I-Jografi Yezomnotho kanye Nokuhweba Komhlaba
I-Pendahuluan
I-Economic geography igatsha le-geography elifunda ukusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho emhlabeni wonke. Lolu cwaningo luhilela ukuhlaziya izici ezahlukahlukene njengendawo, izinsiza zemvelo , izibalo zabantu, ingqalasizinda, kanye nezinqubomgomo zezomnotho ezithonya umsebenzi wezomnotho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhweba komhlaba wonke ukushintshana kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo phakathi kwamazwe, okwakha ingxenye ebalulekile yobudlelwano bezomnotho womhlaba wonke. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela i-Economic geography ethonya ngayo ukuhweba komhlaba kanye nendlela lokhu kuhweba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuthonya ngayo imephu yezomnotho womhlaba.
I-Jografi Yezomnotho Nokusatshalaliswa Kwemisebenzi Yezomnotho
Indawo yezomnotho idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi imisebenzi ethile yezomnotho ikuphi. Izici ezifana nendawo, ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zemvelo , izimo zezulu, kanye nokutholakala kwengqalasizinda kuthinta kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kwezimboni kanye neminye imisebenzi yezomnotho. Ezinye izifunda zingase zifaneleke kangcono kwezolimo ngenxa yenhlabathi evundile kanye nezimo zezulu ezinhle, kanti ezinye zingase zifaneleke kangcono ekukhiqizeni ngenxa yokuba seduze kwemithombo yezimbiwa kanye nokufinyelela kalula kwezokuthutha zasolwandle.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Ezolimo
Emazweni amaningi asathuthuka , ezolimo ziwumgogodla womnotho. Amazwe afana ne-India, iBrazil, ne-Indonesia anezimo zezulu ezifanele zokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo, kusukela elayisi kuya ekhofini. Izindawo zala mazwe ziwanikeza ithuba eliqhathaniswayo ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yomkhakha wezolimo incike nasezicini ezifana nekhwalithi yomhlabathi , ukufinyelela amanzi, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Ukukhiqiza
Amazwe afana neShayina neJalimane adumile ngezimboni zawo zokukhiqiza. Izindawo ezihlelekile zezwe, izinsizakusebenza zabantu abanamakhono, kanye nengqalasizinda eqinile kudlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwale mikhakha yokukhiqiza. IShayina, isibonelo, isebenzise ukusondela kwayo emizileni yasolwandle yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kube lula ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Indima Yengqalasizinda Ekuhwebeni Komhlaba
Ingqalasizinda enhle iyisici esibalulekile esisekela ukuhweba komhlaba wonke. Ukufinyelela emachwebeni, emigwaqweni, ezitimeleni nasezikhumulweni zezindiza konke kuthinta ikhono lezwe lokuzibandakanya ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Amazwe anengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe ngokuvamile anenani eliphezulu lokuhweba ngoba kulula futhi kushibhile ukuthutha izimpahla nezinsizakalo.
Itheku
Amachweba ayizindawo ezibalulekile zokungena kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Amachweba asebenza kahle angacubungula inqwaba yezimpahla ngokushesha, okunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthutha izimpahla zisuka kwelinye izwe ziye kwelinye. Ichweba laseSingapore kanye nechweba laseRotterdam ziyizibonelo zamachweba asebenza kahle kakhulu adlala indima ebalulekile kwezohwebo lomhlaba.
Imigwaqo Emikhulu kanye Nezitimela
Inethiwekhi eqinile yemigwaqo kanye nesitimela ivumela izimpahla ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo zisuka kubakhiqizi ziye emachwebeni noma ezikhumulweni zezindiza ukuze zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. UMgwaqo iTrans-Java e-Indonesia kanye neTrans-Siberian Railway eRussia ziyizibonelo zengqalasizinda ebalulekile yezokuthutha emhlabeni esekela ukuhweba komhlaba.
I-Bandara
Izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu, njengeDubai International Airport kanye neLondon Heathrow Airport, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi izimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu noma lezo ezidinga ukulethwa ngokushesha. Isivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha emoyeni kwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezimpahla ngokushesha futhi kusekela ukuhweba komhlaba wonke ngemikhiqizo efana nezinto zikagesi, imithi, kanye nezimpahla zikanokusho.
