Ukuphathwa Kwezezimali: Indlela Yokuphatha Imibiko Yezezimali
Ukuphathwa kwezezimali uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezilawula indlela imali eqoshwa ngayo, ephathwa ngayo, elawulwa ngayo, futhi ebikwa ngayo ukuze kufezwe imigomo yenhlangano noma yebhizinisi. Esimweni sebhizinisi, ukuphathwa kwezezimali okuphumelelayo akusizi nje kuphela abanikazi bamabhizinisi ukuqonda isimo sabo sezezimali kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ukwenza izinqumo, kwandisa ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali, futhi kunciphisa ingozi yamaphutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwezezimali yikhono lokuphatha imibiko yezezimali ngendlela ehlelekile nehambisanayo.
Kungani imibiko yezezimali idinga ukuphathwa kahle?
Imibiko yezezimali ayiyona nje imibhalo esemthethweni. "Iyimephu" ekhombisa isimo sezezimali sebhizinisi esikhathini esithile futhi ibonise ukusebenza kwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngemibiko emihle , abanikazi bamabhizinisi bangaphendula imibuzo ebalulekile efana nalokhu: Ingabe ibhizinisi linenzuzo? Ivelaphi imali engenayo enkulu? Yiziphi izindleko ezinkulu? Ingabe kukhona imali eyanele yokukhokhela izibopho zenyanga ezayo?
Ukubika okubi ngezezimali kuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ezengeziwe: ama-invoyisi angabanjwanga, okufakiwe okuphindwe kabili, amaphutha entela, ukuvuza kwemali, kanye nobunzima bokuthola uxhaso. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiselela nokugcina imibiko yezezimali kufanele kube umkhuba ojwayelekile, hhayi umsebenzi owenziwa kuphela uma kudingeka.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemibiko yezezimali
Ukuze uphathe ukuphathwa kwezezimali ngendlela efanele, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imibiko yezezimali evame ukusetshenziswa:
1. Isitatimende Semali Engenayo
Ibonisa imali engenayo, izindleko, kanye nenzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa kwesikhathi esithile. Lo mbiko uwusizo ekuhloleni ukusebenza kokusebenza: ukuthi ibhizinisi linenzuzo yini nokuthi lisebenzisa kahle kangakanani izindleko zalo.
2. Ibhalansi Yebhalansi
Uma ichaza isikhundla sezimpahla, izikweletu, kanye ne-equity kusukela ngosuku oluthile, ibhalansi kusiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo izimpahla, izikweletu, kanye nemali yenkampani.
3. Isitatimende Sokuhamba Kwemali
Kuchaza ukungena kwemali kanye nokuphuma kwayo emisebenzini yokusebenza, yokutshala imali kanye neyezimali. Amabhizinisi amaningi abonakala enenzuzo esitatimendeni semali engenayo kodwa ayahlupheka ngenxa yokugeleza kwemali okubi. Ngakho-ke, isitatimende sokugeleza kwemali sibalulekile ekugcineni ibhizinisi liqhubeka.
4. Isitatimende Sezinguquko Ekubikweni
Ibonisa izinguquko enhloko-dolobha yomnikazi ngesikhathi esithile, okuhlanganisa ukwengezwa kwemali, ukusatshalaliswa kwenzuzo, kanye nenzuzo eqongelelwe.
Le mibiko emine ihlobene. Ukuphatha ukuphathwa kwezezimali kusho ukuqinisekisa idatha engenayo ehambisanayo ukuze imibiko ephumayo ibe neqiniso.
Izinyathelo zokuphatha imibiko yezezimali ngempumelelo
1. Ezezimali zomuntu siqu nezebhizinisi ezihlukene
Iphutha elivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwama-MSME, ukuxuba izimali zomuntu siqu nezebhizinisi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwezezimali. Dala i-akhawunti ehlukile yebhizinisi, wabe umholo womnikazi (ukudonsa komnikazi) uma kudingeka, bese uqopha ngenkuthalo ukukhishwa kwemali. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kuzokwenza kube nzima ukubala inzuzo yangempela.
