Izinhlobo zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni imishini yezemidlalo nokuthi zenziwa kanjani
Ipulasitiki isibe ngenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu embonini yemishini yezemidlalo yanamuhla. Izizathu zicacile: ipulasitiki ilula kakhulu, iyaguquguquka, ayithinteki (kwezinhlobo ezithile), imelana nokugqwala, futhi ingakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngendlela engabizi kakhulu kunezinye izinto eziningi. Kusukela kumabhola nama-racket kuya ezivikelweni zomzimba, izicathulo, izigqoko zokuzivikela, ngisho nezesekeli ezincane ezifana namabhodlela amanzi kanye nezibambo, izingxenye ezahlukene zemidlalo zithembele ezinhlobonhlobo zepulasitiki ezinezici ezahlukahlukene. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhetha okulungile, abakhiqizi bavame ukufanisa uhlobo lwepulasitiki nomsebenzi womkhiqizo, ukuguquguquka, amandla, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, kanye nenduduzo yomsebenzisi. Ngezansi kunezinhlobo zepulasitiki ezivame ukusetshenziswa emishinini yezemidlalo, kanye nokubuka konke kokuthi zenziwa kanjani.
1) I-Polyethylene (PE): I-HDPE kanye ne-LDPE
I-Polyethylene ingenye yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Emishinini yezemidlalo, i-PE iza emikhayeni emibili emikhulu: i-HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) kanye ne-LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene). I-HDPE ivame ukuba lukhuni, iqine, futhi imelane nokushayisana; kuyilapho i-LDPE iguquguquka futhi inwebeka.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: ama-jerrycan namabhodlela okuphuza ezemidlalo (izingxenye ezithile), izivikelo zokukhanya, izingxenye zezithiyo zokuqeqesha, ama-cone okuqeqesha, ama-simple floats, kanye nezinye izingxenye ze-casing yemishini.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: I-PE ngokuvamile yakhiwa kusetshenziswa ukubumba komjovo wezingxenye eziqinile njengamakhoni, noma ukubumba umjovo wemikhiqizo engenalutho njengamabhodlela. Ekubumbeni umjovo, ipulasitiki iyancibilikiswa ibe yipayipi (i-parison), bese ishaywa ngomoya ocindezelwe odongeni lwesikhunta ukuze kwakhiwe ibhodlela/umkhiqizo ongenalutho. Uma selipholile, isikhunta siyavulwa bese umkhiqizo unqunywa ekukhanyeni okusele.
2) I-Polypropylene (PP)
I-PP yaziwa ngesisindo sayo esincane, ukuqina kwayo okulinganiselwe, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali. Le nto ivame ukukhethwa ngemikhiqizo edinga "ihinji ephilayo," njengesivalo esingavulwa futhi sivalwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokuphuka kalula.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: isikhwama sokuvikela, ibhokisi lokugcina izinto zemidlalo, ezinye izingxenye zesigqoko (izingxenye ezithile), ama-clamp, amabhakede, kanye nezingxenye zemishini yezemidlalo yasekhaya.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: I-PP ivame ukukhiqizwa ngokubumba ngomjovo, njengoba le nqubo ikwazi ukukhiqiza imininingwane eqondile nehambisanayo. Ama-granule e-PP ayashiswa emgqonyeni womshini, afakwe ku-mold, apholiswe, bese ekhishwa. Ukuze kube nezingxenye ezilula nezinde, i-PP ingacutshungulwa futhi nge-extrusion, isibonelo, kumashidi noma kumaphrofayili anqunywa futhi ahlanganiswe.
3) I-Polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC)
I-PVC yaziwa ngamandla ayo kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, futhi ingenziwa iqine noma iguquguquke kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwama-plasticizer. Ngenxa yalokhu kuguquguquka, i-PVC ivame ukutholakala ezintweni ezithile zemidlalo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga izindawo ezingangeni manzi futhi ezilula ukuzihlanza.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: omata bokuzivocavoca abathile, ama-weight padding (ama-dumbbell ane-pad noma ama-barbell), amabhola ejimu angabizi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zophansi lokuzivocavoca.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: I-PVC eguquguqukayo ngokuvamile yenziwa amashidi ngokuyigoqa noma ukuyikhipha, bese isikwa bese ihlanganiswa (ngokuvala ukushisa/iglue). Ukuze uthole ukugqoka noma ukugqoka izibambo, i-PVC ingacutshungulwa ngokufakwa komshini wokubumba noma amasu okubumba ngaphezulu kwe-core eqinile.
