Imiphumela Yokungcola Empilweni Yezilwane
Ukungcola kuyinkinga eqhubekayo yemvelo ethinta impilo yeplanethi yethu, nemiphumela idlulela ngale kwemiphakathi yabantu. Ngokuvamile, ukunaka kwethu kugxile emiphumeleni yokungcola komoya, amanzi, kanye nomhlabathi empilweni yabantu, kuyilapho imiphumela ezilwaneni ivame ukunganakwa. Noma kunjalo, izilwane, zasendle nezifuywayo, zibhekene nezingozi ezinkulu ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokungcola. Lesi sihloko sizoqokomisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcola kanye nendlela ngayinye ethinta ngayo impilo yezilwane.
Ukungcoliswa Komoya kanye Nomphumela Wakho Ezilwaneni
Ukungcoliswa komoya akugcini nje ngokulimaza abantu kodwa futhi kusongela impilo yezilwane. Umoya ongcoliswe yizinto ezingcolisayo njenge-sulfur dioxide (SO2), i-nitrogen dioxide (NO2), i-ozone (O3), kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane kungangena ohlelweni lokuphefumula lwezilwane, okubangela izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo ezifana ne-asthma, i-bronchitis, nezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinezinhlelo zokuphefumula eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izinja, amakati, kanye nemfuyo efana nezinkomo, izimbuzi, nezimvu, zisengozini enkulu yemiphumela emibi yokungcola komoya.
Ezinyonini, ukungcola komoya kunganciphisa ikhono lazo lokuphefumula kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni inani lezinyoni ezindaweni ezingcoliswe kakhulu. Kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu, amazinga okufa kwezinyoni avame ukuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okungcola komoya. Imbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo ingahlotshaniswa namazinga akhuphukile e-tropospheric ozone kanye ne-fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Izilwane ezihlala eduze kwemithombo yokungcola njengezimboni nezindawo zikagesi zivame ukubonisa izimpawu zobuthi bensimbi esindayo, njenge-lead kanye ne-mercury, ezithwalwa umoya ongcolile. Lokhu kugxila kwensimbi esindayo kungabangela ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi, ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa, futhi, ekugcineni, ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukungcoliswa Kwamanzi Nemiphumela Yako Ezinhlanzini Nakwezinye Izidalwa Zasemanzini
Amanzi angumthombo wokuphila kwezinto eziningi eziphilayo eMhlabeni, kodwa ukungcola kwamanzi kusongela ukusinda kwezindawo zemvelo zasemanzini. Ukungcola kwamanzi kuvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imfucuza yezimboni, izibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo, kanye nemfucuza yepulasitiki. Zonke lezi zingcolisi zithinta kakhulu impilo yezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini.
Uma amakhemikhali ayingozi engena emifuleni, emachibini nasezilwandle, athinta ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi anciphise ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo, okubalulekile ekusindeni kwezinhlanzi. Isibonelo, imfucuza yezimboni equkethe amakhemikhali afana nama-PCB (ama-polychlorinated biphenyls) kanye ne-mercury ingaqongelela ezinhlanzini nasezikhwameni, bese idluliselwa kwezinye izilwane noma kubantu abazidlayo. I-mercury eqongelela ezinhlanzini ingabangela izifo ezinkulu zemizwa, ezithinta ikhono lazo lokubhukuda nokuzingela ukudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-eutrophication yinto eyenzeka lapho amanzi amaningi ecebile kakhulu ngezakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezivela kumanyolo kanye nemfucuza, okubangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algae. Lapho lawa ma-algae efa futhi ebola, aqeda umoya-mpilo wamanzi, adale "izindawo ezifile" lapho izinhlanzi eziningi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini zingenakukwazi ukusinda khona.
Ukungcoliswa Komhlaba kanye Nomonakalo Ezindaweni Zemvelo Zezilwane Zasemhlabeni
Ukungcola komhlabathi kubangelwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, imithi yokubulala ukhula, kanye nokulahlwa okungafanele kwemfucuza yezimboni. Inhlabathi engcolisiwe ingamunca amakhemikhali anobuthi, agcina engene ochungechungeni lokudla futhi angene emizimbeni yezilwane. Isibonelo, izinambuzane ezingcolile ngezibulala-zinambuzane zingadliwa yizinyoni noma izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo, bese zidliwa yizilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye. Ukuqongelela kwala makhemikhali ochungechungeni lokudla kungadala imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kokuzala kanye nokulimala kwesibindi nezinso.
Imfuyo edla emasimini angcoliswe ngamakhemikhali nayo isengozini enkulu. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane emuncwa yizitshalo ingangena emizimbeni yezilwane uma zidla utshani obungcolisiwe. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo ezifana nobuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ukukhubazeka kwentuthuko, ngisho nokufa.
Ukungcoliswa Kwepulasitiki kanye Nomphumela Wakho Ezilwaneni Zasendle
Ipulasitiki ingenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokungcoliswa kwemvelo namuhla. Izilwane, ikakhulukazi izinyoni zasolwandle nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, zivame ukuphutha ipulasitiki entantayo noma ebhishi njengokudla. Le pulasitiki ethambile ayigayeki futhi ivame ukuvimba izindlela zokugaya zezilwane, okuholela endlaleni noma ekufeni. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zasolwandle sezike zadla ipulasitiki ngesikhathi esithile.
Izinhlayiya ezincane zepulasitiki, eziyizingcezu ezincane zepulasitiki, zinomthelela obanzi ezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane zepulasitiki zingathathwa kalula yi-plankton, eyakha isisekelo sewebhu yokudla kwasemanzini. Ukusuka lapho, izinhlobo ezincane zepulasitiki zingakhuphuka ochungechungeni lokudla, zithinte izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezidliwa abantu ekugcineni.
Izinyathelo Ezidingekayo Ukunciphisa Umthelela Wokungcola Ezilwaneni
Ukunciphisa umthelela wokungcola ezilwaneni kudinga imizamo yokubambisana evela kumaqembu ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa uhulumeni, imboni, kanye nomphakathi. Okokuqala, imithetho eqinile kanye nokuqiniswa komthetho okusebenzayo kubalulekile ukulawula ukukhishwa kokungcola emvelweni. Izimboni kufanele zikhuthazwe ukuthi zamukele ubuchwepheshe obunobungani nemvelo futhi ziphinde zisebenzise imfucuza yazo eningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imfundo yomphakathi nayo idlala indima ebalulekile kulo mzamo. Umphakathi udinga ukwaziswa ngezingozi zokungcola kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa lokhu empilweni yawo yansuku zonke, njengokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye, ukukhetha imikhiqizo yasekhaya enobungani nemvelo, kanye nokusekela ukulima okungokwemvelo.
Izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo kufanele futhi zigxile ekubuyiseleni izindawo zokuhlala ezingcolile, kungaba amahlathi, imifula, noma ulwandle. Ukuqapha inani lezilwane kanye nocwaningo olwengeziwe ngemiphumela yokungcola empilweni yezilwane kuzosiza ekwakheni amasu asebenza kahle kakhulu okuvikela izilwane zasendle.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi impilo yemvelo kanye nezilwane kuhlobene kakhulu nempilo yabantu. Ukungcola okulimaza imvelo lapho izilwane zihlala khona nakho kuyasithinta. Ngakho-ke, imizamo yokunciphisa ukungcola ayigcini nje ngokuzuzisa izilwane, kodwa futhi nenhlalakahle yethu sonke.
