Amasu Okuvuselela Inhliziyo Nemiphunga
Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo Nezinso (CPR), noma okwaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo Nezinso (CPR), uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ezenziwa lapho umuntu ebhekene nokuma kokuphefumula kanye/noma kwenhliziyo. Lesi simo singabangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuminza, ukuminza, izingozi, ukushaqeka ngogesi, noma izinkinga ezivela ezifweni ezithile. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, i-CPR iyindlela ebalulekile ngoba ingagcina ukugeleza kwegazi okunomoya-mpilo kuya ebuchosheni nasezithweni ezibalulekile kuze kufike usizo lochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela ejwayelekile ye-CPR, izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, kanye namaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwaqaphele.
Incazelo kanye nenhloso ye-CPR
I-CPR ihlose ukufaka esikhundleni sesikhashana umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu ami. Lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukupompa igazi, ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni kuyanqanyulwa. Phakathi nemizuzu engaba ngu-4-6 ngaphandle komoya-mpilo, ingozi yokulimala kobuchopho unomphela iyanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo esisheshayo sibalulekile. I-CPR isiza ukugcina ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokucindezelwa kwesifuba futhi, kwezinye izimo, isiza ukuletha umoya-mpilo ngokuphefumula kokusindisa.
Empeleni, i-CPR ayihlali “ivuselela” isisulu ngokuqondile, kodwa yandisa amathuba okusinda kwesisulu kuze kube yilapho kutholwa ukwelashwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlanza umzimba noma ukunakekelwa okujulile.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokuphepha Ngaphambi Kokusiza
Ngaphambi kokwenza i-CPR, abahlengi kumele bacabangele ukuphepha kwabo, ukuphepha kwesisulu, kanye nendawo ezungezile. Gwema ukwenza ukutakula ezindaweni eziyingozi njengezintambo zikagesi eziveziwe, izindawo zomlilo, noma ithrafikhi enkulu ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha. Lesi simiso sivame ukufingqwa emqondweni othi "umhlengi ophephile, isisulu esiphephile, indawo ephephile."
Isinyathelo sokuqala esinconywayo ukuhlola impendulo yesisulu. Memeza kakhulu, thinta ihlombe lesisulu kancane, bese ubheka noma yikuphi ukusabela, njengokuvula amehlo noma ukunyakaza. Uma isisulu singaphenduli, cela omunye umuntu ngokushesha ukuthi ashayele izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo bese uthola i-AED (Automated External Defibrillator) uma ikhona.
Ukuqaphela Ukuboshwa Kwenhliziyo Nokuboshwa Kokuphefumula
Izimpawu zokuma kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula kubantu abadala ngokuvamile zifaka:
1. Ukungazi lutho noma ukungaphenduli.
2. Ukungaphefumuli ngendlela evamile (kungase kube nokuhefuzela noma ukuphefumula).
3. Akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo (kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abahlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
Kwabahlengikazi abavamile, ukuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuvame ukuba nzima futhi kudla isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, iziqondiso zosizo lokuqala zanamuhla zigcizelela: uma isisulu singazi lutho futhi singaphefumuli kahle, qala ukucindezela isifuba ngokushesha.
Amasu e-CPR Kwabantu Abadala: Izinyathelo Eziyinhloko
I-CPR yabantu abadala ivame ukugxila ekucindezelweni kwesifuba okunamandla nokusheshayo. Uchungechunge oluvame ukusetshenziswa yi-CAB: Ukucindezela, Umoya, Ukuphefumula.
1. Ukucindezelwa Kwesifuba
– Beka isisulu ngomhlane waso endaweni eyisicaba neqinile.
– Guqa eceleni kwesisulu, ulingane nesifuba.
– Beka intende yesandla sokuqala phakathi nesifuba (ngaphezu kwe-sternum), bese ubeka isandla sesibili phezu kwesandla sokuqala bese ubopha iminwe.
– Lungisa izingalo zakho, sebenzisa isisindo somzimba ukucindezela.
Ukujula kokucindezela: cishe amasentimitha angu-5–6 kubantu abadala.
Izinga lokucindezela: izikhathi eziyi-100–120 ngomzuzu.
Isilinganiso sokucindezela kokuphefumula: ukucindezela okungu-30: ukuphefumula okubili (uma wenza ukuphefumula kokusindisa).
Into ebalulekile evame ukulibaleka ukuvumela isifuba sibuyele endaweni yaso yokuqala ngemva kokucindezelwa ngakunye (ukuphindela emuva ngokugcwele). Lokhu kuvumela inhliziyo ukuthi igcwalise igazi ngaphambi kokucindezelwa okulandelayo.
2. Ukuvula Umgwaqo Womoya
Ngemva kokucindezelwa okungu-30, uma umhlengi esekulungele ukunikeza umphefumulo wokuhlenga, vula indlela yokuphefumula usebenzisa indlela yokuphakamisa ikhanda nesilevu:
– Isandla esisodwa sicindezela ibunzi lesisulu ukuze siphakamise ikhanda kancane.
– Iminwe emibili yesinye isandla iphakamisa isilevu sesisulu.
Le ndlela isiza ukuvula indlela yokuphefumula engase ivalwe ulimi kumuntu ongazi lutho. Kodwa-ke, uma kusolwa ukulimala komgogodla womlomo wesibeletho (isibonelo, engozini yemoto), ukuvula indlela yokuphefumula kudinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe, okungcono kakhulu ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe.
