Indima Yobuchwepheshe Bolwazi Ekuphathweni Kwebhizinisi
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT) sebube yisisekelo esibalulekile sendlela izinhlangano eziqhuba ngayo ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi. Nakuba ukuphatha kwakufana nezinqwaba zamaphepha, ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi ngesandla, kanye nezinqubo zokugunyazwa ezithatha isikhathi, i-IT manje inikeza izinhlelo ezisheshayo, ezinembe kakhulu, nezisobala. Lezi zinguquko azithinti nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yokwenza izinqumo, isevisi yamakhasimende, kanye nokuncintisana kwenkampani. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendima ye-IT ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi, izinzuzo zayo, izinselele zokuqaliswa, kanye neziqondiso zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.
1. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezinqubo zokuphatha
Indima esobala kakhulu ye-IT ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ukuguqula izinqubo zokuphatha kusuka ekusebenziseni ngesandla kuya kwezinhlelo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukuphatha izincwadi, izingobo zomlando zamadokhumenti, amarekhodi ezezimali, isitokwe, kanye nedatha yabasebenzi. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha amadokhumenti, izinkampani zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamaphepha, zinciphise ingozi yamadokhumenti alahlekile, futhi zisheshise ukubuyiswa kwedatha.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kudala nezindinganiso zomsebenzi ezihambisanayo. Amafomethi edokhumenti, izinqubo zokugunyazwa, ngisho nokuqanjwa kwamafayela kungalinganiswa, okwenza umsebenzi phakathi kwezigaba ube lula futhi kube lula ukuwuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo ezazidinga imihlangano yobuso nobuso ngaphambili zingaqhutshwa ku-inthanethi, isibonelo ngokusebenzisa amasignesha edijithali kanye nezinhlelo zokulahla izikweletu nge-elekthronikhi.
2. Ukuzenzakalela ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kukhiqizwe kahle
Ngaphezu kokwenziwa kwedijithali, i-IT iqhuba ukuzenzekela, ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kuvame ukuhilela imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo njengokufaka idatha, ukubika ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuthumela ama-invoyisi, izikhumbuzo zokukhokha, kanye nokubukezwa kokuba khona. Ukuzenzekela kusiza ukunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi wokuphatha, kukhulula abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile emisebenzini enenani eliphezulu njengokuhlaziya, ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu.
Isibonelo, izinhlelo zesimanje zokubala imali zingaqopha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthengiselana, zibale intela, futhi zenze izitatimende zenzuzo nokulahlekelwa. Izinhlelo ze-HR zingaphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhefu, isikhathi esengeziwe, kanye nomholo. Ngisho nakumabhizinisi amancane, ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-POS (Point of Sale) kungenza kube lula ukuqopha ukuthengisa kanye nempahla ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubala ngesandla.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha ngezinhlelo ze-ERP kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi
Ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi, inkinga evamile idatha esakazeke ezindaweni eziningi: amaspredishithi ahlukene, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaxhunyiwe, noma amafayela angokoqobo. I-IT inikeza izixazululo zokuhlanganisa ngezinhlelo ze-Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ezihlanganisiwe ezixhumanisa imisebenzi ebalulekile njengezezimali, ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, ukugcina impahla, kanye ne-HR.
Ngokuhlanganiswa, idatha ingageleza ngokuzenzakalelayo isuka kwenye inqubo iye kwenye. Isibonelo, lapho umnyango wokuthengisa udala i-oda, uhlelo lunganciphisa ngokushesha isitokwe, luqalise inqubo yokuthumela, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lukhiqize i-invoyisi. Lokhu kunciphisa amaphutha okufaka kabili, kuqinisekisa idatha ehambisanayo, futhi kusheshise ukuhamba komsebenzi phakathi kweminyango.
4. Sekela ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha
Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi akukhona nje ukugcina amarekhodi; kuhilela nokukhiqiza ulwazi lokuphatha. I-IT ivumela izinkampani ukuthi ziguqule idatha yokuthengiselana ibe ulwazi oluwusizo ngokusebenzisa amadeshibhodi, i-Business Intelligence (BI), kanye nokuhlaziya. Ngokubika ngesikhathi sangempela, abaphathi bangaqapha izimo zezimali, umkhiqizo wabasebenzi, amazinga esitokwe, kanye nokusebenza kokuthengisa ngaphandle kokulinda ukubika ngesandla.
Izinqumo zebhizinisi ezisekelwe kudatha zivame ukuba nombono oqondile futhi ezilinganiswayo. Isibonelo, izinkampani zingabona ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo enenzuzo kakhulu, ekhiqiza izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu kakhulu, noma ukuthi yiziphi izinkathi zokuthengisa ezifinyelela phezulu. Ukuhlaziya kusiza futhi ukuthola izinkinga ngokushesha, njengokwenyuka kwezindleko okungenangqondo noma ukubambezeleka kokulethwa okuphindaphindiwe.
5. Ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokubambisana
I-IT iqinisa ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi nge-imeyili yenkampani, izinhlelo zokusebenza zengxoxo yomsebenzi, imihlangano yevidiyo, kanye namapulatifomu okubambisana kwamadokhumenti. Ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi, ukuxhumana okushelelayo kubalulekile ngoba izinqubo eziningi zidinga ukubambisana phakathi kweminyango, njengokuvunyelwa kwesabelomali, izicelo zokuthenga, noma ukuphatha izinkontileka nabalingani.
Ngeplatifomu yokubambisana, imibhalo ingasebenza ndawonye, izinguquko zingaqoshwa, futhi izinguqulo zemibhalo zingalawulwa kangcono. Imihlangano ingabanjwa futhi ku-inthanethi, okusindisa isikhathi kanye nezindleko zokuhamba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinamagatsha ezindaweni eziningi noma lezo ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe nezikude.
6. Ukuqinisa isevisi yamakhasimende kanye nobudlelwano bebhizinisi
Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kuhlobene kakhulu nenkonzo yamakhasimende, ikakhulukazi ekuphatheni ama-oda, ama-invoyisi, izikhalazo, kanye nokuxhumana. I-IT isiza izinkampani ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesevisi ngezinhlelo ze-CRM (Customer Relationship Management) ezigcina umlando wokuxhumana kwamakhasimende, izintandokazi, kanye nesimo sokuthengiselana.
Nge-CRM, izinkampani zingaphendula amakhasimende ngokushesha nangendlela eyenzelwe wena. Isibonelo, abasebenzi bangabuka isimo sokulethwa, umlando wokuthenga, noma izikhalazo zangaphambilini lapho ikhasimende lixhumana nabo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, kodwa futhi kuqinisa ukwethembeka futhi kusiza izinkampani ukwakha ubudlelwano bebhizinisi besikhathi eside.
7. Ukuphepha kwedatha kanye nokuthobela imithetho
Esikhathini sedijithali, ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kubhekene nezinselele ezintsha ezihlobene nokuphepha kolwazi. Idatha yezezimali, idatha yabasebenzi, kanye nedatha yamakhasimende kuyizinto ezibalulekile okumele zivikelwe. I-IT idlala indima ekuhlinzekeni ngezinhlelo zokuphepha ezifana nokulawula ukufinyelela, ukubethela idatha, ama-backups azenzakalelayo, ama-firewall, kanye nama-audit log.
Ngaphandle kokuphepha, i-IT iyasiza futhi ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo kanye nezindinganiso zemboni. Isibonelo, ukuqoshwa okunembile kokuthengiselana kwenza kube lula ukuhlolwa, izinhlelo zokufaka amadokhumenti zedijithali zenza kube lula ukulandelela amadokhumenti, futhi ukulawula ukufinyelela kusiza ekugcineni imfihlo yedatha. Izinkampani ezinganaki ukuphepha kwedatha zibeka engcupheni ukuvuza kolwazi, ukulahlekelwa kwezezimali, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa ngumphakathi.
8. Izinselele ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe bolwazi
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, ukusebenzisa i-IT ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Inselele enkulu eyodwa izindleko: ukuthengwa kwemishini, ukulayisensa isofthiwe, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwesistimu. Enye inselele ukumelana kwabasebenzi noshintsho. Abanye bakhululekile ngezindlela zakudala noma besaba ukuthi ubuchwepheshe "buzothatha indawo" yezindima zabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu okungafanele kungadala izinkinga ezintsha, njengezinhlelo okunzima ukuzisebenzisa, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma idatha ehlanganisiwe kabi. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zidinga ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo, zikhethe izixazululo ezifanele izinga lebhizinisi lazo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuphathwa koshintsho okuphumelelayo.
9. Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwe-IT ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi
Kusukela manje, indima ye-IT ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi izokhula ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-cloud computing, i-artificial intelligence (AI), kanye ne-robotic process automation (RPA). Ifu livumela ukufinyelela kudatha nezinhlelo kusuka noma kuphi ngezindleko eziguquguqukayo. I-AI ingasiza ngokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukubikezela izitayela, kanye nezincomo zokwenza izinqumo. Okwamanje, i-RPA ingathatha ngokushesha nangokungaguquguquki imisebenzi yokuphatha ephindaphindwayo.
Ezinye izitayela zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwama-e-signatures, izinhlelo zokusebenza zedijithali, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezicelo ngama-API, okwenza izinkampani zisheshe kakhulu. Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi, okwakuwumsebenzi wokusekela nje, manje sekuguqukela ekubeni yisikhungo solwazi esiza izinhlangano ukuthi zivumelane futhi zikhule.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi budlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi lanamuhla. Ngokusebenzisa idijithali, ukuzenzakalela, ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphepha, i-IT isiza izinkampani ukuthi zisebenze kahle futhi ngempumelelo. Ngenkathi kukhona izinselelo zokusebenzisa, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside ze-IT zibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kokwenza izinqumo kanye nokuncintisana. Esikhathini esizayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cloud computing, i-AI, kanye nokwenzakalela kuzoqinisa kakhulu ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi njengomgogodla wemisebenzi yenkampani eqhutshwa idatha, eshesha, futhi eguquguqukayo.
