Indlela Amatshe Ensimbi Akhishwa Futhi Acutshungulwa Ngayo
Ukukhishwa nokucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi kuyitshe lesisekelo lentuthuko yesimanje yezimboni kanye nomnotho. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhishwe eMhlabeni ziguqulwa zibe izinsimbi eziyigugu ezibalulekile kukho konke kusukela engqalasizinda kanye nemikhiqizo yabathengi kuya kuma-elekthronikhi kanye nezokuthutha. Lesi sihloko sigxila ezinqubweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhishwa nokucubungula izinsimbi zensimbi, sithatha ubunzima kanye nokubaluleka kwalesi sici esibalulekile sokusebenzisa izinsimbi kanye nokumbiwa.
Izisekelo Zensimbi Engacwebezeli
I-ore yensimbi iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo equkethe izinsimbi ezigcwele ngokwanele ezingakhishwa ngokwezomnotho. Lawa ma-ore atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezakhiwo ze-geological futhi ambiwa kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukene okumba kuye ngokujula nendawo yawo, okuhlanganisa ukumbiwa kwemigodi evulekile, ukumbiwa kwemigodi ngaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokumbiwa kwemigodi.
Izindlela Zokukhipha
1. Ukumba Okuvulekile
Ukumba imigodi evulekile kuyindlela yokumba engaphezulu evame ukusetshenziswa ezindizeni ezinkulu ze-ore eduze kobuso boMhlaba. Le ndlela ihilela ukususa inani elikhulu le-overload (inhlabathi namatshe amboze i-ore) ukuze kufinyelelwe i-ore yensimbi. Kusetshenziswa imishini esindayo kanye neziqhumane ukuqhekeza nokususa i-overload, okuveza i-ore engaphansi. Kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu, yize inomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, ishiya imigodi emikhulu kanye nezinqwaba zamatshe angcolile.
2. Ukumba Ngaphansi Komhlaba
Emathunjini e-ore ajulile, kusetshenziswa ukumbiwa komhlaba. Le ndlela ihilela ukumba imigoqo kanye nemigudu ukuze kufinyelelwe amadiphozithi. Izindlela ezahlukene zokumba ngaphansi komhlaba, njengegumbi kanye nensika, ukusika nokugcwalisa, kanye nokuma kwezinga eliphansi, zisetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ku-geometry yomzimba we-ore nendawo. Nakuba ibiza kakhulu futhi ifuna umsebenzi omkhulu kunokumbiwa kwemigodi evulekile, le ndlela ikhethwa kakhulu ngamaminerali anenani eliphezulu atholakala ngaphansi komhlaba.
3. Ukumbiwa Kwezitini Ezibekwe Endaweni
Ukumba imigodi ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide futhi kuhilela ukukhipha izinsimbi ezitsheni ezigcwele amanzi kusetshenziswa amasu asekelwe emanzini. Lezi zindlela zifaka phakathi ukumba, ukucwilisa, kanye nokumba. Lolu hlobo lokumba aluphazamisi kakhulu imvelo, njengoba lungabandakanyi ukumba okuningi noma ukudala imfucuza emikhulu.
Amasu Okucubungula
Uma izinsimbi zensimbi sezimbiwe, zidlula ezinqubweni eziningana zokukhipha nokucwengisisa izinsimbi zibe sesimweni esisebenzisekayo.
1. Ukuchoboza Nokugaya
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekucubungulweni kwe-ore ukuphula i-ore ibe yizicucu ezincane ngokuyichoboza nokuyigaya. Ukuyichoboza kuhilela ukunciphisa i-ore ibe yizicucu, okwenza kube lula ukuyiphatha nokuyicubungula. Ukuyichoboza kuyaqhubeka nokuyichoboza impahla ibe yimpuphu ecolekileyo noma izinhlayiya, kwandisa indawo yobuso yezinqubo ezilandelayo zokuhlukaniswa.
2. Ukugxila
Umgomo wokuhlushwa ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwensimbi kwe-ore. Izindlela eziningana zingasetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa:
– Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamandla Adonsela Phansi: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlukanisa amaminerali ngokusekelwe ekwehlukeni kwamandla adonsela phansi athile. Amathuluzi alula njenge-jigs namatafula okushukumisa asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa i-ore yensimbi eningi kakhulu ezintweni ezilahliwe ezilula.
– Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamagnetic: Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ama-ore aqukethe amaminerali amagnetic. Ama-magnet aqinile asetshenziselwa ukuheha nokususa ama-ore amagnetic emfucumfuceni ongeyona i-magnetic.