3. Ukusindisa Ukuphefumula (Ukuphefumula)
– Vala ikhala lesisulu (cindezela ngomunwe wakho).
– Mboza umlomo wesisulu ngomlomo womhlengi (noma sebenzisa imaski).
– Phefumula cishe umzuzwana owodwa kuze kube yilapho isifuba sesisulu sibonakala siphakama.
– Phinda uphefumule kabili.
Uma abahlengikazi bengaqeqeshiwe, bengakhululekile, noma bengenazo izinto zokuzivikela, i-CPR yezandla kuphela isanconywa kakhulu. Ukucindezela okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo kusanikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile emaminithini abucayi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AED ku-CPR
I-AED iyi-defibrillator ezenzakalelayo ehlaziya isigqi senhliziyo futhi inikeze ukushaqeka kukagesi uma kudingeka. Amacala amaningi okuma kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo abangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi njenge-ventricular fibrillation, kanti i-defibrillation iyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko.
Izindlela ezivamile zokusebenzisa i-AED:
1. Vula i-AED.
2. Namathisela ama-electrode pads ngokwesithombe esisedivayisini (ngokuvamile elilodwa elisesifubeni esiphezulu kwesokudla, elinye ohlangothini olungezansi kwesobunxele).
3. Qiniseka ukuthi akekho othinta isisulu ngenkathi i-AED ihlaziya.
4. Uma i-AED iphakamisa ukushaqeka, qiniseka ukuthi indawo iphephile bese ucindezela inkinobho yokushaqeka (noma idivayisi izoletha ukushaqeka ngokuzenzakalelayo).
5. Qhubeka ne-CPR ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ukushaqeka sekufikile noma uma ukushaqeka kunganconywa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CPR esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-AED ngokushesha okukhulu kuyisici esinqumayo ekusindeni kwesisulu.
I-CPR Ezinganeni Nasezinsaneni (Isifinyezo)
I-CPR ezinganeni nasezinsaneni inezimiso ezifanayo, kodwa amasu ahlukile ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba futhi imbangela yokuma kokuphefumula/kwenhliziyo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zokuphefumula.
Ezinganeni:
– Ukujula kokucindezela cishe kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobubanzi besifuba.
– Isilinganiso sokucindezela kokuphefumula singahluka kuye ngenani labahlengi (ngokuvamile u-30:2 kumhlengi oyedwa, u-15:2 kubahlengi ababili abaqeqeshwe).
Ezinsaneni:
– Ukucindezela kwenziwa ngeminwe emibili (umsizi oyedwa) noma inqubo yezithupha ezimbili ezizungeza isifuba (umsizi ababili).
– Ukujula kokucindezela nakho kuyingxenye yesithathu yobubanzi besifuba somntwana.
Ngenxa yokuthi lo mehluko ubaluleke kakhulu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi abazali, othisha, kanye nabanakekeli baye kosizo lokuqala lwezingane kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwe-CPR.
Amaphutha Avamile Okufanele Uwagweme
Amanye amaphutha avame ukwenzeka lapho kwenziwa i-CPR afaka:
1. Ukulibazisa ukucindezelwa ngoba kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuhlola ukuphefumula noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
2. Ukucindezela kuhamba kancane kakhulu noma kuncane kakhulu.
3. Ukuma kaningi kakhulu, isibonelo ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukungabaza.
4. Ukuma okungalungile kwesandla ukuze sicindezele izimbambo noma isisu.
5. Ukuphefumula kokusindisa kunamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi umoya ungangena esiswini, okwandisa ingozi yokuhlanza.
Ukuzijwayeza njalo kungasiza umsindisi ukuba akhe inkumbulo yemisipha futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yokucindezelwa.
Ukubaluleka Kokuqeqeshwa Nokulungiselela
Nakuba izincazelo ezikulesi sihloko zinganikeza umbono jikelele, amakhono e-CPR amahle kakhulu atholakala ngokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo nomfundisi kanye nomodeli wokuzijwayeza. Ukuqeqeshwa ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi isingeniso kuma-AED, amasu okuminyana, kanye nokulingisa izimo eziphuthumayo ezingokoqobo. Izikhungo eziningi zezempilo, i-Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), izibhedlela, kanye nezinhlangano zokusindisa njalo ziqhuba ukuqeqeshwa kwe-CPR okuqinisekisiwe.
Ezindaweni zokusebenza, ezikoleni, nasezindaweni zomphakathi, ukuba khona kwabasebenzi be-AED kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe yi-CPR kungathuthukisa amazinga okusinda kwezisulu zokuma kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Ukulungela akusiwo umthwalo wemfanelo wabasebenzi bezokwelapha kuphela, kodwa futhi nomphakathi.
I-Penutup
Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo Nezinso (CPR) kuyikhono elibalulekile elingasindisa izimpilo. Isihluthulelo se-CPR ukwenza ngokushesha, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukwenza ukucindezela kwesifuba okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, nokusebenzisa i-AED ngokushesha okukhulu uma kutholakala. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, isibindi sokwenza okuthile kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo olufanele kungaba umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu ukhuthazwa ukuba afunde i-CPR ngokuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni ukuze alungele ukusiza lapho kuvela isimo esibucayi.
