Ukulwela KukaMahatma Gandhi Ukuzimela KwaseNdiya
UMahatma Gandhi, obizwa ngenhlonipho ngokuthi uBaba weSizwe eNdiya, ungomunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu emlandweni womhlaba wonke wokumelana okungenabudlova kanye namalungelo omphakathi. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila ngokuzimela kwamaNdiya ekubusweni yiBrithani kanye nemfundiso yakhe ethi 'Satyagraha'—igama elaqanjwa nguGandhi elisho “amandla eqiniso” noma “amandla omphefumulo”—kwadala uhlelo lwezinhlangano emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sihloko sigxila emzabalazweni kaGandhi omude nonzima wokuzimela kwamaNdiya, sibonakalisa izimiso zakhe, amasu akhe, kanye nezinyathelo ezibalulekile.
Ukuphila Kwasekuqaleni Nohambo LwaseNingizimu Afrika
UMohandas Karamchand Gandhi wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 2, 1869, ePorbandar, idolobha elisogwini endaweni yanamuhla ebizwa ngokuthi iGujarat, eNdiya. Impilo yakhe yokuqala yathonywa ngunina owayezinikele enkolweni kanye nesimo esihlukahlukene samasiko esifundazweni sakubo. Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa kwezomthetho okwesikhashana eLondon, uGandhi wathuthela eNingizimu Afrika ngo-1893 ukuyosebenza njengommeli. KwakuseNingizimu Afrika lapho aqala khona ukubhekana nobandlululo olukhulu ngokohlanga, okwamthinta kakhulu futhi kwashukumisa ukulwa kwakhe nokungabi nabulungisa.
Ukuzalwa kweSatyagraha eNingizimu Afrika
Phakathi neminyaka yakhe engama-21 eNingizimu Afrika, uGandhi waba ngumsunguli womqondo weSatyagraha. Wahlela umphakathi wamaNdiya ukuthi ubhikishe imithetho nezinqubomgomo ezibandlululayo ngezindlela ezingenabudlova. Impumelelo yalezi zinhlangano eNingizimu Afrika yabeka isisekelo semizamo yakhe kamuva eNdiya. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, abantu baseNdiya abahlakazekile bamelana nezinyathelo zokucindezela, njengomthetho wokubhalisa owawufuna wonke amaNdiya, ngisho nezingane, ukuba aphathe ipasipoti yobunikazi.
Ukubuyela eNdiya kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuqala
UGandhi wabuyela eNdiya ngo-1915, eneminyaka engu-45. Wachitha iminyaka yokuqala ehamba ezweni lonke, eqonda ukukhanya kweNdiya yasemakhaya futhi exhumana nabantu abaningi baseNdiya. Ngo-1917, uGandhi wayesevele ehilelekile ezinhlanganweni zeChamparan neKheda, lapho ayesekela khona abalimi be-indigo ngokumelene nezinqubomgomo zomhlaba ezicindezelayo zaseBrithani. Lezi zinhlangano zazibalulekile ekumiseni uGandhi njengomholi wesizwe owayemele abantu abavamile.
Inhlangano Engahambisani Nokubambisana
Ukubulawa Kwabantu eJallianwala Bagh ngo-1919, lapho amasosha aseBrithani abulala khona amakhulu ezakhamuzi zaseNdiya ezingahlomile, kwaba yingqophamlando kuGandhi kanye nenhlangano yokuzimela yamaNdiya. Wabiza iNhlangano Engahlangani Nokubambisana kazwelonke ngo-1920, enxusa amaNdiya ukuba angayinaki izimpahla, izikhungo, kanye nemiklomelo yaseBrithani. Le nhlangano yayihlose ukukhubaza uhulumeni waseBrithani ngokwezomnotho nangokokuziphatha. Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo yokuqala, uGandhi wayivala ngo-1922 ngemuva kokuxabana okunobudlova eChauri Chaura, ehambisana nesimiso sakhe sokungabi nobudlova.
Ukungalaleli Umphakathi kanye Nomkhankaso Kasawoti
Ngo-1930, uGandhi waqala i-Civil Dislobedience Movement, ethatha isinyathelo esinesibindi nge-Salt March (Dandi March). Imithetho yaseBrithani yayibeke intela kasawoti enzima, yaba nomthelela omkhulu kwabampofu. UGandhi, kanye nabalandeli bakhe abangu-78, bahamba amakhilomitha angu-240 besuka eSabarmati Ashram baya edolobhaneni laseDandi elisogwini, bekhiqiza usawoti emanzini olwandle bephikisana nomthetho waseBrithani. Lesi senzo sokungalaleli komphakathi sakhuthaza izigidi zabantu futhi safanekisela ukuqala kokuphela kokubusa kweBrithani eNdiya.
