Misalai 5 na tambayoyin ruwan tabarau masu ratsa jiki
1. Tsawon ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex (ruwan tabarau mai siffar converging) shine 15 cm. Akwai wani abu mai tsawon cm 5 a gefen hagu na ruwan tabarau. A tantance nisan hoton, girman hoton, tsayin hoton da kuma halayen hoton idan abin ya kai cm 5 daga ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex.
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Tsawon maƙasudi (f) = 15 cm
Tsawon ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex yana da kyau saboda ana wucewa ta wurin hasken haske ko kuma ainihin abin da ke cikin ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex.
Tsawon abu (h) = 5 cm
Nisa (s) na abu = 5 cm
An tambaya : nisan inuwa, girman inuwa, tsayin inuwa da halayen inuwa
Amsa:
Hoton samuwar hoton abu ta hanyar ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa:
Nisa ta hoto (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = -2/15
s' = -15/2 = -7,5 cm
Nisa mai duhu yana nufin cewa inuwa ta kama-da-wane ce ko kuma hasken bai ratsa ta inuwa ba.
Nisa tsakanin hoton da santimita 7,5 ya fi nisan da santimita 5 girma.
Ƙara girman hoto (M):
M = -s'/s = -(-7,5)/5 = 7,5/5 = sau 1,5
Girman hoton da kyau yana nufin cewa hoton ya miƙe ko kuma ba a juya shi ba.
Girman hoton ya fi girman abin sau 1,5.
Tsawon inuwar (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (1,5)5 = 10/3 = 7,5 cm
Tsayin inuwar yana da kyau, ma'ana inuwar tana tsaye ko ba ta juye ba.
Tsawon hoton 7,5 cm ya fi tsayin abu na 5 cm girma.
Halayen inuwa
Dangane da lissafin da ke sama, za a iya kammala da cewa halayen hoton wani abu da aka samar ta hanyar ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa sune:
- haskoki na kama-da-wane ko na haske ba sa ratsawa ta inuwa
– Tsaye ko ba a juye ba
– Girman hoton ko girmansa ya fi ƙasa da girman abin
– Nisa ta hoton ta fi ta abin da ke ciki girma
2. Abu mai tsayin santimita 10 yana da santimita 30 a gaban ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa mai tsawon santimita 15. Lissafa nisan hoton, girman hoton, tsayin hoton da halayen hoton!
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Tsawon maƙasudi (f) = 15 cm
Tsawon ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex yana da kyau saboda ana wucewa ta wurin hasken haske ko kuma ainihin abin da ke cikin ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex.
Tsawon abu (h) = 10 cm
Nisa (s) na abu = 30 cm
An tambaya: Nisa tsakanin inuwa, girman inuwa, tsayin inuwa da halayen inuwa
Amsa:
Hoton samuwar hoton abu ta hanyar ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa:
Nisa ta hoto (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30
s' = 30/1 = 30 cm
Nisa mai kyau ta inuwar yana nufin inuwar gaskiya ce ko kuma inuwar ta wuce ta cikin hasken haske.
Nisa tsakanin inuwar santimita 30 daidai yake da nisan da ke tsakanin abu da santimita 30.
Ƙara girman hoto (M):
M = -s'/s = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1 sau
Girman hoton da alama mara kyau yana nufin hoton ya juya.
Girman 1 yana nufin cewa girman inuwar yayi daidai da girman abin.
Tsawon inuwar (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (-1)10 = -10 cm
Tsawon inuwar yana da korau, ma'ana inuwar ta juye.
Tsayin inuwar shine 10 cm, wanda yayi daidai da tsayin abin, wanda shine 10 cm.
Halayen inuwa
Dangane da lissafin da ke sama, za a iya kammala da cewa halayen hoton wani abu da aka samar ta hanyar ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa sune:
- ainihin haske ko haske yana ratsawa ta inuwa
- baya
– girman inuwar iri ɗaya ne da girman abin
– nisan inuwar iri ɗaya ne da nisan abin
Tambayoyin ruwan tabarau masu convex
1. Abu mai tsayin santimita 5 yana da santimita 10 a gaban ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa mai tsawon santimita 30. A tantance: (a) nisan hoton, (b) girman hoton, (c) tsayin hoton da (d) halayen hoton!
