Inqubo Yokugomela Izimvu Kwabaqalayo
Ukugoma kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwempilo yezimvu. Kwabafuyi abasafufusa, amagama athi "isheduli yokugoma," "i-booster," noma "imijovo yokugoma ephoqelekile" ngezinye izikhathi angabonakala edida. Kodwa-ke, inhloso yokugoma ilula kakhulu: ukusiza izimvu zakhe amasosha omzimba ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezingabangela ukufa, ukwehla kwesisindo, izinkinga zokuzala, kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngenqubo yokugoma yezimvu esebenzayo—kusukela ezimisweni eziyisisekelo kanye namasheduli ajwayelekile kuya ekuphathweni nasekugcinweni kwamarekhodi—ngakho kulula ukuyisebenzisa esibayeni.
1. Kungani izimvu zidinga ukugonywa?
Izimvu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhuliswe kakhulu noma kancane kancane, zisengozini yokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo njenge-enterotoxemia, i-tetanus, i-anthrax (kwezinye izindawo ezivamile), kanye nezifo zokuphefumula. Izindlu eziminyene, ukushintsha kokudla okungazelelwe, ukucindezeleka okuvela ekuthuthweni, kanye nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kungenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okwenza izifo zibe sengozini enkulu yokusabalala. Imijovo isebenza "njengomsebenzi wokuqeqesha" isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lapho izimvu kamuva zivezwa yigciwane langempela, imizimba yazo isivele ikulungele ukulwa nalo, okuholela ezimpawini ezincane noma ezingenazo nhlobo izimpawu.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imijovo ayilona ikhambi. Izimvu esezigula kakhulu ngokuvamile ngeke ziphole ekugonyweni zodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukugoma kufanele kubhekwe njengendlela yokuvimbela, hhayi ikhambi.
2. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zezinqubo zokugoma
Ngaphambi kokungena ohlelweni, kunezimiso ezithile eziyisisekelo abafuyi bezilwane abasafufusa okudingeka bazilandele:
1. Ukugoma kuklanyelwe izingozi zesifunda kanye nohlelo lokuzalanisa. Akuzona zonke izindawo ezinengozi efanayo yesifo. Izindawo ezinesifo se-anthrax ezitholakala kalula zidinga ukunakwa okuhlukile kunezindawo ezingezona ezitholakala kalula.
2. Sebenzisa imijovo egunyaziwe futhi ulondoloze uchungechunge lokubanda. Imijovo eminingi kufanele igcinwe ku-2–8°C. Imijovo evezwe ekushiseni noma eqandisini inganciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.
3. Izimvu kumele zibe nempilo enhle uma zigonywa. Izimvu ezinomkhuhlane, uhudo olubi kakhulu, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu kufanele zigonywe.
4. Landela umthamo kanye nendlela yokunikezwa. Eminye imijovo inikezwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ngaphansi kwesikhumba), kanti eminye inikezwa nge-intramuscularly (emisipheni). Ungaqageli.
5. Ama-booster ayimpoqo uma ebonisiwe. Imithi eminingi yokugoma idinga umthamo wokuqala kanye nomthamo wokuqinisa ukuze kwakhiwe amasosha omzimba aqinile.
6. Qopha zonke izenzo. Ukurekhoda kusiza ekuhloleni futhi kwenza kube lula ukuhlela ukugoma okulandelayo.
3. Izinhlobo ezivamile zemithi yokugoma ezimvini
Ensimini, umuthi wokugomela izimvu ovame ukunconywa kakhulu umuthi wokugomela izifo ze-clostridial. Leli qembu lezifo liyingozi kakhulu ngoba lingabangela ukufa okuzumayo.
a) Imithi yokugomela i-Clostridial (isib. i-CDT)
Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:
– I-Enterotoxemia (izinhlobo ze-Clostridium perfringens C no-D), ivame ukwenzeka lapho ukudla okugxile kakhulu noma isabelo esisheshayo sishintsha.
– I-Tetanus (i-Clostridium tetani), evame ukuhlotshaniswa namanxeba, ukuthenwa, noma ukunqunywa komsila.
