Umthelela Wokuqhuma Kwezintaba-mlilo Emvelweni
Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo kuphakathi kwezinto zemvelo ezimangalisayo kodwa ezibhubhisayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kokuba usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo nakho kunemiphumela ebalulekile emvelweni. Lesi sihloko sihlola izici ezahlukahlukene zemiphumela emvelweni yokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yazo emkhathini, enhlabathini, emanzini, ezitshalweni, kanye nasezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Umthelela Emkhathini
Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko yokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo ukukhishwa kwamagesi nezinhlayiya emkhathini. Umlotha wentaba-mlilo, i-sulfur dioxide (SO2), kanye namanye amagesi ahlukahlukene akhishwa ngobuningi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Umlotha wentaba-mlilo ungasabalala izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka emthonjeni wokuqhuma, wakhe amafu omlotha angavimba ukukhanya kwelanga futhi abangele ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okwesikhashana ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Uma igesi ye-SO2 i-oxidizes emkhathini, yakha izinhlayiya ze-sulfate ezingadala ama-aerosol. Lawa ma-aerosol anekhono lokubonakalisa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ekugcineni apholise ulwandle kanye namazinga okushisa omhlaba. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukupholisa komhlaba wonke noma umphumela we-volcanic aerosol. Isibonelo, ukuqhuma kweNtaba iPinatubo ngo-1991 kwabangela ukwehla kwama-degree Celsius amazinga okushisa omhlaba ajwayelekile eminyakeni eminingana.
Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yalezi zi-aerosol ayihlali imihle. Amagesi anobuthi akhishwayo angabangela inkungu ye-asidi uma esabela emanzini asemkhathini, akhiqize ama-asidi e-sulfuric ne-nitric, abese ewela ebusweni boMhlaba njengemvula ye-asidi. Le mvula ye-asidi ingalimaza ingqalasizinda, inhlabathi, amahlathi, kanye nemizila yamanzi, futhi inemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu.
Umthelela Emhlabeni
Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo nakho kunomthelela oqondile enhlabathini ezungezile. Izinto zezintaba-mlilo, njenge-lava nomlotha owakhiwe ngemva kokuqhuma, zingalimaza isakhiwo senhlabathi. Inhlabathi ethintwe ukuqhuma ingaba nzima futhi ingakwazi ukusekela impilo yezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlabathi yezintaba-mlilo ivame ukuvunda kakhulu ngoba iqukethe amaminerali adingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, inhlabathi ezungeze izintaba-mlilo e-Indonesia naseHawaii ivundile kakhulu futhi ifanelekela ezolimo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhuma kungabangela ukudilika komhlaba kanye nokugeleza kwe-pyroclastic okubhubhisa izingqimba zomhlabathi ezikhona. I-lava egelezayo ingamboza ubuso bomhlaba, yenze ungabi nalutho futhi ungabi nalutho isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukusimama komhlabathi ngemva kokuqhuma kuncike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwezinto zentaba-mlilo kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo.
Umthelela Emanzini
Imiphumela yokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo emanzini iyahlukahluka kakhulu. Umlotha wezintaba-mlilo ungawela emanzini afana nemifula, amachibi, kanye nolwandle, ungcolise. Lo mlotha ungavimba ukugeleza kwemifula futhi ubangele izikhukhula, kanye nokushintsha ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi kuphazamise imvelo yasemanzini.
Ngaphezu komlotha, igesi ye-sulfur dioxide (SO2) esabela emanzini nayo ingabangela imvula ene-asidi, okuyingozi ekhwalithini yamanzi. Imvula ene-asidi inganciphisa i-pH yamanzi ezindaweni zasemanzini, okungabulala izinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini futhi kuphazamise uchungechunge lokudla endaweni ezungezile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi kungashisa amanzi olwandle azungezile, okungabulala izilwane zasolwandle zendawo futhi kubangele izinguquko emifuleni yolwandle kanye namaphethini esimo sezulu.
Umthelela Ezimileni
Umthelela wokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo ezitshalweni uvame ukuba mubi kakhulu. Umlotha wezintaba-mlilo omboza amaqabunga ezitshalo ungavimbela i-photosynthesis futhi ubangele ukufa kwezitshalo. Ukugeleza kwe-lava kanye nokugeleza kwe-pyroclastic kunganciphisa amahlathi nezitshalo zezolimo, okubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu emiphakathini yendawo ethembele kulezi zitshalo.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inhlabathi yezintaba-mlilo ivame ukuhlala ivundile kakhulu isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokululama emonakalweni wokuqala obangelwe ukuqhuma, izimiso zemvelo ezintsha zezitshalo zivame ukukhula zivundile futhi zihlukahlukene ngenxa yamaminerali aqukethwe ezintweni zezintaba-mlilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi amasha akhula enhlabathini evundile yezintaba-mlilo anganikeza izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile zezinhlobo ezintsha futhi asize ekwandiseni ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo endaweni.
Umthelela Ezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo
Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo nakho kunomthelela omkhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo azikwazi ukusinda ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezidalwe ukuqhuma. Izindawo zazo zemvelo zingase zibhujiswe noma zingcoliswe umlotha namagesi anobuthi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni inani lezinhlobo futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukuqothulwa kwendawo.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuqhuma, indawo ezungeze intaba-mlilo ingaba yindawo ethandwa kakhulu yizinto eziphilayo. Inhlabathi evundile ingasekela ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokushesha, okuheha izilwane ezintsha endaweni. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukulandelana kwezemvelo futhi singaholela ekwandeni kwesikhathi eside kwezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezikwazi ukusinda futhi zivumelane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezibangelwa ukuqhuma zingase zibe namandla futhi zikwazi ukumelana nezinye izinguquko zemvelo, okunikeza isibonelo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuguquguqukayo ezindaweni zemvelo.
Isiphetho
Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo kunemithelela eyinkimbinkimbi nebanzi emvelweni. Imiphumela yako emkhathini ihlanganisa ukwehlisa amazinga okushisa omhlaba kanye nokudala imvula ene-asidi. Imithelela enhlabathini, emanzini, nasezitshalweni ingaba yimbi kakhulu esikhathini esifushane kodwa ivame ukulandelwa ukululama okukhulu kanye nokwanda kokuzala. Okokugcina, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ezizungeze izintaba-mlilo kuvame ukuba nezinguquko ezinkulu, okungenzeka kube nokwanda kwesikhathi eside ngokulandelana kwemvelo kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuguquguqukayo.
Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo kuyisikhumbuzo samandla ashintsha njalo kanye nokuguquguquka kwemvelo. Lapho ubhekene nala mandla, ulwazi kanye nokulungela kubalulekile ekunciphiseni imiphumela yawo emibi kanye nokusebenzisa amathuba angalethwa umhlaba omusha.