Maɓallin amsawa:
(a) s' = -15 cm
(b) m = 1,5
(c) h' = 7,5 cm
(d) kaddarorin hoton: kama-da-wane, a tsaye, a faɗaɗa
2. Tsawon abin da ke cikin ruwan tabarau mai siffar ƙwallo (convex) shine 10 cm, nisan abin da ke cikin ruwan tabarau mai siffar ƙwallo shine 15 cm, tsayin abin kuma shine 2 cm. Kayyade nisan hoton, girman hoton, tsayin hoton da kuma halayen hoton!
Maɓallin amsawa:
(a) s' = 30 cm
(b) m = -2
(c) h' = -15 cm
(d) kaddarorin hoton: ainihin, juye, faɗaɗa
3. Jarrabawar Ƙasa don Kimiyya don Ƙaramar Makarantar Sakandare C4-P12 Lamba ta 13
Kalli hoton da ke ƙasa! Dangane da bayanan da aka nuna a hoton, tsawon ruwan tabarau shine...
A. 4,5 cm
B. 7,5 cm
C. 10 cm
D. 12 cm
Tattaunawa
Dangane da hoton hanyar haske, an kammala da cewa nau'in ruwan tabarau shine ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa ko ruwan tabarau mai kyau.
An san cewa:
Nisa (s) na abu = 20 cm
Nisa tsakanin inuwar (s') = 30 cm
Tambaya: Tsawon ruwan tabarau (f)
Amsa:
Tsarin ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa:
1/s + 1/s' = 1/f
Bayani game da dabarun da ƙa'idojin sanya hannu:
s = nisan abu (tabbatacce saboda abin yana wucewa ta hanyar hasken da ya faru)
s' = nisan inuwa (tabbatacce saboda inuwar tana wucewa ta cikin hasken haske ko kuma inuwar gaskiya ce)
f = tsawon mai da hankali (mafitar ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa tana da kyau saboda tana ratsa hasken)
Don haka tsawon mai da hankali na ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa (f):
1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60
f = 60/5 = 12 cm
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
4. Jarrabawar Ƙasa ta Kimiyyar Makarantar Sakandare ta 2011 Lambar Tambaya ta 12 - Ruwan tabarau mai kama da Convex
Wani abu yana gaban ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton. Idan tsawon ruwan tabarau ya kai santimita 20, zai...
Ana samar da hoton wani abu da girmansa...
A. Sau 3
B. Sau 2
C. Sau 1,5
D. sau 0,5
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Tsawon ma'aunin ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa (f) = 20 cm
Ana wuce wurin da ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex ke haskakawa ta hanyar hasken haske don haka tsawon ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex ya zama na gaske kuma yana da alama mai kyau.
Nisa (s) na abu = 30 cm
Tambaya: Girman hoton (M)
Amsa:
Kafin a ƙididdige girman hoton, da farko a ƙididdige nisan hoton (s').
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60
s' = 60/1 = 60 cm
Ƙara girman hoto:
M = s'/s = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = sau 2
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
5. EBTANAS-SMP-01-14
Hoton da ke nuna hanyar da ta dace ta haskoki na musamman a cikin ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa shine...
Tattaunawa
Ana kuma kiran ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex da ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa saboda yana tattara haske. Ana kiransa ruwan tabarau mai kyau saboda hasken yana ratsawa ta cikin wurin da ruwan tabarau mai siffar convex yake, yana mai da shi ainihinsa.
A gefe guda kuma, ana kiran ruwan tabarau mai siffar concave da ruwan tabarau mai bambancin haske saboda yana yaɗa haske. Ana kiransa ruwan tabarau mai launin kore saboda hasken ba ya ratsawa ta cikin ruwan tabarau mai siffar concave saboda haske ba ya ratsawa ta cikinsa.
kama-da-wane ne.
Baya ga wannan akwai misalin hoton samuwar hoto a kan ruwan tabarau mai lanƙwasa ta amfani da haskoki uku na musamman.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
