
Cov khoom raug kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov muag pom, lub zog, qhov xau (rau lub raj mis), lossis qhov tseeb ntawm qhov loj. Rau cov khoom siv uas kov zaub mov, cov qauv kev nyab xeeb kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog.
Kev kaw
Cov hom yas siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj ntau yam sib txawv - PP thiab PE rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub pheej yig thiab tsis muaj dej, ABS thiab PC rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab qhov zoo nkauj dua, PVC rau cov kav dej thiab cov ntawv thov hloov pauv tau, thiab PET rau cov ntim khoom pob tshab. Tom qab cov khoom zoo li yooj yim, muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshwj xeeb xws li kev txhaj tshuaj molding, tshuab molding, extrusion, thermoforming, thiab txawm tias ua npuas dej rau EPS. Kev nkag siab txog cov hom yas thiab lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom pab peb xaiv cov khoom zoo rau peb cov kev xav tau, thaum tseem ntse dua hauv kev siv thiab kev tswj hwm cov khib nyiab yas.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem kho cov ntawv no kom haum rau kev siv tshuab (piv txwv li, cov ntsuas kub dav dav rau txhua cov resin thiab ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom), lossis siv tau zoo dua (cov lus qhia txog kev xaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau zaub mov thiab ruaj khov).
