Juriya ta Ohmic da ta Non-Ohmic: Bayani Mai Zurfi Game da Manufofi Biyu Na Asali A Cikin Electrophysics
Pengantar
Juriyar lantarki muhimmin ra'ayi ne a fannin electrophysics, wanda aka yi nazari a kai tun bayan gano wutar lantarki. Fahimtar juriya yana taimaka mana wajen tsara da sarrafa nau'ikan na'urori na lantarki iri-iri, tun daga na'urori masu sauƙi kamar kwararan fitila masu haske zuwa na zamani masu rikitarwa kamar kwamfutoci da wayoyin komai da ruwanka. Manyan nau'ikan juriya guda biyu da ake yawan tattaunawa a kansu sune juriyar ohmic da ta non-ohmic. Wannan labarin zai yi cikakken bayani game da waɗannan nau'ikan juriya guda biyu, yadda suke aiki, bambance-bambancensu, da kuma yadda ake amfani da su a duniyar gaske.
Juriyar Ohmic
Ka'idoji na Asali
Juriyar Ohmic ta biyo bayan Dokar Ohm, wadda Georg Simon Ohm ya bayyana a ƙarni na 19. Dokar Ohm ta bayyana cewa ƙarfin lantarki (V) da aka yi amfani da shi ga mai jagoranci yana daidai da wutar lantarki (I) da ke ratsa ta, tare da juriya (R) a matsayin tsayayyen daidaito. A lissafi, an rubuta shi kamar haka:
\[V = I \cdot R \]
A nan, V shine ƙarfin lantarki a cikin volts, I shine wutar lantarki a cikin amperes, kuma R shine juriya a cikin ohms.
Halin hali
Ana siffanta juriyar ohmic ta hanyar dangantaka mai layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu. Wannan yana nufin jadawalin da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu zai zama layi madaidaiciya, tare da juzu'i (gefen) wanda ya dace da ƙimar juriya.
Misali
1. Wayoyin Karfe: Yawancin karafa, kamar jan ƙarfe da aluminum, suna nuna yanayin ohmic a wasu yanayin zafi da ƙarfin lantarki.
2. Resistor: Wani sinadari wanda aka tsara musamman don samun wani ƙimar juriya kuma gabaɗaya yana nuna halayen ohmic.
Aikace-aikace
Ana amfani da juriyar ohmic a aikace-aikace da yawa, daga da'irori masu sauƙi zuwa masu rikitarwa na lantarki. Misali, ana amfani da resistors don daidaita wutar lantarki a da'irori na lantarki, kwararan fitila masu ƙonewa suna nuna juriyar ohmic kusan a ƙananan kwararan lantarki, kuma wayoyin ƙarfe a cikin na'urorin lantarki da yawa suna nuna halayen ohmic.
Juriya Ba Tare Da Ohmic Ba
Ka'idoji na Asali
Juriyar da ba ta da ohm ba ta bin Dokar Ohm. A cikin abubuwan da ba ta da ohm ba, dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu ba ta da layi ɗaya kuma abubuwa daban-daban kamar nau'in abu, zafin jiki, da ƙarfin halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki na iya shafar ta.
Halin hali
Jadawalin ƙarfin lantarki idan aka kwatanta da na yanzu don kayan da ba na ohm ba ba layi madaidaiciya bane, amma yana iya zama lanƙwasa mai rikitarwa. Ana iya bayyana dangantakar da ke tsakanin V da I ta hanyar lissafi mai rikitarwa fiye da Dokar Ohm mai sauƙi.
Misali
1. Diode: Na'urar semiconductor ce da ke ba da damar kwararar wutar lantarki a hanya ɗaya ba a akasin haka ba.
2. Transistor: Na'urar semiconductor da ake amfani da ita don ƙarawa ko sauya siginar lantarki, tare da halaye marasa ohmic.
3. Fitilun LED: Wani misali na na'urar lantarki da ke nuna halayen da ba su da ohmic saboda wutar lantarki ba ta daidaita da ƙarfin lantarki ba.
4. Kayan Semiconductor: A cikin kayan kamar silicon ko germanium, juriya tana canzawa sosai tare da canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki da zafin jiki.
Aikace-aikace
Na'urori marasa ohmic suna da mahimmanci ga fasahar zamani. Abubuwan da ke cikin Semiconductor kamar diodes da transistor sune tushen kusan dukkan na'urorin lantarki a yau, gami da kwamfutoci, wayoyin hannu, da sauran na'urorin sadarwa. Ana amfani da Diodes wajen canza AC-zuwa-DC, kariyar da'ira, da kuma nuna sigina. Ana amfani da Transistors a cikin na'urorin dabaru na dijital, amplifiers na sigina, da sauransu.
Binciken Bambanci
1. Alaƙa tsakanin Wutar Lantarki da Wutar Lantarki
- Ohmic: Linear
- Ba-Ohmic ba: Ba-linear
2. Bin Dokar Ohm
– Ohmik: Ee
- Ba-Ohmic ba: A'a
3. Misalai na Gabaɗaya
- Ohmic: Resistor, waya ta ƙarfe
- Ba-Ohmic ba: Diodes, transistors, kayan semiconductor
4. V da I jadawali
- Ohmic: Layi madaidaiciya
- Ba-Ohmic ba: Lanƙwasa
Abubuwan da ke Shafar Shingayen
– Zafin Jiki: Juriyar karafa tana ƙaruwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, yayin da juriyar semiconductors yawanci ke raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa.
– Kayan Aiki: Kayan da aka yi amfani da su yana tasiri ko kayan aikin ohmic ne ko kuma ba ohmic ba ne.
– Voltage: A cikin kayan da ba na ohmic ba, canje-canje a cikin voltage sau da yawa yana haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin halin yanzu ta hanyar da ba ta layi ba.
– Current: A wasu kayan da ba na ohm ba, ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin current na iya haifar da canji a cikin juriyar kayan.
Kammalawa
Fahimtar bambancin da ke tsakanin juriyar ohmic da rashin ohmic shine mabuɗin tsara da aiwatar da hanyoyin lantarki da lantarki masu inganci da aminci. juriyar ohmic, tare da yanayin layi, tana ba da fahimta mai sauƙi da sauƙi wanda ke da amfani sosai a aikace-aikace da yawa na asali. A gefe guda kuma, juriyar da ba ta ohmic ba, tare da yanayinta mara layi da rikitarwa, tana ba da sassauci da amfani mafi girma a cikin fasahar zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen iko da iko mai ƙarfi na kwararar yanzu.
A cikin duniyar da ke ƙara dogaro da fasaha, fahimtar waɗannan nau'ikan juriya guda biyu ba wai kawai fa'ida ba ce, har ma da buƙatar injiniyoyi, masana kimiyya, da masu fasaha da ke aiki don ƙirƙira da haɓaka fannoni daban-daban na fasaha. Da wannan ilimin, za mu iya yin hasashen, sarrafa, da kuma amfani da kwararar wutar lantarki mafi kyau don ƙirƙirar duniya mai inganci da ci gaba ta fasaha.
