Izinhlobo Zepulasitiki Ezisetshenziswa Ekupakisheni Kwemithi kanye Nendlela Ezikhiqizwa Ngayo
Ukupakishwa kwemithi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi, ukuzinza, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemithi evela esitshalweni sokukhiqiza kuya esigulini. Ngokungafani nokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yabathengi evamile, ukupakishwa kwemithi kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile: kumele kumelane nokusabela kwezithako ezisebenzayo, kuvikele umswakama nomoya-mpilo, kumelane nokukhanya uma kudingeka, futhi kusekele uhlelo lokuvala oluqinile nolungenamagciwane (lwemikhiqizo ethile). Ipulasitiki ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, njengoba ilula, ithambile, iyonga, futhi ingaklanywa ngezici ezithile zokuvimbela. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinhlobo zepulasitiki ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekupakishweni kwemithi futhi sichaza izinqubo zazo zokukhiqiza.
1) I-HDPE (i-Polyethylene Enobuningi Obuphezulu)
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-HDPE ivame ukusetshenziselwa amabhodlela ethebhulethi/e-capsule, amabhodlela athile esiraphu, kanye nezinye izitsha eziqinile. I-HDPE ikhethwa ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukuqina, ukumelana nokushayisana, kanye nokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali. Kweminye imikhiqizo, i-HDPE ingahlanganiswa nokuvalwa okuvaliwe, ama-desiccant, noma ama-liners ukuze kuvikelwe umswakama kahle.
Izici eziyinhloko:
– Ukumelana okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali
– Izakhiwo zokuvimbela umusi wamanzi zinhle kakhulu
– Ukufiphala kuvame ukuba phezulu kune-LDPE (kungenziwa kufiphala)
- Izinzile futhi ayiqhekeki kalula
Indlela yokukhiqiza ukupakisha kwe-HDPE:
– Ukubumba Okuphumayo (i-EBM): Izinto ze-HDPE ziyancibilikiswa bese zikhishwa zibe yipayipi (i-parison), bese zipheshulwa zibe yisikhunta ukuze kwakhiwe ibhodlela. Le nqubo ifanele amabhodlela amancane kuya kwamakhulu kanye nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
– Ukubumba Okufakwe Umjovo (IBM): I-preform/injection yokuqala yenziwa kuqala, bese ishaywa ibe yisimo sokugcina. I-IBM ivame ukukhiqiza ubukhulu obunembile kanye nezindawo ezibushelelezi.
2) I-LDPE (I-Polyethylene Ephansi Yobuningi)
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-LDPE ivame ukusetshenziselwa amabhodlela e-dropper, amashubhu athile okugcoba, kanye nokupakishwa okudinga ukuguquguquka nokucindezelwa kalula. Embonini yemithi, i-LDPE ivame ukutholakala emabhodleleni e-dropper yamehlo/amakhala kanye nokupakishwa kwesisombululo sangaphandle.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- Kuguquguquka kakhulu kune-HDPE
- Ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali
– Izakhiwo eziphansi zokuvimbela kune-HDPE (ikakhulukazi ngokumelene namagesi)
Indlela yokukhiqiza ukupakisha kwe-LDPE:
– Ukubumba Okufuthayo: Njenge-HDPE, i-LDPE nayo icutshungulwa kabanzi nge-EBM yamabhodlela aguquguqukayo.
– Ukukhipha (Ifilimu/Ishubhu): Ukuze kwenziwe ifilimu noma ishubhu yepulasitiki, i-LDPE iyakhishwa futhi ibunjwe njengoba kudingeka, bese inqunywa futhi ivalwe esigabeni esilandelayo.
3) I-PP (i-Polypropylene)
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-PP isetshenziswa kabanzi emabhodleleni, ezimbozweni zamabhodlela, ezitsheni zokulinganisa, emiphongolweni ethile yesirinji (izingxenye ezingezona ezibalulekile), kanye nezitsha ezidinga ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu. I-PP ivame ukusetshenziswa nasekupakisheni okudlula ezinqubweni ezithile zokuhlanza ngenxa yezinga layo lokuncibilika eliphakeme kune-PE.
