Nā gratings diffraction - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā
1. Hoʻomālamalama ʻia kahi grating me 4000 mau ʻāpana no ke kenimika me kahi kukui monochromatic a hoʻopuka i ka laina ʻālohilohi lua-papa ma kahi kihi 30°. He aha ka nalu o ke kukui i hoʻohana ʻia? (1 Å = 10 -10 m)
ʻIke ʻia:
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻoki (d) = 1 / (4000 ʻoki / kenimika) = 0.00025 kenimika = 2.5 x 10 -4 kenimika = 2.5 x 10 -6 mika
Kauoha (n) = 2
Sin 30 o = 0.5
1 Å = 10 -10 m
Makemake ʻia: Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ke kukui (λ)
Lōlā:
2. Kuʻi kahi kukui monochromatic me ka nalu o 2.5 × 10 -7 m i kahi grating nona nā 10,000 slits/cm. E hoʻoholo i nā kūlana angular o ka laina ʻālohilohi lua.
ʻIke ʻia:
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻoki (d) = 1 / (10,000 ʻoki / kenimika) = 0.0001 kenimika = 1 x 10 -4 kenimika = 1 x 10 -6 m
Kauoha (n) = 2
Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu (λ) = 2.5 x 10 -7 m
Makemake ʻia: Huina (θ)
Lōlā:
3. Kuʻi kahi kukui monochromatic me ka nalu o 5.10 -7 m i kahi grating. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻoki a me ka pale nānā he 2 m, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o ka lihi ʻekolu a me ka lihi waena he 150 cm. E hoʻoholo i ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻoki.
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu (λ) = 5 x 10 -7 m
l = 2 mika
n = 3
y = 150 kenimika = 1.5 mika
Makemake ʻia: ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻoki
Lōlā:
hewa θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = 1.5 / 2 = 0.75 = 75 x 10 -2
Ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻoki:
d sin θ = n λ
d (75.10 -2 ) = (3)(5.10 -7 )
d (75.10 -2 ) = 15.10 -7
d = (15.10 -7 ) / (75.10 -2 )
d = (15/75).10 -5
d = (1/5)(10 -5 ) m
d = (0.2)(10 -5 ) m
d = 2.10 -6 mika
4. Hoʻokuʻi kahi kukui monochromatic me ka nalu o 500 nm (1 nano = 10 -9 ) i kahi grating a hana i ka laina ʻālohilohi ʻehā ma kahi kihi 30°. E hoʻoholo i ka helu o nā ʻoki no ke kenimika.
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 4
Makemake ʻia: ka helu o nā ʻoki no ke kenimika
Lōlā:
Ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻoki:
d sin θ = n λ
d (sin 30 o ) = (4)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 20.10 -7
d = (20.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 40.10 -7
d = 4.10 -6 mika
Helu o nā ʻoki no ke kenimika:
x = 1 / 4.10 -6 mika
x = 0.25.10 6 / m
x = 0.25.10 6 / 10 2 kenimika
x = 0.25.10 4 / kenimika
x = 25.10 2 / kenimika
x = 2500 / kenimika
5. Hoʻokuʻi kahi kukui monochromatic me ka nalu o 500 nm (1 nm = 10 -9 m) i kahi grating a hana i ka laina ʻālohilohi lua-papa ma kahi kihi 30°. E hoʻoholo i ka helu o nā ʻoki no ke kenimika.
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 2
Makemake ʻia: ka helu o nā ʻoki no ke kenimika
Lōlā:
Ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻoki:
d sin θ = n λ
d (sin 30 o ) = (2)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 10.10 -7
d = (10.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 20.10 -7
d = 2.10 -6 mika
Helu o nā ʻoki no ke kenimika:
x = 1 / d
x = 1 / 2.10 -6 mika
x = 0.5.10 6 / 1 mika
x = 0.5.10 6 / 10 2 kenimika
x = 0.5.10 4 / kenimika
x = 5.10 3 / kenimika
x = 5000 / kenimika
20 mau nīnau manaʻo a me nā pane e pili ana i ka diffraction grating:
1. Nīnau: He aha ka diffraction grating?
Pane: He ʻāpana optical ka diffraction grating me kahi ʻano periodic, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻopuehu i ka mālamalama i loko o kekahi mau kukuna e hele ana ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole.
2. Nīnau: Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ka diffraction grating mai kahi pālua ʻoki?
Pane: ʻOiai ʻo nā mea ʻelua ke kumu o ka diffraction, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā slits (a i ʻole nā laina) o kahi grating no kēlā me kēia lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, e hana ana i nā kukuna diffracted hou aʻe a me ka hoʻokaʻawale spectral maopopo.
3. Nīnau: No ke aha he mea koʻikoʻi nā kaʻawale ma waena o nā laina grating?
Pane: Hoʻoholo nā kaʻawale i nā kihi e hoʻohuli ʻia ai nā nalu like ʻole o ka mālamalama, a laila e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hoʻonā a me ka moakāka o ka spectrum i hana ʻia.
4. Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai ke kihi diffraction i ka nalu o ka mālamalama?
Pane: Hāʻawi ʻia ka pilina e ka hoʻohālikelike grating: ��=�sin� , kahi ʻo ke ʻano o ka diffraction, ʻo ka nalu, ʻo ka grating spacing, a ʻo ke kihi diffraction.
6. Nīnau: No ke aha i ʻokoʻa ai nā kala/nā nalu like ʻole ma nā kihi like ʻole?
Pane: No ka mea, ua like pololei ke kihi diffraction ( ) me ka nalu ( ), ʻoi aku ka diffract o nā nalu lōʻihi (e like me ka ʻulaʻula) ma mua o nā mea pōkole (e like me ka polū).
7. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻoki (a i ʻole nā laina) i loko o kahi grating diffraction i ke ʻano?
Pane: ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā slits e hoʻokala i ka diffraction maxima, e hoʻonui ana i ka hoʻonā o ka spectrum.
8. Nīnau: He aha ke ʻano o ka mana hoʻonā o kahi grating?
Pane: ʻO ka mana hoʻonā ka hiki o ka grating ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ʻelua mau nalu lōʻihi e pili kokoke ana. Hoʻonui ia me nā laina hou aʻe a me nā kauoha diffraction kiʻekiʻe.
9. Nīnau: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā gratings diffraction me nā ʻano nalu ʻē aʻe ma waho aʻe o ka mālamalama?
Pane: ʻAe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me kekahi hanana nalu, me nā nalu kani a me nā kukuna X.
10. Nīnau: Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o kahi grating hoʻoili mai kahi grating hōʻike?
Pane: I loko o kahi grating hoʻoili, hele ka mālamalama ma o ka mea grating, ʻoiai i loko o kahi grating reflection, hōʻike ʻia ka mālamalama mai ka ʻili grating.
11. Nīnau: He aha nā ʻūpā i puhi ʻia?
Pane: ʻO nā gratings i puhi ʻia he mau gratings hoʻohuli kahi i kihi ʻia ai nā ʻauwaha (a i ʻole i puhi ʻia) e kuhikuhi i ka hapa nui o ka ikehu i kahi kauoha diffraction kikoʻī, e hoʻonui ana i ka pono.
12. Nīnau: No ke aha he mea nui ka nui o ke awāwa o kahi grating (nā laina no mm)?
Pane: ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā awāwa e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana a me ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka grating. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mānoanoa o nā awāwa e alakaʻi pinepine ai i nā hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe.
13. Nīnau: Pehea e hana ai kahi grating i kahi spectrum?
Pane: Ke launa pū ke kukui keʻokeʻo me kahi grating, hoʻopuehu kēlā me kēia nalu ma kahi kihi kū hoʻokahi, e hoʻolaha ana iā lākou ma kahi ākea e hana i kahi spectrum.
14. Nīnau: No ke aha e pili ai nā kauoha diffraction kiʻekiʻe kekahi me kekahi?
Pane: No nā nalu like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia nā kauoha kiʻekiʻe ma nā kihi e kūlike me nā kauoha haʻahaʻa o nā nalu ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i nā spectra overlapping.
15. Nīnau: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi grating e aʻo ai i nā nalu ʻike ʻole ʻia?
Pane: ʻAe, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā gratings no nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka spectrum electromagnetic, me ka ultraviolet a me ka infrared.
16. Nīnau: He aha ke kuleana o ka mea grating i nā ʻano diffraction?
Pane: Hiki i nā waiwai o nā mea ke hoʻopilikia i ka pono o nā kauoha diffraction like ʻole a hoʻoholo i ka laulā nalu no ka mea i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ai ka grating.
17. Nīnau: Pehea e hana ʻia ai kahi grating diffraction holographic?
Pane: Hana ʻia nā gratings Holographic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻopilikia mai ka mālamalama laser, ma mua o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā grooves, e hopena ana i ka mālamalama hele hewa ʻole a me nā spectra maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.
18. Nīnau: No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka zero-order?
Pane: ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa o ka zero-order e pili ana i ka mālamalama undifracted. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia e pālahalaha nui e like me nā kauoha diffracted, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona ikaika.
19. Nīnau: Hiki i nā gratings ke hana me ka mālamalama polarized?
Pane: ʻAe, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka pono diffraction a me ke ʻano ma muli o ke kūlana polarization o ke kukui i hoʻopili ʻia.
20. Nīnau: No ke aha i loaʻa ai nā pono o nā gratings ma mua o nā prisms no ka spectroscopy?
Pane: Hiki i nā gratings ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻonā maikaʻi aʻe, ka hoʻopuehu linear o nā nalu, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka mālamalama ma waena o ka spectrum i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā prisms.
He mea nui nā gratings diffraction i ka noiʻi optical a me nā noi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka spectroscopy, e ʻae ana i ka noiʻi kikoʻī ʻana o nā ʻāpana spectral o ka mālamalama.
