Nā ʻAno o nā Kaʻina Hana Waha
ʻO ke ʻoki waha kahi lālā o ke kauka niho e kālele ana i nā kaʻina hana ʻoki ma ka waha, ka ʻauwae, ka maka, a me nā ʻiʻo kākoʻo. Hana ʻia nā kaʻina hana ʻoki waha e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia like ʻole, mai nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi e like me ka unuhi ʻana i nā niho a hiki i nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī e like me ke ʻoki ʻauwae. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana e nā kauka niho laulā me nā hōʻoia kikoʻī a i ʻole e nā kauka niho loea i ke ʻoki waha a me ka maxillofacial , ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hihia. Eia nā ʻano maʻamau o nā kaʻina hana ʻoki waha, me kā lākou mau pahuhopu a me kahi ʻike holoʻokoʻa o kā lākou mau kaʻina hana.
1. Ka unuhi niho maʻalahi
ʻO ka unuhi maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana i kahi niho i ʻike maopopo ʻia ma ka waha a hiki ke wehe ʻia me ka ʻole o ke ʻoki nui. ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona, me nā niho i hōʻino nui ʻia ma muli o ka caries, nā niho palupalu ma muli o ka maʻi ʻāʻī (periodontitis), a i ʻole nā niho i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma muli o ka haki. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma lalo o ka anesthesia kūloko e hoʻopau i ka ʻeha. E wehe ke kauka niho i ka niho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā a laila e wehe mālie. Ma hope o ka unuhi ʻana o ka niho, noi pinepine ʻia ka mea maʻi e nahu i kahi pad gauze e kōkua i ke koko a pale i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko.
2. Ka wehe ʻana i nā niho paʻakikī (odontectomy)
ʻAʻole e like me ka unuhi maʻalahi, hana ʻia ka unuhi paʻakikī, a i ʻole ka odontectomy, i ka wā e paʻakikī ai ka wehe ʻana i ka niho ma muli o kona kūlana, ke ʻano o ke aʻa, a i ʻole ke ālai ʻia e ka ʻāʻī a me ka iwi. ʻO ka laʻana maʻamau ka wehe ʻana i nā niho naʻauao i pā ʻia (nā molar ʻekolu). Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hiki i ke kauka niho ke hana i kahi ʻoki i loko o nā ʻāʻī, wehe i kahi iwi liʻiliʻi e uhi ana i ka niho, a laila wehe i ka niho me ka ʻole o ka ʻoki a ʻokiʻoki paha i mau ʻāpana e maʻalahi ai ka wehe ʻana. A laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a humuhumu ʻia ka wahi ʻoki. Pono ka Odontectomy i ka hoʻolālā akahele, maʻamau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi panoramic X-ray a i ʻole CBCT e loiloi i ka kokoke o ke aʻa niho i ke aʻalolo a me nā hale a puni.
3. ʻO ke ʻoki niho naʻauao i hoʻopilikia ʻia
Ulu pinepine nā niho naʻauao i ke kekee, paʻa i loko o ka iwi, a i ʻole e puka hapa wale ana, e hōʻeha maʻalahi ai, ka maʻi (pericoronitis), nā lua i nā niho e pili ana, a me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka cyst. ʻO ke ʻoki niho naʻauao i hoʻopilikia ʻia kahi hana maʻamau i ke ʻoki waha. ʻAʻole wale ka pahuhopu e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha akā e pale aku i nā pilikia lōʻihi e like me ka pala o nā molars ʻelua a me ka maʻi ʻāʻī e hoʻi hou ana. Ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, ʻike pinepine nā mea maʻi i ka pehu iki a me ke kaulike, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia me nā ʻūlū anu, nā mea hōʻeha ʻeha, a me ka hoʻomaha kūpono.
4. Apicotomy a me ke ʻoki endodontic
ʻO ka apikotomi kahi hana ʻoki e mālama ai i kahi maʻi a i ʻole ka mumū ma ka piko o ke aʻa niho i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole ʻia ʻoiai ke mālama ʻia ʻana o ke aʻa . Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hana ke kauka i kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāʻī kokoke i ka piko o ke aʻa, a laila wehe i ka ʻiʻo i loaʻa i ka maʻi a ʻokiʻoki i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka piko o ke aʻa. Ma hope iho, hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia ka piko o ke aʻa me kahi mea hoʻopihapiha kūikawā e pale ai i ka liki bacteria. Hiki i kahi apikotomi ke hoʻopakele i kahi niho i unuhi ʻia, ʻoiai inā ua lawa ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka niho e mālama ʻia.
