Cov Hom Yas Uas Zoo Rau Ib Puag Ncig Thiab Lawv Tsim Li Cas
Yas tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig yog qhov puas tsuaj loj heev. Cov yas roj av ib txwm siv sijhawm ntau pua txog ntau txhiab xyoo los lwj, ua rau dej hiav txwv thiab av qias neeg thiab hem cov tsiaj qus. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam tau ua haujlwm hnyav los nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev uas zoo rau ib puag ncig. Hauv qab no yog qee hom yas uas zoo rau ib puag ncig uas tau tsim thiab lawv tsim tawm li cas.
1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Rov Siv Dua.
Kev piav qhia
Polyethylene terephthalate, feem ntau hu ua PET, yog ib hom yas uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov fwj dej haus thiab cov ntim khoom noj. Muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv kev siv PET dua tshiab tau ua rau cov khoom siv rov siv dua, txo cov khib nyiab thiab qhov xav tau cov khoom siv tshiab.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom
Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua PET feem ntau muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
1. Kev Sau thiab Kev Cais: Cov khib nyiab yas PET raug sau thiab cais raws li xim thiab kev huv.
2. Ntxuav: PET raug ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov av thiab cov khoom tsis huv.
3. Kev Sib Tsoo: PET huv si raug sib tsoo ua cov flakes me me lossis cov yas ore.
4. Kev rho tawm: Cov tsiaj flakes raug yaj thiab rho tawm rau hauv cov yas pellets tshiab npaj rau kev siv.
Cov PET rov ua dua tshiab (rPET) feem ntau siv dua los ua cov fwj dej haus, cov fibers rau cov ntaub, thiab ntau yam khoom lag luam.
2. Polylactide (PLA)
Kev piav qhia
Polylactide, lossis PLA, yog cov yas bioplastic ua los ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab xws li pob kws, qos yaj ywm, lossis beets qab zib. PLA yog ib hom yas bioplastic uas siv dav tshaj plaws vim nws cov biodegradability.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom
Kev tsim khoom PLA muaj ntau theem:
1. Kev Rho Qab Zib: Cov carbohydrates los ntawm cov khoom siv raw xws li pob kws raug rho tawm thiab fermented los tsim cov lactic acid.
2. Kev Ua Polymerization: Cov kua qaub lactic ces dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua polymerization los tsim cov saw ntev ntawm polylactide.
3. Kev Tsim: Cov PLA uas tau los ntawm kev siv extrusion, kev txhaj tshuaj molding, lossis cov txheej txheem thermoforming tuaj yeem hloov mus ua ntau yam duab los ntawm kev rho tawm, kev txhaj tshuaj molding, lossis cov txheej txheem thermoforming.
PLA siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li ntim khoom noj, cov riam siv pov tseg, thiab cov hnab yas biodegradable.
3. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
Kev piav qhia
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) yog cov bioplastics uas cov kab mob tsim los ntawm kev fermentation ntawm cov khoom siv organic. PHAs yog qhov zoo tshwj xeeb vim tias lawv muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov yas ib txwm muaj tab sis lawv tuaj yeem lwj tau hauv ib puag ncig.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom
Kev tsim khoom PHA muaj ntau theem:
1. Kev Ua Kom Cov Kab Mob Sib Kis: Qee cov kab mob tau noj cov pa roj carbon xws li roj zaub lossis cov roj fatty acids.
2. Kev tsim PHA: Cov kab mob hloov cov pa roj carbon mus ua PHA, uas sib sau ua cov granules hauv cov hlwb kab mob.
3. Kev rho tawm thiab kev ntxuav: PHA yog rho tawm ntawm cov kab mob cell thiab ntxuav kom tau txais cov polymer xav tau.
PHA siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li ntim khoom noj, cov khoom siv kho mob uas lwj tau, thiab lwm yam khoom siv ib zaug xwb.
4. Biopolyethylene (Bio-PE)
Kev piav qhia
Biopolyethylene, lossis Bio-PE, yog ib hom polyethylene uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab xws li qab zib. Bio-PE muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li polyethylene ib txwm muaj tab sis muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom
Kev tsim cov Bio-PE muaj ntau kauj ruam:
1. Kev rho tawm qab zib: Qab zib yog rho tawm los ntawm cov kab tsib lossis lwm yam nroj tsuag.
2. Kev Ua Kom Qhuav: Qab zib raug ua kom qhuav los tsim cov ethanol.
3. Kev Qhuav Dej: Ethanol raug hloov mus ua ethylene los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhuav dej.
4. Kev Ua Polymerization: Ethylene ces polymerized rau hauv polyethylene.
Ib yam li cov PE ib txwm muaj, Bio-PE siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li ntim khoom noj, hnab yas, thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam.
5. Cellulose Acetate
Kev piav qhia
Cellulose acetate yog ib hom yas uas tau los ntawm cellulose, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov phab ntsa cell ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov yas no tau siv rau ntau xyoo lawm thiab paub txog nws txoj kev lwj.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom
Kev tsim cov cellulose acetate muaj ntau theem:
1. Kev Rho Tawm Cellulose: Cellulose yog rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li ntoo lossis paj rwb.
2. Acetylation: Cellulose ces hloov mus ua cellulose acetate los ntawm cov txheej txheem acetylation siv acetic acid.
3. Kev Tsim: Cov cellulose acetate uas tshwm sim tuaj yeem tsim ua ntau yam khoom los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding lossis lwm yam kev tsim.
Cellulose acetate siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li cov lim luam yeeb, zaj duab xis thaij duab, thiab cov khoom siv xws li cov zuag thiab cov tsom iav.
6. Polybutylenedipate Terephthalate (PBAT)
Kev piav qhia
Polybutylenedipate terephthalate (PBAT) yog ib hom polymer uas lwj tau yooj yim uas feem ntau sib xyaw nrog lwm cov yas bioplastics los txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab. PBAT yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau cov khoom siv ib zaug xwb vim nws muaj zog thiab biodegradability.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom
Kev tsim khoom PBAT muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
1. Polycondensation: PBAT yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm butanediol, terephthalic acid, thiab adipic acid.
2. Kev Tsim: Cov PBAT uas tshwm sim tuaj yeem tsim ua ntau yam khoom los ntawm kev rho tawm, kev txhaj tshuaj molding, lossis lwm yam txheej txheem.
PBAT siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov xws li cov hnab yas uas lwj tau, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov khoom ntim khoom.
Xaus
Kev tsim cov yas uas zoo rau ib puag ncig qhia tau tias peb tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov yas ib txwm muaj rau ib puag ncig. Cov yas PET rov ua dua tshiab, PLA, PHA, Bio-PE, cellulose acetate, thiab PBAT tsuas yog ob peb yam piv txwv ntawm cov yas uas tsim los kom zoo dua rau peb lub ntiaj teb. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshiab thiab kev siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, cov yas no muab cov kev daws teeb meem ruaj khov rau yav tom ntej.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev hloov mus siv cov yas uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj xwb tsis txaus. Kev txo kev siv yas, kev rov ua dua tshiab ntau ntxiv, thiab kev hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov yas. Nrog kev tsim kho tshiab tas mus li thiab kev paub txog ib puag ncig ntau ntxiv, peb tuaj yeem txav mus rau yav tom ntej uas ntsuab dua thiab ruaj khov dua.