2. Dala uhlelo lokuqopha ukuthengiselana kwansuku zonke
Ukuphatha imibiko yezezimali kusukela ekuqopheni ukuthengiselana. Ukuthengiselana labo abangabhalwanga bazokwenza umbiko zingapheleli. Zenze umkhuba wokuphawula:
– ukuthengisa (imali kanye nekhredithi),
– ukuthengwa kwezinto/izimpahla,
– izindleko zokusebenza (ugesi, irenti, i-inthanethi, ezokuthutha),
- izinkokhelo zezikweletu,
- ukwamukelwa kwezimali ezitholwayo,
– ukuthengiselana kwebhange (ukudluliselwa kwemali, izimali zokuphatha, inzalo).
Ukurekhoda kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ispredishithi, incwadi yemali, noma isofthiwe yokubala. Isihluthulelo ukuhambisana: kwenze nsuku zonke noma okungenani masonto onke.
3. Sebenzisa ubufakazi bokuthengiselana bese ubugcina kahle.
Ubufakazi bokuthengiselana okufana namarisidi, ama-invoyisi, amarisidi, nezitatimende zasebhange kusekela ukuba semthethweni kwemibiko yezezimali. Dala uhlelo lokufaka olulula olunezigaba nezinsuku. Uma kungenzeka, skena amadokhumenti bese uwagcina ngedijithali ngezinjongo zokuphepha. Ukufaka okuhleliwe kusiza ekuhlolweni kwangaphakathi, izicelo zemali mboleko, kanye nokuhlolwa kwentela.
4. Lungisa ishadi lama-akhawunti (uhlu lwama-akhawunti)
Ishadi lama-akhawunti lisiza ukuthengiselana ngamaqembu ukudala imibiko ehlelekile kakhulu. Izibonelo zezigaba zama-akhawunti:
- Izimpahla: imali, ibhange, isitokwe, imishini
– Izikweletu: izikweletu zokuhweba, izikweletu zasebhange
– I-Equity: imali eyinhloko, imali engenayo egciniwe
– Imali engenayo: ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo, imali engenayo yesevisi
– Izindleko: amaholo, irenti, ukumaketha, izinto zokusetshenziswa
Ngohlu olucacile lwama-akhawunti, ngeke udideke ngokubeka ukuthengiselana futhi ugweme ukuhlanganisa ngokungaguquki.
5. Yenza ukubuyisana kwebhange njalo
Ukubuyisana kwebhange kuyinqubo yokufanisa amarekhodi ezezimali angaphakathi nezitatimende ze-akhawunti yasebhange. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuthengiselana okuphuthelwe, amaphutha okufakwayo, noma izindleko zasebhange ezingabhalwanga. Yenza lokhu ekupheleni kwenyanga ngayinye. Lo mkhuba uthuthukisa ukunemba kokubika futhi usiza ekutholeni amaphutha kusenesikhathi.
6. Phatha imali ekhokhwayo kanye nemali ekhokhwayo ngesheduli ecacile
Uma ukuthengiswa kwenziwa ngesikweletu, ama-akhawunti afanele ukukhokhelwa kudingeka aqashwe. Bhala uhlu lwemali edingekayo ngosuku lokugcina bese uhlela ukuqoqwa kwezimali. Kunjalo nangamabhuku afanele ukukhokhwa: bhala phansi umthengisi, inani, kanye nosuku lokukhokha ukuze ugweme ukubambezeleka.
Ukuhamba kwemali kuvame ukuphazamiseka hhayi ngoba ibhizinisi lingenzi nzuzo, kodwa ngenxa yezikweletu ezimbi noma izinkokhelo zezikweletu ezingahleliwe. Ngokuphathwa okunesizotha, lezi zingozi zingancishiswa.