4) I-Polyurethane (PU)
I-PU ithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wezemidlalo ngoba ingenziwa ibe yi-foam ethambile, enwebekayo, kodwa eqinile. I-PU ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza isikhumba sokwenziwa samabhola noma amagilavu.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: izicathulo eziphakathi (i-PU foam), i-padding yokuvikela (izivikelo zemilenze, izivikelo zendololwane), i-linings yebhola/yebhasikidi, ama-grips athile, kanye ne-helmet padding.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza: I-PU foam ivame ukukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-polyol nama-isocyanates, okwakha isakhiwo seseli (i-foam). Ingxube ithululelwa ku-mold, inwebeke, bese iqina. Ngesikhumba sokwenziwa, i-PU isetshenziswa njengefilimu/ijazi endwangwini eyisisekelo (i-substrate) kusetshenziswa inqubo yokufaka izingqimba eziningi nokomisa, okuholela endaweni efana nesikhumba kodwa efana kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyinakekela.
5) I-ethylene-vinyl acetate (i-EVA)
I-EVA ifana nenduduzo kanye nokuthungwa. Le nto ilula, iyaguquguquka, futhi inomuncu omuhle kakhulu wokushaqeka, okwenza isetshenziswe kakhulu ezicathulweni nasezingutsheni zokuzivikela.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: ama-midsole/outsole ezicathulo ezithile, amasandali ezemidlalo, ama-protective pad, ama-yoga mat (eminye imikhiqizo), kanye ne-foam yezinye izesekeli.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: I-EVA ivame ukucutshungulwa njenge-foam kusetshenziswa amasu okushisa kanye nama-ejenti okufutha. Amashidi e-foam e-EVA angenziwa ngokubumba okucindezelwayo, noma inqubo yokwenza ishidi, bese kusikwa ngokwemaphethini bese kufakwa i-glue. Kuma-foot ezicathulo, i-EVA ivame ukubumba ngokubumba okujova/okucindezelwayo, bese kuba ngokuqedela njengokusikwa, ukupenda, noma ukufaka ungqimba lwerabha ezindaweni ezidinga ukubamba okuphezulu.
6) I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
I-ABS ihlanganisa ukuqina, amandla, kanye nokumelana nokushayisana. Ubuso bayo kulula futhi ukubuqeda, okuholela ekubukekeni okuhle nokusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, i-ABS ivame ukusetshenziselwa imikhiqizo edinga ukuma okuqondile kanye namandla esakhiwo.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: ingaphandle lama-helmet athile (kuye ngokuthi aklanywe kanjani), ama-casing okuvikela imishini yokuzivocavoca, izingxenye zokukhiya, kanye nezesekeli zezemidlalo ezidinga imininingwane ephezulu.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: I-ABS ivame ukukhiqizwa ngokufaka umjovo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuhle, izingxenye ze-ABS zingadlula ezinqubweni zokuqeda njengokupenda, ukuthungwa, noma ukumboza. Emikhiqizweni ethambile, i-ABS ngezinye izikhathi ihlanganiswa ne-TPE ngokuyimboza.
7) I-Polycarbonate (PC)
I-PC yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo okukhulu nokubonakala kwayo okuphakeme (ingakhanya njengengilazi). Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezivikelweni zobuso noma amalensi okuvikela, kanye nezingxenye ezidinga amandla aphezulu kodwa ezihlala zilula.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: izigqoko zesigqoko, izibuko zezemidlalo, izihlangu zobuso, kanye nezingxenye ezisobala zemishini ethile yezemidlalo.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza: I-PC ivame ukucutshungulwa ngokufaka umjovo wokubumba amalensi/ama-visor kanye nezingxenye zokunemba. Ngemva kokubumba, umkhiqizo uvame ukumbozwa ngesembozo esingaklwebhi noma esilwa nenkungu ngoba i-PC—nakuba iqinile—iklwebheka kalula kunengilazi. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kwenqubo kubalulekile ngoba i-PC iyazwela umswakama futhi idinga ukuthi izinto zome ngaphambi kokubumba.
