Umsebenzi kanye Nesakhiwo Senhliziyo Yomuntu
Inhliziyo iyisitho esibalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi. Njengoba ilingana nenqindi ecijile, inhliziyo ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke, iqinisekisa ukuthi iseli ngalinye lithola umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze liphile. Ukuqonda umsebenzi nesakhiwo senhliziyo kubalulekile hhayi nje kochwepheshe bezokwelapha kodwa nakubantu abafuna ukugcina impilo yabo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola umsebenzi nesakhiwo senhliziyo yomuntu ngokujulile.
### Umsebenzi Wenhliziyo
Inhliziyo inemisebenzi eminingana eyinhloko, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukupompa Igazi:
Inhliziyo isebenza njengephampu enamandla yokuhambisa igazi emithanjeni yegazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngokufinyela okunesigqi, inhliziyo ihambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo futhi elinothile ngezakhamzimba ezicutshini zomzimba bese ibuyisela igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo emaphashini ukuze liphinde lithuthukiswe.
2. Ukujikeleza Kwegazi:
Inhliziyo iyisikhungo semigudu emibili eyinhloko yomzimba—ukujikeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile kanye nokwe-pulmonary. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile kuhambisa igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke bese libuyela emuva, kuyilapho ukujikeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile kuhambisa igazi phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu.
3. Ilawula Ukugeleza Kwegazi:
Inhliziyo inama-valve aqinisekisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza ohlangothini olulodwa. Lawa ma-valve avimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze libuyele emakamelweni enhliziyo elidlule kuwo, okuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwegazi okusebenzayo.
4. Gcina Umfutho Wegazi Uphilile:
Njengoba kwenzeka izinguquko zokucindezela ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokushaya kwenhliziyo, inhliziyo idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni umfutho wegazi ofanele emithanjeni yegazi. I-homeostasis yomfutho wegazi ibalulekile empilweni yomzimba.
5. Ukuthuthwa Kwama-hormone Nezinye Izinto:
Ngaphezu komoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba, inhliziyo iyasiza nasekujikelezeni kwama-hormone, imikhiqizo engcolile ye-metabolic, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile lapho zidingeka khona noma ukuze zisuswe.
### Isakhiwo Senhliziyo
Ngokwesimo somzimba, inhliziyo yomuntu yakhiwa izingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze imisebenzi eshiwo ngenhla. Nansi incazelo yengxenye ngayinye:
1. Amakamelo Amane Enhliziyo:
Inhliziyo yakhiwe ngamakamelo amane amakhulu: i-atria ezimbili phezulu kanye nama-ventricle amabili phansi. I-atrium yangakwesokudla ithola igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo emzimbeni nge-vena cavae ephezulu nephansi bese ilipompa liye kwi-ventricle yangakwesokudla. I-ventricle yangakwesokudla bese ithumela igazi emaphashini ukuze lishintshelwe igesi nge-pulmonary artery. Kusukela emaphashini, igazi elinomoya-mpilo libuyela kwi-atrium yangakwesokunxele ngemithambo yamaphaphu bese lipompa liye kwi-ventricle yangakwesokunxele, bese liyisabalalisa kuwo wonke umzimba nge-aorta.
2. Ama-valve Enhliziyo:
Kunezivikelo ezine enhliziyweni eziqinisekisa ukugeleza kwegazi okuya ohlangothini olulodwa:
– Ivalvu ye-Tricuspid: Ihlukanisa i-atrium efanele ne-ventricle efanele.
– Ivalvu Yamaphaphu: Itholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle yesokudla nomthambo wamaphaphu.
– I-Mitral Valve: Ihlukanisa i-atrium yesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yesobunxele.
– I-Aortic Valve: Itholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle yesobunxele ne-aorta.
Lawa ma-valve ayavuleka futhi avalwe ngokwengcindezi yegazi emakamelweni enhliziyo ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi emuva.
3. Udonga Lwenhliziyo:
Udonga lwenhliziyo lunezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
– I-Endocardium: Ingqimba engaphakathi kakhulu egudla amakamelo enhliziyo.
– I-Myocardium: Ingqimba ephakathi equkethe izicubu zemisipha yenhliziyo, ezibangela ukufinyela kwenhliziyo.
– I-Epicardium: Ingqimba engaphandle eyingxenye ye-pericardium, isikhwama se-serous esivikela inhliziyo.
4. Uhlelo Lokuqhutshwa Kwenhliziyo:
Inhliziyo inesistimu yokuhambisa ugesi elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yayo. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa:
– I-Sinoatrial (SA) Node: Etholakala ku-atrium yangakwesokudla, eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-natural pacemaker,” iqala ama-pulse kagesi abangela ukuba inhliziyo ifinyele.
– I-Atrioventricular (AV) Node: Etholakala endaweni yokuhlangana phakathi kwe-atria nama-ventricle, yehlisa ijubane ngaphambi kokuba ifike kuma-ventricle.
– Inqwaba Yezintambo ZikaHis kanye NezikaPurkinje: Iqhuba ama-pulse kagesi avela ku-AV node kuyo yonke i-ventricular myocardium, iqondisa ukufinyela kwe-ventricular.
### Izifo Zenhliziyo Nezinkinga
Ukuqonda umsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo senhliziyo kubalulekile futhi ekuboneni izifo nezimo ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ezinye izimo ezivamile zifaka:
1. Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo: Ukuvaleka noma ukuncipha kwemithambo yenhliziyo kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungaholela ekushayweni yi-angina noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
2. Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo: Isimo lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba.
3. I-Arrhythmia: Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile esingaba ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kakhulu, okuhamba kancane kakhulu, noma okungajwayelekile.
4. I-Cardiomyopathy: Isifo senhliziyo esibangela ukuba imisipha yenhliziyo ibe buthakathaka noma ingajwayelekile.
5. Isifo Se-Heart Valve: Izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza kwegazi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga zenhliziyo njengobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu, ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.
### Ukugcina Impilo Yenhliziyo
Ukugcina impilo yenhliziyo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
1. Lawula ukudla kwakho:
Ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo okucebile ngezithelo, imifino, i-fiber, namafutha anempilo kuzuzisa kakhulu impilo yenhliziyo. Nciphisa ukudla kwakho usawoti, amafutha agcwele, noshukela.
2. Vivinya umzimba njalo:
Imisebenzi evamile yomzimba njengokuhamba, ukugijima, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili ingaqinisa inhliziyo futhi ithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi.
3. Gwema Ukubhema:
Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zesifo senhliziyo. Ukugwema noma ukuyeka ukubhema kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo.
4. Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka:
Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungalimaza inhliziyo. Amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka njengokuzindla, i-yoga, noma imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa angasiza ekugcineni impilo yenhliziyo.
5. Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo Okuvamile:
Ukuhlola njalo umfutho wegazi lakho, amazinga e-cholesterol, kanye noshukela egazini kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga kusenesikhathi futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu.
### Isiphetho
Inhliziyo iyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi esibalulekile ekusindeni komuntu, esiqhubeka nokupompa igazi futhi sigcina izinqubo ezahlukene zomzimba emzimbeni. Ukuqonda isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo, kanye nokugcina impilo yayo ngendlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokugcina inhlalakahle iyonke. Ngokunaka impilo yenhliziyo ngendlela efanele, abantu bangathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo futhi bavimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo.
