Bohlokoa ba Tlhahlobo ea Mantle ho Liphoofolo
Tlhahlobo ea mantle, e tsejoang hape e le tlhahlobo ea mantle kapa tlhahlobo ea mantle, ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ba liphoofolo. E kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mantle a phoofolo ho hlahloba bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea bona ea mala (GI). Mokhoa ona o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fumaneng boteng ba maemo a fapaneng a kang tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko, tšoaetso ea baktheria le mathata a tšilo ea lijo. Ka ho hatisa bophelo bo botle le boiketlo ba liphoofolo, tlhahlobo ea mantle e fetohile mokhoa oa bohlokoa maemong a bongaka le a lipatlisiso.
Ho Utloisisa Tlhahlobo ea Mantle
Tlhahlobo ea mantle e na le mekhoa e 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa tlhahlobo ea macroscopic, tlhahlobo ea microscopic, le tlhahlobo ea limolek'hule. Mokhoa o mong le o mong o fana ka temohisiso e ikhethang mabapi le boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba phoofolo.
1. Tlhahlobo ea Macroscopic: Sena se kenyelletsa ho sheba sampole ea mantle ka leihlo le hlobotseng. Li-parameter tse kang 'mala, ho tsitsa, boteng ba mali, mamina, kapa lintho tse ling li ka fana ka leseli mabapi le lijo tsa phoofolo, boemo ba metsi le bophelo bo botle ba GI.
2. Tlhahlobo ea Microscopic: Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlahloba sampole ea mantle ka microscope ho khetholla le ho lekanya likokoana-hloko tse kang libaktheria, protozoa le liboko (liboko). Mekhoa e kang ho flotation ha mantle, sedimentation, le smear e tobileng e sebelisoa hangata.
3. Tlhahlobo ea Limolek'hule: Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele e kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea karabelo ea ketane ea polymerase (PCR) le mekhoa e meng ea limolek'hule ho lemoha likokoana-hloko tse itseng ka ho nepahala ho hoholo. Mekhoa ena e thusa haholo ho khetholla likokoana-hloko tse thata ho li lemoha tse ka 'nang tsa se bonahale ka microscope.
Ho fumanoa ha Parasite
E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho hlahloba mantle ke ho lemoha tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko. Likokoana-hloko tse kang liboko tse chitja, liboko tsa hookworm, liboko tse tepeletseng, le li-protozoa tse kang Giardia le coccidia li atile liphoofolong tse ngata, tse ruuoang le tse hlaha. Likokoana-hloko tsena li ka baka mathata a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle ho tloha mathateng a manyane a mala ho isa ho mafu a tebileng a tsamaiso ea 'mele.
Likokoana-hloko tsa Helminths
Liboko tsa Helminth, kapa liboko tse phelang ka har'a likokoana-hloko, li ka baka mathata a bohlokoa a bophelo bo botle liphoofolong. Boteng ba liboko tsena bo ka lebisa ho khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, khaello ea mali, 'me maemong a tebileng, lefu.
– Liboko tse chitja: Tsena li tloaelehile malinyaneng le likatseneng. Li ka baka matšoao a kang ho hlatsa, letšollo le ponahalo e kang mpeng.
– Liboko tsa hookworm: Liboko tsena li khomarela lera la mala 'me li ja mali, e leng se lebisang ho khaello ea mali, ho theola boima ba 'mele le ho tepella.
– Liboko tse tenya: Li bonahala ka likarolo tse ka har'a mantle, liboko tse tenya li ka baka ho theoha ha boima ba 'mele le boemo bo bobe ba boea.
protozoa
Likokoana-hloko tsa protozoal ke lintho tse phelang tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe tse ka lebisang mathateng a maholo a mala.
– Giardia: Protozoa ena e baka giardiasis, e khetholloang ke letšollo, ho theola boima ba 'mele le ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng.
– Coccidia: E atile haholo liphoofolong tse nyane, coccidia e ka baka coccidiosis, e iponahatsang e le letšollo le ka linako tse ling mali mantle.
Ho hlwaya dikokwana-hloko tsena ka tlhahlobo ya mantle ho dumella ho kenella ka nako ka kalafo e nepahetseng, jwalo ka meriana ya anthelmintic kapa meriana e thibelang dikokwana-hloko.
Matšoao a Baktheria
Tlhahlobo ea mantle e ka boela ea thusa ho khetholla likokoana-hloko tsa baktheria tse bakang tšoaetso ea mala. Libaktheria tse bakang mafu tse kang Salmonella, Campylobacter, le Clostridium li ka fumanoa lisampoleng tsa mantle. Litšoaetso tsena hangata li lebisa letšollong le matla, ho hlatsa, feberu le bohloko ba mpa.
