Amasu Okuphatha Isifo Sikashukela Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe
I-Pendahuluan
Isifo sikashukela ekukhulelweni, esaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, yisimo sezokwelapha lapho owesifazane ongenayo isifo sikashukela ngaphambilini eba namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singaholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezinkulu kumama nomntwana, okuhlanganisa ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphezulu (i-macrosomia), kanye nesidingo sokubeletha ngokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kahle kwesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo kamama nomntwana.
Izimbangela kanye Nezici Zengozi
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ezithinta indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo i-insulin. Elinye lalawo mahomoni yi-lactogen ye-placental yomuntu (hPL), ekhiqizwa yi-placenta. Le hormone ingavimbela ukusebenza kwe-insulin, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte ukusebenza kwe-glucose.
Ezinye izinto ezingabangela ingozi ezingandisa amathuba okuba owesifazane abe nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa zifaka:
1. Umlando Womndeni: Ukuba namalungu omndeni anesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili.
2. Ukukhuluphala: I-High Body Mass Index (BMI) ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
3. Ubudala: Ukukhulelwa eneminyaka engu-25 noma ngaphezulu.
4. Ubuzwe: Ezinye izizwe ezifana nezase-Asia, zase-Afrika, nezaseLatin America zisengozini enkulu.
5. Umlando Womuntu Siqu: Wayenesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini.
Ukuxilongwa
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sivame ukutholakala phakathi kwamasonto angama-24 nama-28 okukhulelwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela ngomlomo (OGTT). Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa impendulo yomzimba wowesifazane okhulelwe kushukela ngokudla uketshezi olunoshukela oluqukethe ushukela, bese kuhlaziywa amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe emahoreni amaningana.
Isu Lokuphatha
1. Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokudla Okulinganiselayo
Ukudla okunempilo kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuphatha isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokudla ezinconywayo:
– Ama-carbohydrate Ayinkimbinkimbi: Yidla ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi njengokusanhlamvu okuphelele nemifino, okugaywa kancane futhi okusiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ezinzile.
– I-Fiber Eningi: Okusanhlamvu okuphelele, izithelo, nemifino eningi i-fiber kungasiza ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini.
– Ifriji elincane lokusanhlamvu: Hlukanisa ukudla kwakho kube yizingxenye ezincane, ezivamile phakathi nosuku ukuze ugweme ukunyuka koshukela egazini.
– Gwema Ushukela Olula: Nciphisa ukudla kwakho ushukela olula nokudla okucutshunguliwe okungabangela ukwanda okusheshayo koshukela egazini.
2. Umsebenzi Womzimba
Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini ngokuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin. Abesifazane abakhulelwe belulekwa ukuba benze umsebenzi womzimba olula kuya kophakathi, njengokuhamba, ukugibela ibhayisikili okungaguquki, noma ukubhukuda, cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
3. Ukuqapha Ushukela Egazini
Ukuqapha ushukela wegazi njalo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-glucose kuhlala ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuqondiwe. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bavame ukwelulekwa ukuthi balinganise amazinga kashukela egazini labo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, kufaka phakathi ngaphambi, ngemva, nangesikhathi sokulala.
4. I-insulini Nemithi
Abanye besifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bangadinga i-insulin noma imithi yomlomo yokulwa nesifo sikashukela uma amazinga kashukela egazini engenakukwazi ukulawulwa ngokudla kanye nomsebenzi womzimba kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin kuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi kusiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini ngempumelelo.
5. Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Okuvamile
Ukubambisana nethimba lochwepheshe bezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa odokotela abaqeqeshwayo, odokotela bezokudla okunempilo, kanye nababelethisi noma odokotela bokubeletha, kubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sekota yesithathu, kuyasiza ekuqapheni ukukhula komntwana kanye nokulungisa ukwelashwa uma kudingeka.
6. Imfundo Nokwelulekwa
Ukuqonda kahle isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kubalulekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Imfundo nokwelulekwa mayelana nokuphathwa, izingozi, ukudla, kanye nomsebenzi womzimba kungathuthukisa ukunamathela ohlelweni lokuphathwa futhi kunciphise ingozi yezinkinga.
Izinkinga Nokuvimbela
Izinkinga ezingaba khona kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa zifaka phakathi umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-preeclampsia, kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo . Ezinganeni, izingozi zifaka phakathi ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izinkinga zokuphefumula, kanye namazinga aphansi kashukela egazini ekuzalweni.
Ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kuyindlela yokuphila enempilo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuhlanganisa nokulawula isisindo, ukudla okunempilo, kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo. Abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa bakhuthazwa ukuba bahlolwe impilo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa ukuze bathole izingozi ezingaba khona futhi baqale ukuvimbela kusenesikhathi.
Isiphetho
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa siyisimo esibucayi, kodwa singaphathwa ngendlela ephelele nehlelekile. Ukuphathwa okuhle, ngokudla okufanele, umsebenzi womzimba ojwayelekile, ukuqapha ushukela egazini, kanye nokusekelwa okwanele kwezokwelapha, kunganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga futhi kuqinisekise impilo enhle kumama nomntwana. Imfundo kanye nokuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kokuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nemindeni yabo nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekufinyeleleni imiphumela emihle. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bangaba nokukhulelwa okunempilo futhi bazale izingane ezinempilo.
