Misalan Tambayoyi 7 na Amfani da Gilashin Ƙara Girma ko Loupe
1. Tsayin abu idan aka lura da shi kai tsaye daga kusa da idon da aka saba gani shine 2 mm. Sannan ana lura da abin ta amfani da gilashin ƙara girma . Idan nisan abin da ke gaban gilashin ƙara girma shine 10 cm, menene tsayin hoton abin da gilashin ƙara girma ya samar? Kusa da idon da aka saba gani shine 25 cm.
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Tsawon abu (h) = 2 mm
Kusa da wurin ido na yau da kullun (N) = 25 cm
Nisa (s) na abu = 10 cm
An tambaya: Kusurwar girman loupe (M)
Amsa:
M = N / s
M = 25 cm / 10 cm
M = sau 2,5
Tsawon hoton abin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen yin amfani da na'urar aunawa shine 2,5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.
2. Mutumin da ke da idanu na yau da kullun yana amfani da gilashin ƙara girma mai tsawon santimita 25 don karanta ƙaramin rubutu. Ƙayyade girman gilashin ƙara girma mai kusurwa lokacin da: (a) idon yana da matsakaicin wurin zama, (b) idon yana da matsakaicin wurin zama.
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Kusa da wurin ido (N) = 25 cm
Tsawon gilashin ƙara girman (f) = 25 cm (tabbatacce saboda gilashin ƙara girman yana da ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa)
Amsa:
(a) Ƙara girman kusurwa (M) na gilashin ƙara girman fuska lokacin da idon yake a matsakaicin wurin zama
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi don ƙara girman kusurwar gilashin ƙara girma lokacin da idon yake a matsakaicin matsayi:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (25 cm / 25 cm) + 1
M = 1 + 1
M = sau 2
Idan idon ya kai matsakaicin matsayi, abubuwa suna bayyana ninki biyu. Misali, tsayin abu idan aka lura da shi kai tsaye daga inda idon yake kusa da shi shine 1 cm. Idan aka lura da shi ta gilashin ƙara girma tare da idon a matsakaicin matsayi, tsayin hoton abu shine 2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.
(b) Ƙara girman kusurwa (M) na gilashin ƙara girman fuska lokacin da idon ya kai matsakaicin wurin zama
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi don ƙara girman kusurwar gilashin ƙara girma idan ido ya fi dacewa da shi:
M = N / f
M = (25 cm / 25 cm)
M = 1
M = sau 1
Girman abu idan aka duba shi ta gilashin ƙara girma inda idon yake a mafi ƙarancin wurin zama daidai yake da girman abin idan aka duba shi kai tsaye daga inda idon yake kusa.
3. Tsayin abu idan aka lura da shi daga kusa da idon da aka saba gani shine 1 cm. A lissafta tsayin hoton idan aka lura da shi ta gilashin ƙara girma tare da tsawon mai da hankali na 10 cm lokacin da: (a) idon yana da matsakaicin wurin zama, (b) idon yana da matsakaicin wurin zama.
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Tsawon abu (h) = 1 cm
Tsawon ma'aunin gilashin ƙara girma (f) = 10 cm
Kusa da wurin ido na yau da kullun (N) = 25 cm
Amsa:
(a) Tsayin inuwar abu lokacin da idon yake a matsakaicin wurin zama
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi don ƙara girman kusurwar gilashin ƙara girma lokacin da idon yake a matsakaicin matsayi:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (25 cm / 10 cm) + 1
M = 2,5 + 1
M = sau 3,5
Tsayin inuwar abu idan aka lura da shi ta amfani da gilashin ƙara girma lokacin da idon yake a matsakaicin wurin zama = 3,5 x 1 cm = 3,5 cm
(b) Tsayin inuwar abu lokacin da idon ya kai matsakaicin wurin zama
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi don ƙara girman kusurwar gilashin ƙara girma idan ido ya fi dacewa da shi:
M = N/f
M = 25 cm / 10 cm
M = sau 2,5
Tsayin inuwar abu idan aka lura da shi ta amfani da gilashin ƙara girma lokacin da idon yake a mafi ƙarancin wurin zama = 2,5 x 1 cm = 2,5 cm
4. Ɗalibi yana amfani da gilashin ƙara girma don lura da wani abu. Idan idon ɗalibi ya kai matsakaicin daidaito, abin yana fuskantar ƙara girma sau 5. Idan wurin da idon yake kusa da ido na yau da kullun shine 25 cm, menene tsawon gilashin ƙara girma?
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Ƙara girman kusurwa (M) = sau 5
Kusa da wurin ido na yau da kullun (N) = 25 cm
An tambaya: Tsawon ma'aunin gilashin ƙara girman
Amsa:
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi don ƙara girman kusurwar gilashin ƙara girma idan ido ya fi dacewa da shi:
M = N/f
5 = 25 cm / f
f = 25 cm / 5
f = 5 cm
Tsawon gilashin ƙara girman kai shine 5 cm.
5. Mutum yana ganin sauro da gilashin ƙara girman jiki mai tsawon inci 15. Idan nisan karatu na yau da kullun na mutumin shine 30 cm, to mafi girman girman gilashin ƙara girman jiki shine...