Ukuboshwa Nokuxoxisana
Kuwo wonke umzabalazo wakhe, uGandhi wabhekana nokuboshwa kaningi, okwakhulisa ithonya lakhe kanye nokufinyelela kwenhlangano. Naphezu kokwehluleka, uGandhi wabamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni eziningana neziphathimandla zaseBrithani, njenge-Round Table Conferences. Nakuba lezi zingxoxo zingaholelanga ngqo ekuzimeleni, zazibalulekile ekuphakamiseni iphrofayili yamazwe ngamazwe yezimfuno zeNdiya nokulungiselela uhlaka lwezenzo zesikhathi esizayo.
Inhlangano Yokuyeka I-India
IMpi Yezwe II yanciphisa kakhulu izinsiza zaseBrithani, futhi uGandhi wabamba lesi sikhathi sobuthakathaka. Ngo-1942, waqala i-Quit India Movement ngesikhalo esithi “Do or Die.” Le nhlangano yayifuna ukuba ukubusa kweBrithani kuphele ngokushesha. Impendulo yaseBrithani yayinonya, okwaholela ekuboshweni kwabantu abaningi, kuhlanganise noGandhi. Noma kunjalo, ukuzimisela kwabantu baseNdiya ukuzimela kwaba okuqinile ngokungenakulungiseka.
Izimiso ZikaGandhi Zokungabi Nobudlova Nokuzwana Kwenkolo
Okubalulekile kwifilosofi kaGandhi kwakuwumqondo 'ka-Ahimsa' noma ukungabi nobudlova. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ukumelana okungenabudlova kungaguqula umcindezeli futhi kulethe ushintsho emphakathini ngaphandle kokuchitheka kwegazi. Esinye isisekelo kwakuwukuzinikela kwakhe okungapheli ekuvumelaneni kwenkolo. Phakathi neminyaka enzima eyaholela ekuhlukaneni, uGandhi wasebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze anciphise ukungezwani kwamaHindu namaSulumane, waze wazila ukudla kuze kube sekufeni ukuze avimbele ubudlova bomphakathi.
Indlela Yokuzimela Nokuhlukanisa
Umphumela wemizamo kaGandhi engapheli kanye nomsebenzi wezepolitiki we-Indian National Congress wafezeka ngo-Agasti 15, 1947, lapho i-India ekugcineni ithola inkululeko. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunqoba okukhulu kwaphazanyiswa ukuhlukana kwe-India nePakistan, okwaholela odlameni olukhulu lomphakathi kanye nokufuduka kwabantu. UGandhi waphatheka kabi kakhulu ngokuhlukana kanye nemiphumela ebuhlungu okwayibangela, ezwa sengathi kwakuwukuphambuka embonweni wakhe we-India ebumbene nevumelanayo.
Ifa kanye Nethonya
Umzabalazo kaMahatma Gandhi awuzange nje ulethe inkululeko eNdiya kodwa futhi waphefumulela izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zamalungelo omphakathi kanye nenkululeko. Abantu abanjengoMartin Luther King Jr., uNelson Mandela, kanye noDalai Lama bakhulume ngoGandhi njengethonya elikhulu kumafilosofi namasu abo. Ukuzibophezela kukaGandhi ebulungiseni bezenhlalo, ukuzimela ngokwezomnotho ngokumelela kwakhe uKhadi (indwangu ebhalwe ngesandla), kanye nokugcizelela kwakhe izinhlangano zomphakathi kusabalulekile nanamuhla.
Isiphetho
Ukulwela kukaMahatma Gandhi inkululeko yamaNdiya kwakungeyona nje umkhankaso wezepolitiki kodwa kwakuyimpi ejulile yokuziphatha neyenhlalo. Ukuzinikela kwakhe okungantengantengi ekungadlali naseqinisweni, naphezu kokuzinikela okukhulu komuntu siqu, kwamguqula waba uphawu oluhlala njalo lokumelana ngokuthula. Ngisho nanamuhla, izimiso nezindlela zikaGandhi ziyaqhubeka nokuphefumulela nokuqondisa izinhlangano ezihlose ubulungiswa bezenhlalo nenkululeko emhlabeni wonke. Ifa lakhe liwubufakazi bamandla omoya womuntu kanye nokufuna inkululeko nobulungiswa okuhlala njalo.