Eminye imikhiqizo ihlanganisa nezinye i-clostridia (multivalent). Okokuqala, umyalezo oyinhloko uthi: ama-clostridial ayindlela yokugomela "eyisisekelo" edingeka kakhulu.
b) I-Anthrax (uma indawo igcwele abantu / kukhona uhlelo lwenkonzo)
I-anthrax idluliselwa kubantu futhi iyingozi kakhulu. Imithi yokugomela i-anthrax ivame ukulandela izinhlelo zikahulumeni/zezilwane futhi inemithetho eqinile mayelana nokusetshenziswa nokubika.
c) Izifo zokuphefumula nezokuzala (kuye ngokuthi indawo ikuphi)
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokulima, odokotela bezilwane bangase batuse imijovo eyengeziwe ngokwesimo ngasinye, njengaleyo ye-pasteurellosis/pneumonia noma izifo ezithile zokuzala. Akubona bonke abalimi abadinga le mijovo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wezilwane wendawo.
4. Uhlelo lokugoma oluyisisekelo lwabaqalayo (ithempulethi elijwayelekile)
Ithempulethi yeshejuli elandelayo ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesisekelo. Kodwa-ke, ishejuli yokugcina kufanele iqinisekiswe nodokotela wezilwane/wezimo eziphuthumayo wendawo yakho futhi ilungiswe ukuze ivumelane nemikhiqizo yokugoma etholakalayo.
A. Iwundlu
1. Ubudala bamasonto angu-6-8: Umthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugomela i-clostridial.
2. Ubudala bamasonto ayi-10–12: I-Clostridial booster (phinda).
3. Ngemva kwalokho: I-booster yonyaka.
Inothi elibalulekile: Amawundlu athola i-colostrum evela komama abagonyiwe ngokuvamile ane-antibody engasebenzisi i-antibody. Lokhu kungathinta isikhathi sokugonywa kokuqala. Ngakho-ke, amasonto angu-6-8 avame ukubhekwa njengendawo yokuqala ephephile, kodwa imikhuba yendawo ingahluka kancane.
B. Umzali wesifazane (izimvukazi)
1. I-clostridial booster ejwayelekile yonyaka.
2. Emasontweni angu-4-6 ngaphambi kokuzala: I-Clostridial booster yokwandisa ama-antibodies ku-colostrum, ukuze iwundlu lithole isivikelo kusenesikhathi.
Kwabaqalayo, leli cebo langaphambi kokubeletha liwusizo kakhulu ngoba linciphisa ingozi yesifo emawundlwini emasontweni okuqala okuphila.
C. AmaRams
1. I-clostridial booster yonyaka.
2. Imithi yokugoma eyengeziwe ngokwezidingo zesifunda (isibonelo, uma kukhona uhlelo oluthile).
D. Imfuyo emisha engena esibayeni (ukuhlukaniswa)
Ngezimvu ezisanda kuthengwa:
1. Ukuvalelwa yedwa izinsuku eziyi-10-14 (okungenani) ukuze kubhekwe impilo futhi kulungiswe.
2. Goma ngokwesimo sangaphambilini. Uma umlando wokugoma ungacacile, kuvame ukwenziwa uhlelo "lokuqala kabusha": umthamo wokuqala, bese kuba yi-booster ngokwesikhathi somkhiqizo.
3. Hlola futhi izikelemu/i-ectoparasite uma kudingeka, kodwa ungagcini ukucindezeleka okukhulu kanye nesenzo ngosuku olulodwa.
5. Indlela efanele yokuphatha umuthi wokugoma
Amaphutha obuchwepheshe angavimbela umuthi wokugoma ukuthi usebenze kahle. Izinto okufanele uzicabangele:
– Hlola ilebula: umthamo ngekhanda ngalinye, indlela (engaphansi kwesikhumba noma emisipheni), isikhathi sokukhulisa, kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
– Sebenzisa izinaliti ezingenamagciwane: shintsha izinaliti njalo (isib. njalo ngezinaliti ezimbalwa) ukuze unciphise ingozi yamathumba kanye nokudluliswa kwezifo.
– Indawo yokujova: ngokuvamile kwenziwa ohlangothini lwentamo ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo esidunjini/enyameni lapho imvu ihlatshwa.