A. Sau 1,5
B. Sau 2,0
C. Sau 3,0
D. sau 4,0
E. sau 4,5
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Kusa da wurin ido na yau da kullun (N) = 30 cm
Tsawon gilashin ƙara girman kai (f) = 15 cm (tabbatacce saboda gilashin ƙara girman kai ruwan tabarau ne mai lanƙwasa)
Tambaya: Matsakaicin girman gilashin ƙara girma
Amsa:
Girman girman ido yana faruwa ne lokacin da idon yake a matsakaicin matsayi. Girman kusurwar gilashin girma idan idon yana a matsakaicin matsayi:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (30 cm / 15 cm) + 1
M = 2 + 1
M = sau 3
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
6. Mai lura yana amfani da gilashin ƙara girman fuska mai ƙarfin diopters 20 wanda nisan karatu na yau da kullun shine 25 cm. Idan an yi lurar ido ba tare da ya dace ba, girman da ya haifar zai kasance…
A. Sau 2
B. Sau 4
C. Sau 5
D. sau 6
E. sau 8
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Kusa da wurin ido na yau da kullun (N) = 25 cm
Ƙarfin gilashin ƙara girma (P) = diopters 20
An tambaya: Mafi ƙarancin girman gilashin ƙara girma
Amsa:
Tsawon mai ƙara girman magana:
P = 1/f
20 = 1/f
f = 1/20 = mita 0,05 = 5 cm
Girman kusurwar gilashin ƙara girma idan ido ya kai matsakaicin daidaito:
M = N / f
M = (25 cm / 5 cm)
M = sau 5
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
7. Idan muka lura da wani abu ta amfani da gilashin ƙara girma tare da ido a matsakaicin wurin zama, to, wurin da ya dace na abin shine...
Tattaunawa
masauki idanu suna daidaita tsawon mai da hankali na ruwan tabarau Idanu. Domin ganin abubuwa a sarari a nisan da suka bambanta daga ido, tsokoki na ido (tsokoki na ciliary) suna canza lanƙwasa ruwan tabarau, suna canza tsawon ido. Tsawon idon ido yana canzawa dangane da nisan abin da ke tsakanin ido da ido. Don ganin abubuwa masu nisa, tsokoki na ido suna hutawa, suna rage ruwan tabarau kuma suna samar da hoton abin kai tsaye akan retina. Idan tsokoki na ido suka yi sanyi ko kuma suka yi sanyi, idanun ba sa iya ɗaukar nauyinsu sosai.
Akasin haka, don ganin abubuwan da ke kusa, tsokoki na ido suna matsewa, suna ƙara kauri ruwan tabarau, suna rage tsawon mai da hankali, da kuma sanya hoton a bayan wurin mai da hankali (retina). Mafi kusancin nisan da ido zai iya mayar da hankali a kai ana kiransa wurin kusa. Matsakaicin ɗan adam yana da kusan santimita 25. Idan ido ya mayar da hankali kan wani abu a kusa da wurin (25 cm), idon zai iya ɗaukar wuri mafi kyau.
Girman abu da muke gani ya dogara ne da kusurwar da abin ya samar da idanunmu. Abubuwan da ke nesa suna samar da ƙaramin kusurwa da idanunmu, suna sa su yi kama da ƙanƙanta, duk da cewa a zahiri suna da girma. Akasin haka, abubuwan da ke kusa da idanunmu suna samar da babban kusurwa, wanda ke sa su yi kama da girma. Misali, akwai duwatsu biyu masu girma iri ɗaya, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da nisan santimita 50 daga idanunmu da ɗayan kuma yana da nisan santimita 100 daga idanunmu. Duwatsun suna da girma iri ɗaya, amma saboda nisan da ke tsakaninsu ya bambanta, dutsen da ke da nisan santimita 50 daga idanunmu ya ninka girman dutsen da ke da nisan santimita 100 daga idanunmu. Idan muna son ganin abu a sarari, dole ne mu kusantar da shi zuwa idanunmu, kuma mafi kusancin nisan da idanunmu za su iya gani a sarari shine santimita 25. Idan, bayan mun kawo abin kusa da idanunmu zuwa nisan santimita 25, idanunmu har yanzu ba za su iya ganinsa a sarari ba fa? Misali, haruffan da ke da ƙanƙanta sosai, ko da an kusantar da su zuwa nisan santimita 25, idanunmu ba za su iya ganinsu a sarari ba. Domin shawo kan wannan matsala, ana buƙatar gilashin ƙara girma ko kuma loupe.
Gilashin ƙara girma ko ƙara girma mai sauƙi a zahiri ya ƙunshi ruwan tabarau guda biyu masu ratsa jiki, waɗanda aka fi sani da ruwan tabarau masu ratsa jiki, a saman biyu. Wannan nau'in ruwan tabarau ana kiransa ruwan tabarau mai ratsa jiki mai ratsa jiki mai ratsa jiki mai ratsa jiki. Gilashin ƙara girma yana ba mu damar sanya abubuwa kusa da idanunmu, don haka yana samar da babban kusurwar kallo. Domin ido ya daidaita kaɗan ko ya huta, hoton abin dole ne ya kasance a ƙarshen. Wannan na iya faruwa idan abin yana kai tsaye a tsakiyar gilashin ƙara girma, kamar yadda aka nuna a amsar C. Akasin haka, idan ido ya daidaita sosai, hoton dole ne ya kasance a nesa da aƙalla santimita 25 daga ido. Wannan na iya faruwa idan abin yana cikin tsakiyar gilashin ƙara girma, kamar yadda aka nuna a amsar D.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
Tushen tambaya:
Tambayoyin Nazarin Fizik na Ƙasa ga Makarantar Sakandare ta Babbar Sakandare/Makarantar Sakandare ta Sana'a
