Mekhoa ea ho Etsa Sampole ea Mali a Liphoofolo
Ho nka disampole tsa mali ho tsoa liphoofolong ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa bongaka ba liphoofolo, lipatlisiso le tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo. Ho lumella ho beha leihlo bophelo bo botle, ho hlahloba mafu le ho hlahloba litekanyo tsa biochemical. Ho tseba mekhoa ea ho nka disampole tsa mali ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fumana lintlha tse nepahetseng ha ho ntse ho netefatsoa boiketlo ba phoofolo. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho nka disampole tsa mali a liphoofolo, ho totobatsa mekhoa e metle le lintho tse lokelang ho nahanoa bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng.
Selelekela sa ho Etsa Sampole ea Mali a Liphoofolo
Ho nka disampole tsa mali ho kenyelletsa ho ntša mali a manyane phoofolong bakeng sa merero ea tlhahlobo kapa lipatlisiso. Mokhoa ona o tlameha ho etsoa ka hloko ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo le kotsi ho phoofolo. Mabaka a fapaneng, a kang mofuta oa phoofolo, boholo, lilemo le boemo ba bophelo bo botle, a susumetsa khetho ea mokhoa le lisebelisoa tse loketseng.
Melao-motheo e Akaretsang
Pele o hlahloba mekhoa e itseng, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa melao-motheo e meng e akaretsang e sebetsang mekhoeng eohle ea ho nka sampole ea mali:
1. Boiketlo ba Liphoofolo: Netefatsa khatello ea maikutlo le ho se phutholohe ho fokolang ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e loketseng ea ho thibela le meriana e kokobetsang bohloko ha ho hlokahala.
2. Ho se be le nyopa: Boloka tikoloho e se nang nyopa ho thibela ditshwaetso.
3. Boleng ba Sampole: Sebelisa lipeipi tse loketseng tsa pokello, tšoara lisampole ka bonolo, 'me u li sebetse ka katleho ho boloka botsitso ba tsona.
4. Polokeho: Sireletsa phoofolo le mohlokomedi, o sebedisa disebediswa tsa tshireletso tsa motho ka mong (PPE) haeba ho hlokahala.
5. Koetliso: Bahlokomeli ba lokela ho koetlisoa hantle mahlaleng le ho ba le bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le mofuta o itseng oa liphoofolo.
Mekhoa ea ho Etsa Sampole ea Mali Mefuta e Fapaneng
Litoeba (Litoeba le Likhoto)
1. Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea mohatla:
– Mokhoa: Thibela roto ka bonolo 'me u futhumatse mohatla ho atolosa methapo. Hloekisa mohatla ka joala, ebe u sebelisa nale kapa lancet ho phunya mothapo. Bokella mali u sebelisa tube ea capillary.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: E loketse li-volume tse nyane; qoba ho nka sampole khafetsa ho tloha sebakeng se le seng ho thibela ho ba le maqeba.
2. Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea Saphenous:
– Mokhoa: Tšoara roto ka sesebelisoa sa ho thibela moo leoto la ka morao le leng bonolo ho le fihlela. Kuta le ho hlwekisa sebaka se potileng mothapo o saphenous. Sebelisa nale ho phunya mothapo le ho bokella mali.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Ho nka sampole ea methapo ea mohatla ho ka ba le khatello e fokolang; ho ka sebelisoa bakeng sa bongata bo boholo.
3. Ho etsa sampole ea Retro-Orbital:
– Mokhoa oa ho Buuoa: Tlas'a anesthesia, kenya tube ea capillary ho canthus ea medial ea leihlo ka har'a sinus ea retro-orbital ho bokella mali.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Ho hlokahala boiphihlelo; monyetla oa khatello ea maikutlo le tšenyo e kholo mahlong; ho netefatsa hore ho na le moriana o kokobetsang bohloko o loketseng.
Lintja
1. Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea cephalic:
– Mokhoa: Beha ntja sebakeng se lutseng kapa se robetseng 'me u otlolle leoto le ka pele. Sebelisa khatello e bonolo mothapong ka monoana o moholo ho o phahamisa. Kenya bevel ea nale ka har'a mothapo ho bokella mali ka syringe.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: E tloaelehile ebile e bonolo; hangata lintja lia e mamella hantle.
2. Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea jugular:
– Mokhoa: Beha ntja sebakeng se lutseng kapa se robetseng 'me u atolose molala. Koalla mothapo oa jugular sebakeng sa ho kena sefuba. Kenya nale ka har'a mothapo 'me u bokelle mali.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: E loketse bakeng sa li-volume tse kholo; e hloka boithibo le tsebo e nepahetseng.
3. Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea Saphenous e ka lehlakoreng:
– Mokhoa: Beha ntja boemong ba ho kgutlela morao ka lehlakore, leoto la ka morao le otlolohile. Hatella serope ho phahamisa mothapo, kenya nale, mme o bokelle madi.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: E loketse lintja tse nyane; e molemo bakeng sa lintja tse tšoenyehileng kapa tse thata ho li thibela.
Likatse - Leecork
1. Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea cephalic:
– Mokhoa: Thibela katse ho sisinyeha ka bonolo 'me u otlolle leoto la eona le ka pele. Sebelisa khatello mothapong oa cephalic, kenya nale, 'me u bokelle mali.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Hangata li mamelleha hantle; sebelisa mokhoa o bonolo le o khutsitseng ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo.
2. Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea jugular:
– Mokhoa: Beha katse boemong ba ho dula kapa ho kgutlela morao mme o atolose molala. Kwala mothapo, kenya nale, mme o bokelle madi.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: E lumella pokello ea libuka tse kholo; ho sebetsana ka hloko le ho thibela lintho hoa hlokahala.
Liphoofolo tse Khōlō (Likhomo, Lipere, Linku le Lipōli)
1. Likhomo:
– Ho etsa sampole ea mothapo oa Coccygeal: Beha khomo ka har'a chute kapa headlock ebe u phahamisa mohatla. Hloekisa sebaka se potolohileng mothapo ebe u kenya nale ho bokella mali.
– Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea jugular: Ho tšoana le lintja le likatse, ho sebelisa khatello e bonolo ho koala mothapo oa jugular.
2. Lipere:
– Ho etsa Sampole ea Methapo ea Jugular: Ema ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la pere, otlolla hlooho u sebelisa halter, 'me u koale mothapo. Kenya nale ho bokella mali.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Lipere li ka ba le kutloelo-bohloko; ho sebelisana ka khutso le ho ithiba ho loketseng ke tsa bohlokoa.
3. Linku le Lipōli:
– Ho etsa sampole ea methapo ea jugular: Ho tšoana le lipere, phoofolo e eme kapa e lutse; koala mothapo oa jugular 'me u bokelle mali.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Thibelo e lokela ho ba bonolo ho qoba khatello ea maikutlo le kotsi.
Mekhoa e Khethehileng
1. Lisebelisoa tsa ho Thibela Likheo:
– Litoeba le Liphoofolo tse Nyenyane: Sebelisa lintho tse thibelang ho tsamaea tse nang le sebopeho sa tube kapa khoune ho thibela liphoofolo tse nyane ho phunya venis.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: E fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo 'me e lumella ho nka sampole e sireletsehileng.
2. Linale tsa Serurubele:
– Mokhoa: Linalete tsa serurubele tse nang le liphaephe tse tenyetsehang li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho nka sampole e nepahetseng, e sa keneleng liphoofolong tse nyane.
– Lintho tsa bohlokoa: E thusa bakeng sa ho phunya meno habonolo ho mefuta e menyenyane le liphoofolo tse sa tsoa tsoaloa.
Tlhokomelo ea Kamora ho Etsa Sampole
1. Hemostasis: Kenya khatello e bonolo sebakeng seo ho phuntsoeng ho emisa ho tsoa mali.
2. Tlhokomelo: Ela hloko phoofolo bakeng sa matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo, kotsi, kapa litla-morao tse mpe.
3. Litokomane: Rekota sebaka sa ho nka sampole, bophahamo ba modumo, le lintho tse hlokometsoeng ho netefatsa hore data e ka sala morao le ho nepahala ha eona.
fihlela qeto e
Ho nka sampole ea mali ho tsoa liphoofolong ke mokhoa o nang le boiphihlelo o hlokang tsebo, ho nepahala le kutloelo-bohloko. Ka ho utloisisa mekhoa e ikhethileng ea mefuta le ho latela mekhoa e metle, litsebi tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo le bafuputsi ba ka fumana lisampole tsa boleng bo holimo ha ba ntse ba netefatsa boiketlo ba liphoofolo. Koetliso e tsoelang pele, ho latela lintlha tsa boitšoaro, le tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse loketseng lia hlokahala bakeng sa ho nka sampole ea mali ka katleho le ka botho.
