Isakhiwo kanye Nomsebenzi we-Cornea
Iso lingenye yezitho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, okwenza likwazi ukwamukela nokucubungula ulwazi olubonakalayo, olubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni nendawo ezungezile. Esinye sezingxenye zalo eziyinhloko yi-cornea, isakhiwo esicacile esitholakala ngaphambili kweso futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuboneni. Lesi sihloko sizohlola isakhiwo nomsebenzi we-cornea, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ohlelweni lokubona lomuntu.
Isakhiwo se-Corneal
I-cornea iwungqimba lwangaphandle olucacile olwakhiwe izingxenye eziningana ezisebenzisana ukuvikela iso nokusiza ekuboneni . Nansi incazelo eningiliziwe yesakhiwo se-cornea:
1. Isendlalelo se-Epithelial
Lolu ngqimba luwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwe-cornea futhi lusebenza njengesivikelo sokuqala ngokumelene namagciwane, uthuli, nezinye izinto zakwamanye amazwe. I-epithelium iqukethe amaseli avuselela ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi i-cornea ingaphola ngokushesha ekulimaleni okuncane. I-epithelium iphinde ikhiqize ukudabuka, okusiza ukumanzisa i-cornea nokuvikela ubuso beso.
2. Isendlalelo sikaBowman
Ngaphansi nje kwe-epithelium kukhona ungqimba lukaBowman, oluyingqimba elincane, elingamangqamuzana elinikeza isivikelo esengeziwe futhi ligcina ubuqotho besakhiwo se-cornea.
3. I-Stroma
I-stroma yingxenye ejiyile kakhulu ye-cornea, equkethe cishe u-90% wobukhulu bayo. Yakhiwe yi-collagen namaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-keratocytes, anikeza amandla nokunwebeka. Ukucaca kwe-stroma kubalulekile ngoba kuvumela ukukhanya ukuthi kudlule ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
4. Ulwelwesi lukaDescemet
I-membrane kaDescemet iyingqimba encane ehlukanisa i-stroma ne-endothelium. Lolu ngqimba lunwebeka kakhulu futhi lusebenza njengesivikelo sokugcina esivikela ungqimba lwe-endothelial.
5. I-Endothelium
Lolu ngqimba luyingqimba engaphakathi kakhulu ye-cornea, equkethe amangqamuzana amancane kakhulu. kubalulekile ku- Ukugcina ukukhanya kwe-cornea. Amaseli e-endothelial akhipha uketshezi ku-stroma, avimbele ukuvuvukala futhi agcine i-cornea icacile ukuze ukukhanya kudlule kalula.
Umsebenzi we-Cornea
I-cornea inemisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile, yonke enegalelo ekuboneni nasekuphileni kwamehlo. Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-cornea:
1. Umqhubi Wokukhanya
I-cornea iyindawo eyinhloko yokungena kokukhanya esweni. Ngenxa yokucaca kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu, i-cornea ivumela ukukhanya ukuthi kudlule ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuncane, okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni isithombe esicacile ku-retina.
2. Ukufiphaza
Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-cornea ukugxila ekukhanyeni okungenayo. I-cornea inamandla amakhulu okubuka ngenxa yesimo sayo esijiyile. Lokhu kusiza ukugoba ukukhanya ukuze kugxile ngqo kwi-retina. Eqinisweni, i-cornea ihlanganisa cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamandla onke okubuka esweni, kanti okusele kunikezwa ilensi.
3. Ukuvikelwa
I-cornea isebenza njengesivikelo sokuqala ngokumelene namagciwane, uthuli, nezinye izinto zangaphandle ezingalimaza iso. Ngesendlalelo sayo se-epithelial esivuselela ngokushesha, i-cornea ingazilungisa ngokwayo ngemva kokulimala okuncane.
