Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka capacitor pā like
ʻO ke capacitor papa like he capacitor i loaʻa i ʻelua mau papa alakaʻi like, ʻo kēlā me kēia papa he ʻāpana like (A) a me ʻelua mau papa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi mamao (d), e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma ka hema. Hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia kekahi o nā papa alakaʻi (+Q) ʻoiai ʻo kekahi papa alakaʻi i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia (-Q), kahi i ka nui o uku uila ma kēlā me kēia pā ua like. I ʻole e neʻe ka uku i ka molekole ea, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka capacitor mai ke kaiapuni, a ma waena o nā pā ʻelua, aia kahi hakahaka.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano uku uila i nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua e hana i kahi kahua uila a me kahi ʻokoʻa hiki uila ma waena o nā papa ʻelua. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki uila o ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hiki uila o ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. E like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ke kumuhana o ka hiki uila, inā he ʻokoʻa hiki uila ma waena o nā papa ʻelua o ka capacitor, aia kahi ikehu hiki uila i loko o ka capacitor. He nui nā hoʻohana o ka ikehu hiki uila i mālama ʻia i loko o nā capacitors.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka capacitance o ka capacitor pā like
ʻAʻole i hoʻopiha ʻia ka capacitor i ka uila a i ʻole ke kūlike ʻole o ka uila. No ka hoʻopiha ʻia ʻana, hana ʻia ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka capacitor ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka capacitor me kahi kumu uila e like me ka pila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaula. Hoʻopili ʻia kekahi o nā papa alakaʻi i ka pou maikaʻi o ka pila, ʻoiai ʻo ka papa alakaʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili ʻia i ka pou maikaʻi ʻole o ka pila.
E hoʻomanaʻo i nā uku like e kipaku aku kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai nā uku like ʻole e huki kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā electrons a maʻalahi ke neʻe no ka mea aia lākou ma ka ʻili o ka ʻātoma, ʻoiai ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā protons a ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe no ka mea aia lākou ma ka nucleus atomic. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā protons o ka papa alakaʻi ma mua o nā electrons, ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka papa, ma ke ʻano ʻē, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā electrons ma mua o nā protons, ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka papa.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka capacitor i ka pila, ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka pou maikaʻi o ka pila. No laila e huki ai i nā electrons mai ka papa alakaʻi, ʻoiai ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka pou maikaʻi ʻole o ka pila i hiki ai ke hōʻole i nā electrons i ka papa alakaʻi. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka uila ma waena o ka pila a me ka papa alakaʻi ke kumu o ka nalowale ʻana o nā electrons i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka papa alakaʻi, a loaʻa i ka papa alakaʻi nā electrons i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. Hoʻōki ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons ma hope o ka like ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa hiki uila ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua me ka ʻokoʻa hiki uila ma waena o nā pou pila ʻelua.
ʻO ka hana a ka capacitor e mālama i ka uku uila a me ka ikehu hiki ke uila . ʻO ka nui o ka hiki o ka capacitor ke mālama i ka uku uila a me ka ikehu hiki ke uila ua kapa ʻia ʻo capacitance. ʻO ka nui o ka uila i mālama ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu hiki ke uila i mālama ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka capacitance o ka capacitor. He aha nā mea e hoʻohuli i ka capacitance o kahi capacitor pā like?
ʻO ka ʻili o ka papa alakaʻi
Mālama ka capacitor papa like i ka uku uila ma luna o ka papa alakaʻi. Inā liʻiliʻi ka ʻili o ka papa a laila mālama ʻia kahi uku uila liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole inā nui ka ʻili o ka papa a laila mālama ʻia ka nui o ka uku uila. ʻO ka nui o nā uku uila i mālama ʻia ma ka papa alakaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu hiki ke uila i loaʻa i ka capacitor. No laila, ʻo ka nui o ka ikehu hiki ke uila o ka capacitor, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka capacitance o ka capacitor. Ma muli o kēia loiloi, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he kūlike ka capacitance o ka capacitor (C) me ka ʻili o ka papa alakaʻi (A).
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua
Ua pau ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā electrons ma hope o ka like ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hiki ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua me ka ʻokoʻa o ka hiki ma waena o nā pou pila ʻelua. Pehea ʻoe e hoʻonui ai i ka uku uila ma nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua? ʻO kekahi ala, ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka mamao ma waena o nā alakaʻi ʻelua (e hoʻemi ana iā d). Ke hoʻokokoke ʻia nā alakaʻi ʻelua, e mau ana ka nui o ka uku uila i paʻa ai ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka uku uila. Ma muli o ka hoohalike V = E d, i ka wā e mau ai ke kahua uila (E), e emi ana ka ʻokoʻa o ka hiki uila (V) inā e emi ana ka mamao ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua (d).
Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua i mea e liʻiliʻi ai ma mua o ka ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā pou pila ʻelua. Hoʻoulu kēia i ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku uila o kēlā me kēia papa alakaʻi. Hoʻōki ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā electrons ma hope o ka like ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā papa ʻelua me ka ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā pou pila ʻelua.
Ke hoʻemi ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua, piʻi ka uku uila ma kēlā me kēia papa i mea e piʻi ai ka ikehu uila o ka capacitor. Inā piʻi ka ikehu uila o ka capacitor, piʻi pū ka capacitance o ka capacitor. Inā hoʻemi ʻia ka mamao, piʻi ka uku i mea e piʻi ai ka capacitance, ke hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao, emi ka uku i mea e emi ai ka capacitance. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he kūlike ʻole ka capacitance o ka capacitor (C) me ka mamao ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua (d).
ʻO ke kaulike o ka capacitance o ka capacitor pā like
Ma mua, ua wehewehe ʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka capacitance o nā capacitors pā like. Hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia ka waiwai capacitance ma o nā helu ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoohalike. Ma ke kumuhana e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kahua uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kānāwai o Gauss, ʻo ke ʻano hana no ka helu ʻana i ke kahua uila kokoke i ka papa alakaʻi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka uila ʻo E = σ / ε.o, kahi σ = Q / A i loli ai ke kaulike kahua uila i E = Q/A: εo = Q/A x 1/εo = Q / A εoʻO ke kaulike o ka hiki ke uila ʻo V = E d, kahi ʻo E = Q / A εo i loli ai ka hoohalike i V = Q d / A εoʻO ke kaulike o ka capacitance ʻo C = Q/V, kahi ʻo V = Q d / A εo i loli ai ke kaulike o ka capacitance i C = Q: Q d / A εo = Q x A εo / Q d = A εo / lā.
Ma muli o ke kaulike o ka capacitance C = A ε o / d hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he kūlike ka capacitance (C) me ka ʻāpana ʻili (A) a kūlike ʻole i ka mamao (d) ma waena o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua.
ʻO E = kahua uila, σ = nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ε = ka ʻae ʻana o ka vacuum = 8.85 x 10 -12 F/m, Q = hoʻouka uila, A = ʻāpana o ka papa alakaʻi, V = ʻokoʻa hiki ke uila.