– Ukuntanta Okunegwebu: Indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi lapho izinsimbi ezisansimbi zixutshwa namanzi namakhemikhali ukuze kudalwe ingxube enegwebu. Kufakwa amabhamuza omoya, anamathela ezinhlayiyeni zensimbi, okwenza zintante phezulu ukuze kube lula ukuziqoqa. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-ore e-sulfide.
3. Ukuncibilikisa Nokucwenga
Ukuncibilikisa kuyinqubo yokushisa ephezulu ekhipha izinsimbi ematsheni azo ngokushisa nokuncibilikisa. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukwengezwa kwamakhemikhali anjengokugeleza ukusiza ekuhlukaniseni insimbi nokungcola. Izigaba ezibalulekile enkambisweni yokuncibilikisa zifaka phakathi ukuthosa ama-concentrates ukuze kufakwe i-sulfur kanye nokunye ukungcola okuguquguqukayo, kulandelwe ukuncibilikisa esithandweni somlilo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinqubo zokuncibilikisa, njengokuncibilikisa i-blast furnace yensimbi, ukuncibilikisa i-arc kagesi yensimbi nama-alloy, kanye nokuncibilikisa i-flash yethusi. Umphumela uba yinsimbi esaqukethe ukungcola okuqedwa kamuva ngezinqubo zokucwenga.
Ngemva kokuncibilikisa, insimbi iyacwengisiswa ukuze kufezwe ubumsulwa obufunekayo. Ukucwengisiswa kungafaka ukwelashwa nge-electrolytic, lapho insimbi engcolile yenziwa i-anode esitokisini se-electrolytic, bese insimbi emsulwa iqoqana ku-cathode. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kuhlanzwe insimbi.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo kanye Nomnotho
Ukukhishwa nokucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi kuyimisebenzi edinga izinsiza eziningi eletha izinselele ezinkulu zemvelo. Ukuwohloka komhlaba, ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukungcola kwamanzi, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa imvelo kungenye yemiphumela yemvelo. Imithetho eqinile, imikhuba eqhubekayo, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ihlose ukunciphisa le miphumela. Izinkampani ziya ngokuya zisebenzisa izindlela ezinobungani nemvelo njengokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukuphinda usebenzise amanzi, kanye nokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi okuvuselela umhlaba.
Ngokomnotho, imboni yezimayini iwumkhakha obalulekile onegalelo elikhulu emnothweni womhlaba. Imisebenzi ekhiqizwa ezimayini, ezokuthutha, kanye nokukhiqiza insimbi yondla abasebenzi abaningi. Kodwa-ke, amanani entengo yezimpahla ashintshashintshayo, izinguquko zomthetho, kanye nokuncipha kwezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kudala izinselele zomnotho. Ukugcizelelwa kokusebenzisa kabusha izinsimbi kanye nokuthuthukisa ezinye izinto kubhekwa njengezixazululo ezingaba khona zalezi zinselele.
Amathemba Esizayo
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokuguqula isimo sokukhishwa nokucubungula i-ore yensimbi. Ukuzenzakalela kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kwenza imisebenzi yezimayini isebenze kahle futhi iphephe kakhudlwana. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kumasu e-metallurgical kuholela ezindleleni ezingabizi kakhulu nezinobungani nemvelo. Isibonelo, i-biomining isebenzisa ama-microorganism ukukhipha izinsimbi ema-ore, okunciphisa isidingo samakhemikhali aqinile kanye nezinqubo zamandla aphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcizelela okwandayo kwezomnotho ojikelezayo kwenza ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinsimbi kube yinto ebalulekile. Njengoba sishintshela ezixazululweni zamandla ezisimeme, isidingo sezinsimbi ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kanye nezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba siyakhula, okuphoqa imboni ukuthi ihlole izindawo ezintsha zezwe kanye nezindlela zokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha.
Isiphetho
Ukukhishwa nokucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi kwakha umgogodla wemboni yesimanje, okuqhuba intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhula komnotho. Izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi—kusukela ekumbeni nasekuqoqeni izinsimbi kuya ekuncibilikiseni nasekucwengisiseni izinsimbi—ziqokomisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zendabuko kanye nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenkathi izinselele zemvelo nezomnotho ziqhubeka, ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kuthembisa ikusasa elizinzile nelisebenza kahle ekukhishweni nasekucutshungulweni kwensimbi.