5. ʻOki ʻana a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka abscess (I&D)
Hiki i kahi maʻi niho a ʻāʻī paha ke ulu a lilo i abscess, kahi hōʻiliʻili o ka pus e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻeha ʻūlū, ka pehu ʻana, a i kekahi manawa ke kuni. Inā ʻaʻole pane ka abscess i ka lāʻau lapaʻau wale nō, hiki i kāu kauka ke hana i kahi hana ʻoki a me ka hoʻokahe wai. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia kaʻina hana e hoʻokahe i ka pus e hōʻoluʻolu i ke kaomi a wikiwiki i ka ho'ōla ʻana. Hana pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma lalo o ka anesthesia kūloko. Ke hoʻokahe ʻia ka pus, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wahi a hiki ke kau ʻia kahi hoʻokahe wai no ka manawa pōkole. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka I&D me ka lāʻau antibiotic a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu kumu, e like me ka mālama ʻana i ke aʻa aʻa a i ʻole ka unuhi ʻana i ka niho.
6. ʻOki ʻana o ka periodontal (ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻāʻī)
Hana ʻia ke ʻoki periodontal e mālama i ka maʻi ʻāʻī holomua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā ʻiʻo ʻāʻī, a i ʻole e kākoʻo i ka mālama niho holomua. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me ke ʻoki flap e wehe i ka tartar a me nā ʻiʻo mumū ma lalo o nā ʻāʻī, gingivectomy e wehe i nā ʻiʻo ʻāʻī keu, a me nā kaʻina hana regenerative e paipai i ka ulu hou ʻana o ka iwi kākoʻo. I nā hihia o ka recession gum (receding gums), hiki i nā kauka niho ke hana i nā grafts gum e uhi hou i nā aʻa niho i hōʻike ʻia. He mea nui ke ʻoki periodontal no ka mea he hopena nui ke olakino o ka ʻāʻī i ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi o nā niho.
7. Ke kau ʻana o ka hoʻokomo niho
ʻO kahi implant niho he aʻa niho hana i hana ʻia me ka titanium a i ʻole zirconia i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka iwi ʻauwae e pani i kahi niho nalowale. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he ʻoki waha, no ka mea, pili ia i ka hana ʻana i lua i loko o ka iwi a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi wili implant. Ma hope o ka hui ʻana o ka implant me ka iwi (osseointegration), kau ʻia kahi lei aliʻi, e hoʻihoʻi ana i ka hana nau a me nā aesthetics kokoke i nā niho maoli. ʻAʻole kūpono koke nā maʻi āpau no nā implant—pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka iwi, ke olakino o ka ʻāʻī, nā hana puhipaka, a me nā kūlana olakino e like me ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO nā pono o nā implant ko lākou kūpaʻa a me ka nele o ka pono e wili i nā niho pili, e like me nā alahaka.
8. Hoʻonui iwi a me ka hāpai sinus
I kekahi mau maʻi, ʻaʻole mānoanoa a kiʻekiʻe paha ka iwi ʻauwae e kākoʻo i kahi implant. I kēia kūlana, hiki i ke kauka ke hana i ka hoʻonui iwi (bone grafting) e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka iwi. Hiki ke loaʻa ka mea graft mai ka iwi ponoʻī o ka mea maʻi, kahi iwi hāʻawi, kahi iwi holoholona, a i ʻole kahi mea synthetic palekana. No ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka ʻauwae luna, pono pinepine kahi kaʻina hana sinus lift, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka papahele o ka sinus maxillary a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka graft e hana i kahi iwi kūpono. ʻOiai he mea paʻakikī paha ia, hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka holomua o ke kau ʻana o ka implant i nā hihia o ka lahilahi o ka iwi.
