Eia ka ʻatikala āu i noi ai: — Pehea e ʻike ai i nā hui organik ʻO nā hui organik, i haku ʻia me ke kalapona, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ko kākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa lākou i nā mea āpau mai ka meaʻai a i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kemika ʻoihana a i nā meaola ola. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā hui organik e pono pinepine ai… E heluhelu hou aku
Nā Kumu e Hoʻopilikia ana i ke Kaulike Kemika He kūlana koʻikoʻi ke kaulike kemika i nā ʻano hana kemika like ʻole, ma ka hale hana a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻokō ʻia kēia kaulike ke like ka wikiwiki o ka hana i mua me ka wikiwiki o ka hana i hope, me ka nui o nā mea hana a me nā huahana e mau ana. ʻOiai ke ʻano he kūlana paʻa, ʻo ke kaulike kemika he kūlana hoʻomau mau… E heluhelu hou aku
Nā ʻenehana loiloi Mass Spectroscopy: Nā Kumumanaʻo, Nā Noi, a me nā Hoʻomohala ʻO ka mass spectroscopy, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo mass spectrometry (MS), he ʻenehana loiloi i hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka nui o nā molekala a hoʻoholo i ka haku mele kemika o kahi laʻana. Ua lilo kēia ʻenehana i mea hana koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻano ʻepekema like ʻole, me ke kemika, biology, a me ka ʻepekema mea. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā kumumanaʻo kumu, nā noi, a… Heluhelu hou aku
He aha ka hopena paʻa? ʻO ka hopena he hui like i loaʻa i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau mea. ʻO ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka solute, a ʻo ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe iā ia ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka solvent. ʻO kahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi i ka kemika hopena ʻo ia ka hopena paʻa. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā hohonu mākou i ke ʻano o ka hopena paʻa, pehea e hana ʻia ai, kona mau ʻano, a me kāna mau noi ma... E heluhelu hou aku
Ke Hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā Isotopes, Isobars, a me Isotones ʻO ka mea a me ka ikehu ʻelua mau kia koʻikoʻi o ka physics a me ke kemika. I ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke pakele i ke kumumanaʻo kumu o nā ʻātoma. ʻO nā ʻātoma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o kahi mea hiki ke komo i nā hopena kemika. Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana atomika nā ʻāpana subatomic e like me nā protons, neutrons, a me nā electrons. Eia naʻe, i ka wā… E heluhelu hou aku
Kaʻina Hana Electrolysis o ka NaCl Solution ʻO ka Electrolysis kahi hana kemika kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai kahi au uila e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hopena ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka electrolysis ʻo ia ka electrolysis o ka sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka electrolysis o nā NaCl solutions i ka ʻoihana e hana i ke kinoea chlorine (Cl2) a me ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ʻelua mau mea nui i nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo… E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO nā Radioisotopes he mau isotopes paʻa ʻole o nā mea kemika e palaho ana i ka radioactive, e hoʻopuka ana i ka radiation ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana alpha, beta, a i ʻole gamma. He nui nā noi o nā Radioisotopes ma nā ʻano he nui, me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka noiʻi ʻepekema, a me ka ʻoihana. E nānā pono kēia ʻatikala i nā hoʻohana ʻoihana o nā radioisotopes, me… E heluhelu hou aku
He aha nā hōʻailona waikawa-kumu kūlohelohe? Hoʻolauna ʻO kahi hōʻailona waikawa-kumu kahi mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo ai i ka acidity a i ʻole alkalinity o kahi hopena. I ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, hālāwai pinepine mākou me nā ʻano hoʻohana like ʻole no ke ana ʻana i ka pH o kahi wai, inā paha ma nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, nā hale, a i ʻole ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me ka mea inu. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā hōʻailona waikawa-kumu i hoʻohana ʻia he mau mea kemika... E heluhelu hou aku
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōʻino o ke Kumu Hoʻohālike Atomika a Dalton: He Loiloi Holoʻokoʻa ʻO nā kumu hoʻohālike atomika ke kumu o ke kumumanaʻo kemika hou, a ʻo kekahi o nā mea mua loa a koʻikoʻi loa ʻo ke kumu hoʻohālike atomika a Dalton. Ua hāpai ʻia e John Dalton i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ua lilo kēia kumumanaʻo i kumu koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka kemika. Eia naʻe, e like me nā kumumanaʻo ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kumu hoʻohālike a Dalton… E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO nā metala hoʻololi he hui o nā mea kemika me nā waiwai kū hoʻokahi i mea nui i nā ʻano hana ʻoihana, ʻenehana, a me nā noi olaola like ʻole. Aia nā metala hoʻololi ma ka poloka d o ka papa periodic, nona nā hui 3 a hiki i ka 12. Loaʻa ka inoa "metala hoʻololi" mai ka hiki o kēia mau mea ke hana i nā ion me nā kekelē like ʻole o... E heluhelu hou aku