Izici Zezombusazwe Nezomnotho Ezohwebo Lomhlaba
Ngaphezu kwezici zendawo kanye nengqalasizinda, izinqubomgomo zezomnotho nezepolitiki zikazwelonke nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke. Izindleko, izinqubomgomo zokuhweba, izivumelwano zokuhweba ngokukhululekile, kanye nezijeziso zomnotho ngezinye zezinto ezingathinta ukugeleza kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo emhlabeni jikelele.
Isivumelwano Sokuhweba Okukhululekile
Isivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululekile yisivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe amabili noma ngaphezulu sokunciphisa izithiyo zokuhweba njengentela kanye nezilinganiso zokungenisa. Isibonelo esaziwayo yiSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngokukhululekile saseNyakatho Melika (i-NAFTA), esihilela i-United States, iCanada, neMexico. Lesi sivumelwano sikhulise kakhulu umthamo wokuhweba phakathi kwala mazwe.
Izindleko kanye nezilinganiso
I-tariff iyintela ebekwa ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe, kanti i-quota iyimingcele enanini lezimpahla ezingangeniswa. Womabili la mathuluzi enqubomgomo asetshenziswa ohulumeni ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya ekuncintisaneni ngokweqile kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-tariff kanye ne-quota nakho kungabangela izimpi zokuhweba, njengoba kuye kwenzeka phakathi kwe-United States ne-China eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Izijeziso Zezomnotho
Izithiyo zomnotho ziyizinyathelo ezivimbelayo ezibekwa yizwe elilodwa kwelinye ukuze zithonye izinqubomgomo noma izenzo zezepolitiki zalelo zwe. Lezi zithiyo zingathinta ukuhweba komhlaba wonke ngokunciphisa ukuhamba kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo phakathi kwamazwe ahilelekile. Isibonelo, izithiyo zomnotho ezibekwe e-Iran zinciphise ikhono lezwe lokuthumela uwoyela kwamanye amazwe, okuwumthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo kuhulumeni wase-Iran.
Umthelela Wokuhweba Komhlaba Emnothweni Womhlaba
Ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kunemiphumela edlula kude imingcele yamazwe. Ukugeleza kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo phakathi kwamazwe kudala ukuthembela okukhulu kwezomnotho namasiko. Kunezindlela eziningana lapho ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kuthinta khona isimo somnotho womhlaba:
Ukuthuthukisa Inhlalakahle Yezomnotho
Ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuvumela amazwe ukuthi agxile ekukhiqizweni kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo lapho enenzuzo khona. Lokhu kusiza ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza, okube sekuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezomnotho. Amazwe ahilelekile ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke avame ukuba namazinga okukhula komnotho aphezulu kunalawo avaliwe kakhulu.
Ukusabalala Kobuchwepheshe Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha
Ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke nakho kwenza kube lula ukusabalala kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Izinkampani ezisebenza ezimakethe zomhlaba zivame ukuphakamisa amazinga azo ukuze zihlale zincintisana. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha, obusakazeka emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuguquguquka Kwemakethe Nokungazinzi Kwezomnotho
Nakuba ukuhweba komhlaba wonke kunezinzuzo eziningi, futhi kunezingozi. Ukuthembela ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke kwenza amazwe abe sengozini enkulu yokuguquguquka kwamanani omhlaba kanye nesidingo. Inkinga yezomnotho engxenyeni eyodwa yomhlaba ingasakazekela ngokushesha kwezinye izingxenye. Isibonelo esibalulekile yinkinga yezezimali yomhlaba wonke ka-2008, eyaqala e-United States kodwa yathinta ngokushesha umnotho emhlabeni jikelele.
Isiphetho
I-geography yezomnotho kanye nokuhwebelana komhlaba kuyimibono emibili ehlobene edlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni umnotho womhlaba. Izici ze-geography ezifana nendawo, izinsiza zemvelo, kanye nesimo sezulu, kanye nengqalasizinda, izinqubomgomo zezomnotho, kanye nezimo zezepolitiki, zithonya ukusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho kanye nokugeleza kokuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuhwebelana komhlaba, nakho, kuthonya isimo sezomnotho womhlaba ngokuthuthukisa ukuchuma kwezomnotho, ukwenza kube lula ukusabalala kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokuthwala ingozi yokungazinzi kwezomnotho. Ukuqonda ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-geography yezomnotho kanye nokuhwebelana komhlaba kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo komnotho womhlaba.