7. Vala izincwadi bese udala umbiko wanyanga zonke
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imibiko yezezimali iwusizo, yilungiselele njalo, isibonelo, ekupheleni kwenyanga ngayinye. Ukuvala izincwadi kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuthengiselana kwenyanga kufakiwe, kuhlelwe kahle, futhi kufingqiwe embikweni. Imibiko yanyanga zonke ikuvumela ukuthi uqaphe izitayela futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokulungisa ngokushesha uma izindleko zikhuphuka noma ukuthengisa kwehla.
8. Hlaziya imibiko bese wenza izinqumo
Ukuphatha imibiko yezezimali akugcini nje ngokulungiselela. Udinga ukuhlaziya imiphumela. Ezinye izinkomba ezilula ongazisebenzisa:
– Inzuzo ephelele: inzuzo ephelele uma iqhathaniswa nokuthengisa. Uma yehla, hlola izindleko zakho noma intengo yokuthengisa.
– Isilinganiso semali: ikhono lemali lokumboza izikweletu zesikhashana.
– Ukushintshana kwempahla: ukuthi izimpahla zithengiswa ngokushesha kangakanani, ukuze kugwenywe ukunqwabelana kwesitoko.
– Ukukhula kwemali engenayo: qhathanisa le nyanga nenyanga edlule.
Lokhu kuhlaziya kusiza ekunqumeni amasu: ukunciphisa izindleko, ukwandisa amanani, ukuthuthukisa ukukhushulwa, noma ukuhlela kabusha isitoko.
Amathuluzi okwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwezezimali
Njengamanje, ukuphathwa kwemibiko yezezimali kungasizwa ngamathuluzi amaningi, okuhlanganisa:
– Ispredishithi (i-Excel/amaSpredishithi e-Google): ifanele amabhizinisi amancane angenazo izinkokhelo eziningi kakhulu.
– Isicelo se-accounting: sisiza ekudalweni kwemibiko ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukubuyisana kwebhange, kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla.
– I-POS (Indawo Yokuthengisa): isiza ukurekhoda ukuthengiswa kwansuku zonke kanye nesitoko ngesikhathi sangempela, ikakhulukazi kwezokuthengisa nezokupheka.
Khetha amathuluzi afanela izidingo zakho, isabelomali, kanye namakhono ezinsizakusebenza zabantu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, idatha kufanele itholakale kalula futhi isesheke.
Amaphutha avamile okufanele uwagweme
Amanye amaphutha avame ukwenzeka ekuphathweni kwezezimali yile:
– ukuqoshwa kwezentengiselwano sekwephuzile ukuze kulahleke eziningi,
- ukuxuba imali yomuntu siqu neyebhizinisi,
– ukungagcini ubufakazi bokuthengiselana,
– ukungaqapheli imali ekhokhwayo kanye nemali ekhokhwayo,
- gxila kuphela enzuzweni ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuhamba kwemali,
– yenza imibiko kanye ngonyaka kuphela, ukuze izinkinga zitholakale sekwephuzile kakhulu.
Ukugwema la maphutha kuzokwandisa ukuqina kwebhizinisi futhi kwenze ukuphathwa kwezezimali kube ngochwepheshe kakhulu.
I-Penutup
Ukuphathwa kwezezimali okuhle kuyindlela yokutshala imali yesikhathi eside yokuzinza kwebhizinisi. Ngokuqoshwa kahle kokuthengiselana, ukugcinwa kobufakazi okuhlelekile, ukubuyisana njalo kwebhange, kanye nokulungiswa kwemibiko yezezimali yanyanga zonke, ungaqonda isimo sangempela sebhizinisi lakho. Imibiko yezezimali ephethwe kahle ingaphezu nje kwezinombolo, kodwa iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulawula izindleko, ukugcina ukuhamba kwemali, ukuhlela ukukhula, nokwenza izinqumo zebhizinisi ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa. Qala ngemikhuba emincane, ehambisanayo, ngoba yilapho kwakhiwa khona ukuphathwa kwemibiko yezezimali okuqinile.