9. Ka wehe ʻana i nā cysts a me nā puʻupuʻu maikaʻi ʻole o ka lua waha
Hiki i nā cysts Odontogenic (e like me nā cysts dentigerous) ke hana a puni nā niho i puka ʻole a i ʻole ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o nā ʻiʻo hana niho. Eia kekahi, hiki ke ulu kekahi mau puʻupuʻu maikaʻi ʻole, e like me nā odontomas. Hana ʻia nā kaʻina hana ʻoki e wehe i kēia mau lesions a pale i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka iwi, ka neʻe ʻana o ka niho, a i ʻole nā maʻi hou. ʻO ka maʻamau, e hoʻouna ke kauka i ka ʻiʻo i wehe ʻia no ka histopathology e hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona. He mea koʻikoʻi ka mālama koke ʻana no ka mea hiki i kekahi mau lesions ke ulu mālie me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona a hiki i ka nui o ka nui.
10. ʻOki hoʻoponopono ʻāwae (ʻoki orthognathic)
ʻO ke ʻoki kino Orthognathic kahi hana e hoʻoponopono ai i nā kaulike ʻole o ka ʻāwae, e like me ka ʻāwae luna e puka nui ana, ka ʻāwae lalo i hoʻokahe ʻia, kahi nahu kūpono ʻole (malocclusion koʻikoʻi), a i ʻole ke ʻano like ʻole o ka maka. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ma ka laulima ʻana me kahi orthodontist a me kahi kauka niho waha. ʻAʻole wale ka ʻoki kino Orthognathic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nani o ka maka akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka nau ʻana, ka ʻōlelo ʻana, a me ka hana hanu ʻana i kekahi mau hihia. Hana ʻia ka hoʻolālā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā X-ray, nā scan 3D, a me nā simulations neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāwae. Hiki i ka hoʻōla ʻana ke hala i kekahi mau pule a i ʻole mau mahina ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ke ʻoki kino.
11. Ka mālama ʻana i nā haki ʻāwae a me nā ʻeha maka
Hiki i nā ʻeha mai nā ulia a i ʻole nā pā ke kumu o ka haki ʻana o ka ʻāwae o luna a i ʻole lalo. ʻO ka mālama ʻana e pili ana i ke kau hou ʻana o ka iwi, ke kau ʻana o ka pā a me ka wili (hoʻopaʻa ʻana i loko o ka hoʻemi hāmama), a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻāwae no ka manawa pōkole e kōkua i ka ho'ōla ʻana. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka haki ʻana, ʻo ia ke hoʻihoʻi i ke kūlana o ka iwi, ka hana nahu, a me ke ʻano o ka maka. He mea nui ka mālama koke ʻana e pale aku i nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻopilikia mau ʻana o ka nahu a i ʻole ka maʻi ma kahi o ka haki.
12. Biopsy a me nā hana hōʻoia ʻoki kino
ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā kaʻina hana ʻoki waha āpau e "mālama" pololei i ka mea maʻi; hana ʻia kekahi e hōʻoia i kahi hōʻailona, e like me ka biopsy o kahi puʻupuʻu, kahi ʻeha i hoʻōla ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole nā ʻiʻo waha i hoʻololi ʻia. Hiki i ka biopsy ke komo i ka wehe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo (incisional) a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i ka lesion holoʻokoʻa (excisional). Kōkua nā hoʻokolohua hale hana e hoʻoholo inā he mumū, benign, a i ʻole malignant paha ka lesion. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike mua ʻana, ʻoiai i nā hihia i manaʻo ʻia e alakaʻi ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai waha.
Pani
ʻOkoʻa loa nā kaʻina hana ʻoki waha, mai ka unuhi ʻana i nā niho a hiki i nā ʻoki ʻāwae paʻakikī. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana kahi pahuhopu kikoʻī: ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kumu o ka maʻi, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana nau ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o nā ʻiʻo kākoʻo, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā nani a me ke ʻano o ke ola. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha nui, ka pehu ʻana, nā niho naʻauao pilikia, nā niho nalowale e pono ai ke pani ʻia, a i ʻole nā ʻeha waha mau, e kūkākūkā me ke kauka niho no ka loiloi. Me ka ʻike kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana i hoʻolālā ʻia, hiki ke hana palekana ʻia ke ʻoki waha a hāʻawi i nā hopena maikaʻi loa.