Izici eziyinhloko:
– Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu
- Kuqinile futhi kunamandla, kodwa kulula
– Ukumelana okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali
- Kufanelekela izingxenye zokuvala nezesekeli
Indlela yokukhiqiza ukupakisha kwe-PP:
– Ukubumba Ngomjovo: Ama-pellet epulasitiki e-PP ayancibilikiswa bese efakwa esikhumbeni ukuze kudalwe izivalo zamabhodlela, izingxenye zomsabalalisi, noma izipuni zokulinganisa. Le ndlela inikeza ukunemba okuphezulu futhi ifanele izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
– Ukwakha i-thermoforming (kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza): Ishidi le-PP liyashiswa bese lenziwa nge-vacuum/pressure libe yisikhunta.
4) I-PET (i-Polyethylene Terephthalate)
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-PET yaziwa kakhulu ngamabhodlela ayo acacile. Emithini yezokwelapha, i-PET isetshenziselwa amabhodlela esiraphu noma amavithamini, ikakhulukazi lapho ukucaca kokubona kuyinto enhle. Kodwa-ke, ezintweni ezizwela ukukhanya, i-PET idinga ukufakwa umbala (i-amber) noma ihlanganiswe nokupakishwa kwesibili.
Izici eziyinhloko:
– Ukucaca okuphezulu (kungacaca kakhulu)
– Amandla amahle omshini
– Izakhiwo zokuvimbela igesi zingcono kune-PE, yize kusaxhomeke kumklamo kanye nobukhulu.
- Kufanelekela ukuma kwamabhodlela okuzinzile nokucocekile
Indlela yokukhiqiza ukupakisha kwe-PET:
– Ukubumba Kokujikijela Kokwelula (ISBM): Inqubo enezigaba ezimbili: i-preform yenziwa ngokubumba ngomjovo, bese ishiswa bese yelulwa, bese ifuthwa ibe yisikhunta. Ukujikijela kwandisa amandla nokucaca kwebhodlela. I-ISBM ivame kakhulu kumabhodlela e-PET asezingeni eliphezulu.
5) I-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride)
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-PVC ithandwa kakhulu njengento yokubopha ama-blister yamaphilisi nama-capsule. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengefilimu eyisisekelo (ifilimu yokwenza) bese imbozwa nge-aluminium foil (isivalo). Ngemikhiqizo edinga ukuvikelwa okukhulu emhwameni wamanzi nomoya-mpilo, i-PVC ivame ukumbozwa ngezinye izinto zokuvimbela ezifana ne-PVDC noma ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-Aclar (PCTFE).
Izici eziyinhloko:
– Kulula ukubumba (i-thermoform)
– Ukuqina okuhle kobukhulu
– Kodwa-ke, isithiyo somswakama esijwayelekile se-PVC asiphezulu njengesezinto ezikhethekile zokuvimbela.
Indlela yokukhiqiza ukupakisha kwe-PVC:
– Ukwenziwa kwe-Calendering (ukwenziwa kwefilimu): I-resin ye-PVC icutshungulwa ibe amashidi/amafilimu kusetshenziswa ama-calender roller. Ngemva kokuba ifilimu seyakhiwe, ukujiya kanye nekhwalithi yobuso kuyahlolwa.
– Ukulungisa ukushisa: Ifilimu ye-PVC iyashiswa bese yenziwa “iphakethe” le-blister elinesikhunta.
– Ukuvala: Ngemva kokufakwa kwethebhulethi, i-blister ivalwa nge-aluminium foil ngenqubo yokuvala ukushisa.
6) I-PVDC (i-Polyvinylidene Chloride) njenge-Coating/Laminate
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-PVDC ayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokupakisha ezizimele, kodwa ivame kakhulu njengesembozo esivikelayo kumafilimu e-PVC (i-PVC/PVDC) ukuze kuthuthukiswe isithiyo ngokumelene nomhwamuko wamanzi nomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kubalulekile emithini ethambile noma ezwelayo.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- Umphunga wamanzi omuhle kakhulu kanye nesithiyo segesi
- Khulisa impilo yeshelufu yomkhiqizo
– Ngokuvamile kuvela njengesembozo noma i-laminate
Indlela yokukhiqiza i-PVDC ku-blister:
– Ukugqoka/Ukubopha: I-PVDC ifakwa njengesendlalelo phezu kwefilimu eyisisekelo (isb. i-PVC) kusetshenziswa indlela ethile yokugqoka, bese yomiswa bese iqiniswa ukuze inamathele ngokuqinile nangokulinganayo.
