Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Kwemisebenzi
Ukwelashwa Kwabasebenzi kuyisevisi yokunakekelwa kwempilo egxile ekusizeni abantu ukuba benze imisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke (ADL) ngokuzimela, ngokuphephile, nangokunenjongo. Le misebenzi ayigcini "ekusebenzeni" ngomqondo omncane, kodwa ihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi egcwalisa impilo yomuntu yansuku zonke: ukuzinakekela, ukufunda, ukudlala, ukusebenza, kanye nokuhlanganyela empilweni yomphakathi. Ngokwelashwa kwabasebenzi, abantu babo bonke ubudala—izingane, intsha, abantu abadala, kanye nabantu asebekhulile—bangathola ukwesekwa ukuze banqobe izithiyo zomzimba, zokuqonda, zezinzwa, nezengqondo eziphazamisa ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
Kuyini Ukwelashwa Kwemisebenzi?
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi kuyindlela yokungenelela ehlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono okusebenza komuntu ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo eziqondiwe, ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi okusiza, kanye namasu okubuyisela aklanyelwe izidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Abelaphi bomsebenzi abahloli nje kuphela lokho iklayenti elingenakukwenza, kodwa futhi bahlola imigomo yomuntu siqu: ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi abafuna ukuyenza, ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi abafuna ukuyifeza, nokuthi yimiphi imikhuba abafuna ukuyigcina.
Isibonelo, ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zokucubungula izinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomsebenzi kungabasiza ukuthi baphathe izimpendulo zabo emsindweni, ekuthinteni, noma ekushukumiseni ukunyakaza ukuze bakwazi ukufunda nokudlala ngokunethezeka. Ezigulini ezinesifo sohlangothi, ukwelashwa komsebenzi kudlala indima ekuziqeqesheni ukugqoka, ukudla, ukubhala, noma ukubuyela emisebenzini yasekhaya ngokuphephile.
Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Komsebenzi Wokuzimela Kwansuku Zonke
Enye yezinzuzo ezisobala kakhulu zokwelapha emsebenzini ukuzimela okwengeziwe emisebenzini eyisisekelo. Imisebenzi efana nokugeza, ukugqoka, ukukama izinwele, ukudla, ngisho nokushintsha umbhede uye esihlalweni kungaba yinselele kubantu abalimele, abakhubazekile, noma abanezimo eziwohlokayo.
Abelaphi bemisebenzi bazofundisa iziguli amakhono esinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngokwamakhono azo. Ngaphezu kokuqeqeshwa kokunyakaza nokuxhumana, abelaphi baphinde babafundise indlela yokonga amandla, banciphise ingozi yokuwa, futhi basebenzise amadivayisi okusiza (isib., imigoqo yokugeza, izihlalo zokushawa, noma izinsiza zokugqoka amasokisi). Lokhu kuvumela iziguli ukuthi ziphile impilo yazo yansuku zonke ngokuzethemba okukhulu, kuyilapho futhi kunciphisa umthwalo emindenini yazo njengabanakekeli.
Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Kwemisebenzi Ekubuyiseleni Kwezinzwa
Ezimweni zezinzwa ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, isifo sikaParkinson, i-multiple sclerosis, noma ukulimala kwezinzwa, ukwelashwa emsebenzini kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni. Ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa kuvame ukuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwamandla, ukuhlanganiswa, ibhalansi, ukuqonda, ngisho nekhono lokuhlela izenzo (umsebenzi wokuphatha).
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, iziguli zingenza izivivinyo ezivuselela ukusetshenziswa kwezitho ezibuthakathaka, zithuthukise ukuhlangana kwezandla namehlo, ziprakthize amakhono okunyakaza okuhle (isib. ukubamba isipuni, ukunamathisela izinkinobho zehembe), futhi zithuthukise amasu okuqonda okukhumbula, ukugxila, nokuqedela imisebenzi. Umgomo awukhona nje "ukuqinisa imisipha," kodwa futhi ukusiza iziguli ukuthi ziphinde zikwazi ukufeza izindima zazo zokuphila—njengabazali, izisebenzi, abafundi, noma amalungu omphakathi.
Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Kwemisebenzi Yezingane Nokukhula Kwazo Nokuthuthukiswa Kwazo
Ezinganeni, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwemisipha, ukuzimela, kanye nokulungela ukufunda. Izingane ezinokulibaziseka kokukhula, i-autism, i-ADHD, i-Down syndrome, i-cerebral palsy, noma ezinye izinkinga zokufunda zingazuza kakhulu ekwelashweni ngokomsebenzi.
Ukwelapha kungagxila emakhonweni okunyakaza okuhle njengokuphatha ipensela, ukusika, ukunamathisela, noma ukufaka izintambo. Kuphinde kubhekane nokulawulwa kwemizwelo kanye nokucubungula izinzwa: ezinye izingane zizwela kakhulu ekuthinteni noma emsindweni, kanti ezinye zifuna ukunyakaza ngokweqile. Abelaphi bezemisebenzi basebenzisa imisebenzi yokudlala ehlelekile ukusiza izingane ukuthi zithole futhi ziphathe izidingo zazo zezinzwa ukuze zilungele kangcono isikole kanye nokuxhumana nabantu.
Ukuzimela kwezingane nakho kuyinjongo ebalulekile, njengokufunda ukuzigqokisa, ukuzondla, ukubopha izicathulo zazo, noma ukuqoqa amathoyizi. Le misebenzi elula inegalelo elikhulu ekuzethembeni kwengane futhi inciphise ukucindezeleka ohlelweni lomndeni.
Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Kwemisebenzi Empilweni Yengqondo
Akuzona zonke izithiyo zomsebenzi ezivela ezinkingeni zomzimba. Izimo zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, i-bipolar disorder, i-PTSD, noma i-schizophrenia zingaphazamisa ugqozi, ukugxila, imikhuba, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Ukwelashwa komsebenzi kungasiza abantu ukuthi bakhe izakhiwo ezinempilo zansuku zonke, bathuthukise amakhono okubhekana nesimo, futhi babuyele emisebenzini enenjongo.
Abelaphi bemisebenzi bangasiza amaklayenti ekusunguleni imikhuba yokulala, ukuphathwa kwesikhathi, amasu okuphatha ukucindezeleka, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye nokuhlela imisebenzi. Imisebenzi yokudala, ukuqeqeshwa kokuphumula, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi enikeza umuzwa wobungcweti nakho kungaba yingxenye yokungenelela. Umphumela ofiselekayo uwukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza komphakathi, ukukhiqiza, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila, hhayi nje "ukukhululeka ezimpawini."
Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Kwabasebenzi Kwabadala Nezifo Eziwohlokayo
Njengoba sikhula, ingozi yokwehla ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo iyanda. Abantu abadala bangase babe nesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, isifo sokuwohloka komqondo, ukukhubazeka kokubona, izinkinga zokulinganisela, noma ukwehla kwamandla emisipha, konke okungathinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi kusiza abantu abadala ukuba balondoloze ukuzimela kwabo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezifana nokuwa.
Odokotela bezokwelapha banganikeza izivivinyo ezigxile ekulinganiseni nasekuhlanganiseni ukusebenza kahle, bafundise amasu okuhamba ngokuphephile nokudlulisa, futhi baphakamise ukulungiswa kwendawo yasekhaya njengokukhanya okungcono, ukuhlela ifenisha ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezindlela zokuhamba ezingaphazanyiswa, ukusebenzisa omata abangasheleli, kanye nokufaka izikhonkwane ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu. Kwabadala asebekhulile abane-dementia, ukwelashwa komsebenzi nakho kuyasiza ekugcineni imisebenzi ejwayelekile, kube lula imisebenzi, futhi kuhlinzekwe ngamasu okuxhumana kanye nemikhuba eduduzayo.
Ukusiza Abafundi Ukuthola Ukukhiqiza Kabusha Esikoleni Nasemsebenzini
Ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi nakho kuyazuzisa abantu ababuyela esikoleni noma emsebenzini ngemva kokulimala noma ukugula. Odokotela bezokwelapha bangahlola amakhono okusebenza ahlobene nomsebenzi, bathuthukise uhlelo lokuzivocavoca kancane kancane, futhi batuse izinguquko ze-ergonomic ezifana nokulungisa izihlalo, amadeski, amakhibhodi, noma amanye amadivayisi okusiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokukhathala.
Kwezinye izimo, abelaphi bemisebenzi basiza ngokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono athile omsebenzi, ukuphathwa kwamandla (ijubane), kanye namasu okubhekana nokulinganiselwa okuqhubekayo. Umgomo omkhulu ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphephile, ngempumelelo, nangokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokwandisa izimo zempilo.
Indlela Ephelele: Umuntu Ngamunye, Umsebenzi, kanye Nemvelo
Inzuzo yokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi isekuqondeni kwayo okuphelele. Ukwelashwa akubheki nje umzimba kodwa futhi kucabangela ubudlelwano phakathi komuntu ngamunye, imisebenzi ayenzayo, kanye nendawo atholakala kuyo. Abantu ababili abanezifo ezifanayo bangase babe nezinhlelo zokwelapha ezahlukene ngoba imigomo yabo yokuphila, ukwesekwa komndeni, izimo zasekhaya, kanye nezidingo zomsebenzi ziyahlukahluka.
Isibonelo, umuntu olimele esandleni angadinga ukuqeqeshwa ukuze aphinde athole amakhono okuthayipha nokubhala, kanti omunye angadinga amakhono engeziwe okuphatha izitsha zokupheka noma ukunakekela izingane. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha emsebenzini uzolungisa uhlelo ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziza kuqala kumakhasimende ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela izwakala ifanele futhi inethonya.
Isiphetho
Izinzuzo zokwelapha emsebenzini zibanzi: ukwandisa ukuzimela emisebenzini yansuku zonke, ukusiza ukululama kwezinzwa, ukusekela intuthuko yengane, ukuqinisa ukusebenza komphakathi ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo, ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwasebekhulile, kanye nokwenza kube lula ukubuyela ekukhiqizeni esikoleni nasemsebenzini. Ukwelapha emsebenzini kugcizelela imisebenzi ebalulekile kumuntu ngamunye, ngakho inqubo yokuvuselela ayigxili nje ekuzivocavoceni ngokomzimba kodwa futhi nekhono lokuphila impilo eyanelisayo.
Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho nibhekene nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngenxa yezimo zomzimba, zengqondo, zezinzwa, noma zengqondo, ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezokwelapha kungaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nohlelo oluqondiwe, izithiyo eziningi zingalawulwa, okuvumela abantu ukuthi baphinde bathole amandla abo, ukuzimela, kanye nekhono lokuhlanganyela empilweni ngokwendima yabo.