4. Ukuhlunga kwe-UV
Nakuba ingasebenzi kahle njengamalensi ezibuko zelanga, i-cornea inekhono lokuhlunga eminye yemisebe yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet (UV), okusiza ukuvikela izicubu zangaphakathi zeso ekulimaleni.
5. Ukusatshalaliswa Koketshezi Lwezinyembezi
Ngokusebenzisana kwayo nezinkophe kanye nokukhiqizwa koketshezi lwezinyembezi, i-cornea isiza ukusabalalisa uketshezi lwezinyembezi ngokulinganayo ebusweni beso. Lolu ketshezi lwezinyembezi alugcini nje ngokusiza ukugcina i-cornea imanzi kodwa futhi luqukethe ama-enzyme anciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
Izinkinga Ezihlobene Ne-Cornea
I-cornea, njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yomzimba, ingabhekana nezimo ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta umbono kanye nempilo yamehlo iyonke. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile ezihlobene ne-cornea:
1. I-Keratoconus
I-Keratoconus yisimo lapho i-cornea incipha khona bese iba nesimo se-cone esingajwayelekile. Lokhu kungathinta ikhono le-cornea lokubona futhi kubangele umbono ofiphele noma ophambene.
2. Ukutheleleka kwe-Corneal kanye nezilonda
Ukutheleleka kwe-cornea kungabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, noma ama-parasites. Lokhu kutheleleka kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi: ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukubona okufiphele, ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono uma kungelashwa. Isilonda se-cornea yinxeba elivulekile elingenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka noma ukulimala.
3. I-Corneal Dystrophy
I-Corneal dystrophies yiqembu lezifo ezizuzwe njengefa. yiliphi ithonya izilonda ze-cornea, okubangela ubuhlungu, ukubona okufiphele, kanye nokuqongelela kwezinto ku-cornea.
4. Ukuvuvukala kwe-Corneal
Ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea kwenzeka lapho uketshezi luqoqana ku-stroma, okubangela ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa ukubonakala kwe-cornea. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kweseli le-endothelial noma ukulimala.
5. Ukushintsha Komphezulu We-Corneal
Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo noma ngenxa yokulimala, lapho ungqimba lwe-epithelial lunganamatheli kahle ku-stroma, okubangela ukungakhululeki nokukhubazeka kokubona.
Ukwelashwa Kwenkinga Ye-Corneal
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ze-cornea kusuka ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha kuya ekuhlinzweni, kuye ngohlobo kanye nobunzima besimo.
1. Imithi
Amaconsi amehlo alwa namagciwane noma alwa namagciwane asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ze-cornea. Ama-steroid asetshenziswa esikhumbeni angasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo lapho usebenzisa le mithi.
2. Ukwelashwa Kokuzivocavoca
Amalensi okuxhumana akhethekile angasetshenziswa ukuphatha i-keratoconus noma okunye ukuphazamiseka kwe-cornea, okusiza ekwakheni kabusha ubuso nokuthuthukisa umbono.
3. Izinqubo Zokuhlinzwa
Kwezinye izimo, njenge-keratoconus enzima noma i-advanced corneal dystrophy, kungadingeka ukufakelwa i-cornea. Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka i-cornea enempilo esikhundleni sengxenye noma yonke i-cornea.
4. Amasu Athuthukisiwe
Izindlela zesimanje ezifana nokuxhumanisa i-cornea zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ama-cornea abuthakathaka kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kanye ne-riboflavin, okwakha izibopho ezengeziwe phakathi kwemicu ye-collagen ku-cornea.
Isiphetho
I-cornea iyingxenye ebalulekile yeso, inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile eqinisekisa ukubona okucacile kanye nempilo yamehlo. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi isengozini yezimo ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ukusebenza kwayo, imithi yesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe bunikeza izixazululo ezahlukahlukene zokugcina nokubuyisela impilo ye-cornea. Ukuqonda isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi we-cornea kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwamehlo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuze ugcine umbono ofanele. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zokubona noma ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezempilo yamehlo ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.