7) I-PCTFE (i-Polychlorotrifluoroethylene) / i-Aclar
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-PCTFE (evame ukwaziwa ngegama lomkhiqizo i-Aclar) isetshenziselwa ama-blister anezivimbelo eziningi, ikakhulukazi emithini ezwela kakhulu umswakama. Le nto ibiza kakhulu kodwa inikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu, okwenza ithandwe kakhulu emikhiqizweni enenani eliphezulu noma leyo enezingozi zokuzinza.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- Isithiyo somswakama esiphezulu kakhulu
- Ukuqina okuhle
- Kufanelekela izidingo eziqinile zesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Indlela yokukhiqiza:
– Ukushiswa kwefilimu: I-PCTFE ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sokushiswa kwefilimu ezakhiweni zama-blister (isb. i-PVC/PCTFE), bese icutshungulwa ngokushisa nokuvala njenge-blister evamile.
8) I-PS (i-Polystyrene) kanye ne-OPS/HIPS (izinhlobo)
Ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni kwemithi:
I-PS isetshenziselwa izingxenye ezithile ezifana namathileyi, izitsha zesibili, noma izingxenye ezidinga ukuqina nokubukeka okuhlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekupakisheni imithi okuyinhloko kulinganiselwe kakhulu kune-PE/PP/PET ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokuphuka kalula kanye nezakhiwo zayo zokuvimbela eziphansi kunezinto ezikhethekile.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- Kuqinile, kulula
– Kungaba okucacile (i-OPS) noma okumelana kakhulu nokushayisana (ama-HIPS)
- Akufaneleki kangako izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuguquguquka
Indlela yokukhiqiza:
– Ukulungisa ukushisa: Amashidi e-PS ayashiswa bese enziwa amathreyi noma izinto zokufaka.
– Ukubumba ngomjovo: Kwezingxenye ezincane ezidinga ukunemba.
9) Izinhlelo Zokukhiqiza Ukupakisha Imithi: Izigaba Ezibucayi Ngale Kokwakheka Kwepulasitiki
Ngaphezu kokukhetha uhlobo lwepulasitiki kanye nendlela yokwenza, imboni yezemithi isebenzisa izilawuli zenqubo eziqinile. Ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile zifaka:
1. Ukukhethwa kwesigaba semithi: Ama-resin epulasitiki kumele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zokuphepha kanye nokufuduka futhi ahambisane phakathi kwamaqoqo.
2. Ukulawulwa kokungcola: Izindawo zokukhiqiza zingasebenzisa ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezithintana ngqo nemikhiqizo engcolile.
3. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi: Ukuhlolwa kufaka phakathi ubukhulu (ukuphela kwentamo yebhodlela), amandla okuvala, ukuhlolwa kokuvuza, ukujiya kwefilimu, kanye nokuhambisana nokuqukethwe (okungakhishwa/okungakhishwa kwezinye izimo).
4. Ukuhlobisa nokulebula: Amabhodlela angalebula, aphrintiwe, noma afakwe i-emboss. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokwakha kanye noyinki kumele kufanelane nokuvimbela ukungcola nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyafundeka.
5. Uhlelo lokuvala: Izivalo zesikulufu, izivalo ezingamelani nezingane, izivalo ezibonakala sengathi azinazo iziphazamiso, noma ama-induction sealing liner asetshenziswa kabanzi ukuze kuphephe isiguli kanye nobuqotho bomkhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Ipulasitiki iyinsika yokupakisha imithi yesimanje ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo ekwakhiweni, ukusebenza kahle ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zayo zokuvimbela. I-HDPE ne-PP zisetshenziswa kabanzi emabhodleleni nasezikhumbeni ngenxa yamandla azo kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali; I-LDPE ihamba phambili ekupakisheni okuguquguqukayo njengamabhodlela e-dropper; I-PET ikhethwa emabhodleleni acwebezelayo akhangayo; kuyilapho i-PVC, i-PVDC, kanye ne-PCTFE zibusa ama-blister anamazinga ahlukahlukene okuvikela umswakama namagesi. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezifana nokubumba, ukubumba ngomjovo, ukwakheka kwe-thermoforming, kanye ne-lamination/coating ziyisihluthulelo sokubumba ukupakisha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zomsebenzi kanye nekhwalithi.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe sezobuchwepheshe kakhulu (isib., ukwengeza amapharamitha enqubo, imidwebo yokugeleza kokukhiqizwa kwe-blister/ibhodlela, noma ukuxoxa ngokuhlolwa kokuzinza nokuhambisana nokupakishwa) ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zomsebenzi wakho noma zemboni ethile.
