Izici Ezithinta Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezinga Lokushisa Emhlabeni
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa eMhlabeni kuwumphumela wokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto ezahlukahlukene zemvelo nezomuntu. Izinga lokushisa lomhlaba alifani, futhi lo mehluko ungabonakala emhlabeni wonke kuya endaweni. Ukuqonda izici ezithonya ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile ekufundweni kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-meteorology futhi kunemiphumela ebanzi emvelweni, kwezolimo, kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Lesi sihloko sizochaza ezinye zezici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa eMhlabeni, okuhlanganisa imisebe yelanga, ukwakheka komkhathi, indawo, imisinga yolwandle, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu.
1. Imisebe Yelanga
Imisebe yelanga, noma amandla atholakala elangeni, iwumthombo oyinhloko wokushisa eMhlabeni. Ubukhulu kanye nobude bokukhanya kwelanga okutholwa ubuso boMhlaba kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezici eziningana:
a. I-Angle Yokukhanya Kwelanga
I-engeli yokukhanya kwelanga iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo soMhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa nelanga, okuthonywa ukuthambekela kwe-axis yokujikeleza koMhlaba kanye nendlela yawo yokuzungeza. Izifunda zasezindaweni ezishisayo zithola ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kakhulu unyaka wonke, okuholela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezifunda zasezindaweni ezibandayo, ezithola ukukhanya kwelanga okusabalele kakhulu nokuthambekele kakhulu.
b. Isikhathi Sokukhanya Kwelanga
Isikhathi isifunda esithola ngaso ukukhanya kwelanga sidlala indima ekunqumeni izinga lokushisa. Ehlobo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, izindawo ezifana neYurophu neNyakatho Melika zithola ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe nsuku zonke kunasebusika. Lokhu kuphumela ehlobo elifudumele kanye nobusika obubandayo.
2. Ukwakheka Komoya
Umkhathi womhlaba awuqukethe umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen kuphela, kodwa futhi namagesi okushisa anjenge-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-methane (CH4), kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi (H2O). Lawa magesi adlala indima ebalulekile emphumeleni wokushisa aphansi, okuyinqubo lapho umkhathi ubamba khona ukushisa okuvela ebusweni boMhlaba.
a. Amagesi Okushisa Ilanga
Amagesi okushisa anjenge-CO2 ne-methane andisa ikhono lomkhathi lokugcina ukushisa. Ukwanda kwamazinga ala magesi, okubangelwa kakhulu yimisebenzi yabantu njengokushiswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kuholele ekwandeni kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukufudumala komhlaba.
b. Amafu
Amafu angathinta izinga lokushisa ngezindlela ezimbili. Amafu aminyene noma aphansi avame ukubuyisa imisebe yelanga emkhathini, apholise indawo engezansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafu aphezulu angabamba imisebe eminingi ye-infrared, okubangela ukufudumala komhlaba.
3. Okwezindawo
Izici zezwe zoMhlaba, njengokuphakama, ibanga eliya olwandle, kanye nesimo sendawo, zinethonya elikhulu ekusatshalalisweni kwezinga lokushisa.
a. Ukuphakama
Izinga lokushisa lomoya livame ukwehla lapho ukuphakama kukhula. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, ingcindezi yomoya iphansi kanti umoya uba mncane, okusho ukuthi kunezinhlayiya zomoya ezimbalwa zokubamba nokugcina ukushisa. Yingakho iziqongo zezintaba zivame ukumbozwa yiqhwa, ngisho nasezindaweni ezishisayo.
b. Ibanga Eliya Olwandle
Izilwandle nezilwandle zinamandla okushisa amakhulu kakhulu kunomhlaba. Izindawo eziseduze nolwandle zivame ukuba namazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo, kanye nomehluko omncane phakathi kokushisa kwasemini nobusuku kanye naphakathi kwehlobo nobusika. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ezikude nolwandle zithola ukuguquguquka okukhulu kokushisa.
c. I-Topography
Izici zesimo sezulu njengezintaba zingathinta amaphethini okuhamba komoya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa. Izintaba zingasebenza njengezithiyo zokugeleza komoya, okubangela ukuthi uhlangothi olubheke umoya (uhlangothi olubheke ukugeleza komoya) lube manzi futhi luphole, kanti uhlangothi olubheke umoya (uhlangothi oluvikelwe ukugeleza komoya) lungomile futhi lufudumale ngenxa yomphumela we-Foehn noma imimoya yaseChinook.
4. Imisinga Yolwandle
Imisinga yolwandle imisinga emikhulu yamanzi olwandle ehamba olwandle. Le misinga isabalalisa ukushisa okuvela ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezindaweni ezibandayo, okuthonya kakhulu amazinga okushisa esifunda.
a. Imisinga Efudumele Nebandayo
Imisinga yolwandle efudumele, njengeGulf Stream e-Atlantic Ocean, ithwala amanzi afudumele esuka ezindaweni ezishisayo iye ezindaweni eziphakeme enyakatho, okubangela amazinga okushisa afudumele ogwini olusempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika kanye nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imisinga yolwandle ebandayo, njengeCalifornia Current, ithwala amanzi abandayo avela ezindaweni ezibandayo iye e-equator, okubangela amazinga okushisa apholile ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika.
b. Ukuphakama Nokwehla
Ukuphakama (ukunyakaza kwamanzi esuka ekujuleni kuya phezulu) kuvame ukuletha amanzi abandayo, acebile ngezakhamzimba ebusweni, okupholisa indawo. Ukwehla (ukuhamba kwamanzi esuka ebusweni kuya ekujuleni), ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungabangela ukufudumala kwendawo kobuso bolwandle.
5. Imisebenzi Yabantu
Ukungenelela komuntu emvelweni nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwezinga lokushisa eMhlabeni.
a. Ukufudukela emadolobheni
Izindawo zasemadolobheni zivame ukuba zifudumele kunezindawo zasemaphandleni ezizungezile ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa kwesiqhingi sasemadolobheni. Izindawo ezibunjiwe kanye ne-asphalt zimunca ukushisa okwengeziwe, kuyilapho ukuntuleka kwezitshalo kunciphisa ukuhwamuka, okupholisa umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yansuku zonke yabantu, izimoto, kanye nezimboni nakho kukhipha ukushisa.
b. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Amahlathi anekhono lokumunca nokugcina i-CO2, kanye nokulawula amazinga okushisa endawo ngokusebenzisa i-evapotranspiration. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwale misebenzi, kwandise amazinga okushisa endawo futhi kunegalelo ekufudumaleni komhlaba.
c. Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Emkhathini Kwezimboni
Ukushisa amafutha emvelo ukuze kutholakale amandla kanye nezokuthutha kukhipha inani elikhulu lamagesi okushisa angena emkhathini, okwandisa umphumela wokushisa aphansi futhi kunegalelo ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola kwezinto ezincane kungathinta amaphethini okusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa ngokumunca noma ukukhombisa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Isiphetho
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa eMhlabeni kuthonywa izici ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemisebe yelanga, ukwakheka komkhathi, izici zendawo, imisinga yolwandle, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu kwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kube yinto eguquguqukayo neyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqonda lezi zici akubalulekile nje kuphela kwisayensi kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukiseni amasu okuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu asebenzayo kanye namasu okunciphisa. Ngokuqonda okujulile kokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa, singalondoloza kangcono ibhalansi yemvelo futhi sithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila eMhlabeni.