– Ukuhlanzeka: hlanza ukungcola esikhumbeni/eboyeni uma kudingeka, ikakhulukazi uma ikheji linodaka.
– Ungaxubi imijovo ngaphandle kokuthi umkhiqizo usho ngokuqondile ukuthi kuphephile ukuyixuba. Ukuyixuba ngendlela engafanele kungalimaza umuthi wokugoma.
– Gwema ukucindezeleka ngokweqile: phatha ngokuthula, sebenzisa ikheji lokubamba uma likhona.
6. Ukuphathwa nokugcinwa kwe-cold chain
Imijovo ibucayi kakhulu. Inqubo elula yokugcina engasetshenziswa ngabaqalayo:
1. Gcina umuthi wokugoma esiqandisini esikhethekile (uma kungenzeka), izinga lokushisa libe ngu-2–8°C.
2. Ungagcini emnyango wesiqandisi (izinga lokushisa liyashintshashintsha).
3. Uma uyiyisa ekhejini, sebenzisa ibhokisi elipholile elinephakethe leqhwa.
4. Ungawubeki umjovo elangeni eliqondile.
5. Uma umuthi wokugoma uncibilikisiwe (kwezinhlobo ezithile), sebenzisa ngokwemiyalelo yokusebenzisa.
Imithi yokugoma eyonakele ivame ukungabonakali. Ngakho-ke, ukuhambisana nemithetho yochungechunge olubandayo kusebenza "njengomshwalense" wokuvimbela izindleko zokugoma ezilahlekile.
7. Imiphumela emibi kanye nokwelashwa kwayo
Ngezinye izikhathi kuvela imiphumela emibi emincane, isibonelo:
– iqhubu elincane endaweni yokujova,
- umkhuhlane omncane,
– ukuzola kwesikhashana.
Izimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1-2. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukusabela okubi kakhulu, njengokuphefumula kanzima, ukuvuvukala okukhulu, noma ukuwa ngokushesha ngemva kokugonywa, kungabonisa ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Kulezi zimo, xhumana nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha, njengoba kudingeka ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
8. Ukuqopha nokuhlola
Qaphela okungenani:
– usuku lokugoma,
– igama/uhlobo lomjovo kanye nenombolo yeqoqo,
- umthamo, umzila, kanye nesikhulu esiphethe,
– ubunikazi bemvu (ithegi yendlebe noma izici),
- ishejuli elandelayo yokuqinisa,
– imiphumela emibi uma ikhona.
Ngala marekhodi, abalimi bangahlola ukuthi ukusabalala kwezifo kuyehla yini, ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amaqembu aphuza ukuthola ama-booster, nokuthi kufanele aphinde aqoqe nini imithi yokugoma.
9. Ukugoma akuyona yodwa ikhambi
Impumelelo yokugoma ithonywa kakhulu ukuphathwa kwekheji:
- ukudla okuzinzile kanye nokushintsha kancane kancane kokudla,
- ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwekheji,
- hhayi ukuminyana ngokweqile,
- izinhlelo zokulawula izibungu kanye ne-ectoparasite,
– ukuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo (ukunciphisa ukungena nokuphuma kwabantu/imfuyo).
Ngaphandle kokuphathwa okufanele, ukuqubuka kwezifo kusengavela ngisho noma ngabe sekugonywe.
I-Penutup
Inqubo yokugomela izimvu yabaqalayo iqala ngokugomela "isisekelo" (i-clostridial), ilandelwe yizikhuthazi njengoba kuhleliwe, futhi iqiniswe ngemigomo eyengeziwe uma indawo isengozini noma iqondiswa udokotela wezilwane. Ukuvumelana kubalulekile: imigomo kumele inikezwe izimvu ezinempilo, kusetshenziswa amasu afanele, ukugcina uchungechunge olubandayo, nokugcina ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi okunembile. Uma usaqala nje, yenza ukubonisana nodokotela wezilwane noma isikhulu sezempilo yezilwane sendawo kube yingxenye evamile yenqubo yakho—inqubo engcono kakhulu ihlala ihambisana nezimo zezindlu zendawo yakho kanye nezifo ezivamile.