8) Inayiloni/iPolyamide (PA)
Inayiloni (PA6/PA66) iphumelela kakhulu ekuqineni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini. Izingxenye eziningi zemishini yezemidlalo ezibhekana nokungqubuzana, imithwalo ephindaphindayo, noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu zisebenzisa i-polyamide.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: izingxenye zokubopha (amabhakede), amagiya amancane, izibopho zekhebula, izingxenye zokubopha, izingxenye ezithile zerakhethi, kanye nezinye izingxenye zezicathulo (isb. ama-shank noma iziqiniseko).
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: I-PA ngokuvamile icutshungulwa ngokubumba ngomjovo. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla, i-fiber yengilazi ivame ukungezwa ku-PA-GF. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-PA ingamunca amanzi, ukwakheka komkhiqizo kanye nokulawulwa komswakama wezinto ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezibangela ukuzinza okukhulu kobukhulu.
9) Ama-elastomer e-Thermoplastic (TPE/TPR)
I-TPE iyiqembu lamapulasitiki azwakala njengerabha (enwebekayo), kodwa angacutshungulwa njenge-thermoplastics (encibilikisiwe futhi ibunjwe kabusha). Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukubamba okukhululekile, okungasheleli.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: izibambo ze-racket, izibambo ze-dumbbell, izembozo zezibambo zezintambo ezigxumagxumayo, izivalo ezilula, kanye nezingxenye "zokuthinta okuthambile" emishinini yokufaneleka.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: I-TPE ivame ukwenziwa ngokubumba ngaphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukubumba i-TPE ibe yi-substrate yepulasitiki eqinile (isb., i-PP noma i-ABS) ukuze ibambe kahle. I-TPE ingacutshungulwa futhi ngokubumba okuvamile kwezingxenye ezilodwa njengama-pad amancane noma izembozo.
Ukubuka konke kwezigaba zokukhiqizwa kwemishini yezemidlalo esekwe epulasitiki
Nakuba izinhlobo zepulasitiki kanye nezinqubo zihlukile, ngokuvamile inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa:
1. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakheka kwazo: nquma i-resin, izithasiselo (izibalisi, iziqinisi ze-UV, ama-antioxidants), noma iziqinisekisi (imicu yengilazi).
2. Ukuklama nokwenza isikhunta: Ukuklama umkhiqizo we-3D, ukulingisa ukuhamba kwesikhunta ukuze kujovwe, kanye nokwenza isikhunta.
3. Inqubo yokwakha: ukubumba ngomjovo, ukubumba ngokushaywa, ukubumba ngokucindezelwa, ukukhishwa, noma ukusabela kwe-PU kugwebu.
4. Ukuhlanganisa nokuqeda: iglue, ukushisela nge-ultrasonic, ukufakwa kwebhande, ukupenda/ukumboza, ukufakwa kwefoam, kanye nokuhlolwa kobuhle.
5. Ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokuphepha: ukuhlolwa komthelela, ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa, ukuhlolwa kokumelana nesimo sezulu/i-UV, ukuhlolwa kobuthi/iphunga lemikhiqizo ethinta isikhumba, kanye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu.
I-Penutup
Izinhlobo zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa emishinini yezemidlalo azizona nje izinketho ezishibhile, kodwa kunalokho ziwumphumela wokucabangela ngokucophelela ubunjiniyela. I-EVA ne-PU ziyaphumelela kakhulu ekuthokoziseni nasekududuzeni, i-PC ne-ABS ziyaphumelela kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezivikelayo ezidinga ukuqina, kuyilapho i-PP, i-PE, i-PA, ne-TPE zinikeza amandla esakhiwo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nenduduzo yokubamba. Ngokuqonda izici zepulasitiki ngayinye kanye namasu asetshenziswa ukuyikhiqiza—kusukela ekubumbeni ngomjovo, ekubumbeni ngokushaywa, ekukhipheni, ekubumbeni ngokucindezelwa, kuya ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali ze-PU—singabona ukuthi ukusebenza kwemishini yezemidlalo yesimanje kuthonywa kakhulu yizinto ezintsha ezintweni zokwakha nasekukhiqizeni.
