I-Biologi

Ithonya Lemvelo Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezitshalo Ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo kuyinhlanganisela yazo zonke izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaseli ezitshalo ukuze kulondolozwe impilo, ukukhula, kanye nentuthuko. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo okuyinhloko, njenge-photosynthesis, ukuphefumula, kanye nokumuncwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwezakhamzimba, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezitshalo okwesibili, njengokwakheka kwama-alkaloid, ama-flavonoid, ama-terpenoid, kanye namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene okuzivikela. Izinga kanye nesiqondiso sokuguqulwa kwezitshalo akuxhomekile... Funda kabanzi

I-Coniferous Forest Ecology kanye Nendlela Yokuphila Amahlathi e-Coniferous angenye yezindawo zemvelo ezibanzi kakhulu eMhlabeni, kusukela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile kuya ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-arctic. La mahlathi abuswa yi-gymnosperms, ikakhulukazi izihlahla ze-coniferous ezifana nephayini, i-spruce, i-fir, ne-larch. Ukwakheka kwawo kwamaqabunga okuhlukile, ukuzala kwe-strobilus (i-cone), kanye nekhono lokusinda… Funda kabanzi

Ubuchwepheshe Bezinto Eziphilayo Zokufuya Izinhlanzi Ukufuya izinhlanzi—ukutshalwa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini njengezinhlanzi, izimfanzi, izimbaza, kanye nolwandle—sekuyinsika enkulu yokulondeka kokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula komkhiqizo akukwazi ukuthembela kuphela ekwandisweni komhlaba noma ekuqinisweni okungalawulwa, njengoba lokhu kuyingozi ebangela izifo, ukungcola, kanye nokwehla kwekhwalithi yemvelo yasemanzini. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo zokufuya izinhlanzi budlala khona indima ebalulekile: ukusebenzisa izimiso kanye… Funda kabanzi

Izinzuzo Zezilwane Ezihlala Emanzini Ekuphileni Komuntu Izilwane ezihlala emanzini yiqembu lezilwane ezinomgogodla ezihlala emanzini nasemhlabathini. Izibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu ngamaxoxo, amaxoxo, ama-salamander, nama-caecilian (izilwane ezihlala emanzini ezifana nezimpethu). Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wazo wokuphila, izilwane eziningi ezihlala emanzini zishintsha ukwakheka kwazo, njengezinyoni ezihlala emanzini bese ziguquka zibe amaxoxo amadala... Funda kabanzi

Ithonya Lezinto Ezingaguquki Ku-Metabolism Yezitshalo I-metabolism yezitshalo iyinhlanganisela yazo zonke izimpendulo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaseli ezitshalo ukuze kulondolozwe impilo, ukukhula, kanye nentuthuko. I-Metabolism ihlanganisa amaqembu amabili amakhulu ezinqubo: i-anabolism (ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali ayinkimbinkimbi, njenge-photosynthesis kanye nokwakheka kwamaprotheni) kanye ne-catabolism (ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla, njengokuphefumula). Ukuqhubeka kwalezi zinqubo ezimbili akugcini nje… Funda kabanzi

I-Ecology Yezintaba-mlilo Nokuphila Ezintabeni-mlilo kuvame ukucatshangwa njengezimpawu zokubhujiswa: ukuqhuma, amafu avuthayo, i-lava ekhanyayo, kanye nomlotha osibekela isibhakabhaka. Kodwa ngemuva kwalesi sithombe esimangalisayo, izintaba-mlilo nazo ziyizimboni ezakha impilo. Ziyabhubhisa futhi zidale ngesikhathi esifanayo. Esikhathini eside, imisebenzi yezintaba-mlilo ingakha umhlaba omusha, inothise inhlabathi, futhi idale... Funda kabanzi

Ubuchwepheshe Bezinto Eziphilayo Zasemhlabeni Ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo zasemhlabeni buyinsimu ehlanganisa isayensi yezinto eziphilayo nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukuqonda, ukuphatha, nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuphila zasemhlabeni. Ngokwesimo sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, inkinga yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo zasemhlabeni buyisici esibalulekile ekugcineni ukusimama kwemvelo ngenkathi kusekelwa... Funda kabanzi

Izinzuzo Zezinyoni Ekuphileni Komuntu Izinyoni zingenye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala eduze kwethu—kusukela emagcekeni kuya emasimini elayisi, emahlathini, ngisho nasezindaweni ezisogwini. Nakuba zivame ukubhekwa njengezilwane zokuhlobisa noma zigcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo, empeleni izinyoni zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu. Ukuba khona kwazo kusiza ekugcineni ibhalansi yezemvelo, kusekela imisebenzi yezolimo, kanye... Funda kabanzi

Ithonya Lezinto Eziphilayo Ekukhuleni Kwezitshalo Ukukhula kwezitshalo akwenzeki endaweni engenamanzi. Ngaphezu kwezinto ezingaphili njengokukhanya, amanzi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezakhamzimba, izitshalo nazo zithonywa kakhulu yizinto eziphilayo, okungukuthi zonke izingxenye eziphilayo ezisebenzisana nazo emvelweni. Izinto eziphilayo zingasheshisa ukukhula, zandise ukuqina, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, zivimbele noma zibangele ukufa kwezitshalo. … Funda kabanzi

I-Ecology kanye Nendlela Yokuphila Yamahlathi Ama-Mangrove Amahlathi ama-Mangrove angenye yezindawo zemvelo eziyingqayizivele kakhulu eMhlabeni. Akhula endaweni yokuguquka phakathi komhlaba nolwandle—ikakhulukazi, ezindaweni ezisogwini ezithintwa amagagasi. Kulokho izitshalo eziningi ezikubheka njengezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kosawoti, inhlabathi enodaka engenawo umoya-mpilo, kanye nokushintsha kwamanzi njalo, ama-mangrove… Funda kabanzi