Ho lemoha tšoaetso ea baktheria esale pele ka tlhahlobo ea mantle ho lumella phekolo e reretsoeng lithibela-mafu, ho ntlafatsa menyetla ea ho hlaphoheloa le ho fokotsa kotsi ea mathata. Ho feta moo, ho lemoha ka nako ho ka thusa ho thibela ho ata ha tšoaetso ea zoonotic ho batho le liphoofolong tse ling.
Mathata a amanang le ho ja
Tlhahlobo ea mantle e fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le mafu a fapaneng a tšilo ea lijo, e thusang ho fumana maemo a kang ho se monye mali, lefu la ho ruruha ha mala (IBD), le ho se sebetse hantle ha pancreatic exocrine (EPI).
Malabsorption
Matšoao a malabsorption a ka fella ka letšollo le sa foleng, ho theola boima ba 'mele le steatorrhea (mantle a mafura). Tlhahlobo ea mantle e ka thusa ho khetholla likaroloana tsa lijo tse sa melloang, mafura a mangata le lintho tse ling tse sa tloaelehang, e leng se tataisang lingaka tsa liphoofolo ho hlahloba le ho phekola lisosa tsa motheo tsa malabsorption.
Lefu la ho ruruha ha mala (IBD)
IBD ke boemo bo sa foleng bo khetholloang ke ho ruruha ha tsela ea mala. Tlhahlobo ea mantle e ka senola boteng ba lisele tse ruruhang le libaktheria tse sa tloaelehang, e leng se thusang ho hlahloba le ho laola IBD ka liphetoho tsa lijo le kalafo ea bongaka.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)
EPI ke boemo boo manyeme a hlolehang ho hlahisa dienzyme tse lekaneng tsa tšilo ya dijo, e leng se lebisang ho se monyeng hantle le phepo e nepahetseng. Tlhahlobo ya mantle e ka lemoha ho ba sieo ha dienzyme tsa manyeme, e tiisang ho fumanwa ha EPI le ho tataisa tsamaiso ya phekolo ya ho nkela dienzyme sebaka.
Tlhahlobo ea Phepo
Ka ho hlahloba mantle a phoofolo, lingaka tsa liphoofolo li ka fumana temohisiso mabapi le boemo ba eona ba phepo. Likaroloana tsa lijo tse sa siloang, boteng ba mafura a mangata, kapa botsitso bo sa tloaelehang ba mantle li ka bontša ho se lekane ha lijo kapa mathata a ho monngoa ha limatlafatsi. Tlhahisoleseling ena e thusa ho theha merero e nepahetseng ea lijo ho netefatsa phepo e nepahetseng le bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso.
Ho lemoha Chefo le Lintho tse Halefisang
Tlhahlobo ea mantle e ka boela ea thusa ho khetholla boteng ba chefo le lintho tse halefisang tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo ea phoofolo. Mohlala, ho ja lintho tse ling tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, limela tse chefo, kapa lik'hemik'hale ho ka lebisa mathateng a mala. Ka ho sekaseka sampole ea mantle, lingaka tsa liphoofolo li ka lemoha lintho tse sa tloaelehang 'me tsa fana ka mekhoa ea phekolo e hlokahalang ho fokotsa liphello tse kotsi tsa chefo ena.
Tlhokomelo ea Kalafo ea Kalafo
Tlhahlobo ea mantle khafetsa e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho lekoleng katleho ea kalafo e tsoelang pele bakeng sa maemo a fapaneng. Mohlala, litlhahlobo tsa mantle kamora kalafo li ka tiisa ho felisoa ha likokoana-hloko kapa ho felisoa ha tšoaetso ea baktheria. Sena se netefatsa hore phoofolo e arabetse hantle meriana e laetsoeng 'me e thibela ho khutla ha lefu lena.
Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo e Thibelang
Tlhahlobo ea kamehla ea mantle ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle bakeng sa liphoofolo. Tlhahlobo ea kamehla e thusa ho lemoha mathata a ka bang teng a bophelo bo botle esale pele, e leng se lumellang ho kenella kapele pele boemo bo mpefala. Mokhoa ona oa ho itšireletsa ha o ntlafatse boleng ba bophelo ba phoofolo feela empa hape o fokotsa kotsi ea ho fetisetsa tšoaetso ho liphoofolo tse ling le batho.
fihlela qeto e
Tlhahlobo ea mantle ke sesebelisoa se matla sa tlhahlobo se fanang ka tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba phoofolo. Ho tloha ho fumaneng tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko le tšoaetso ea baktheria ho ea ho fumaneng mathata a tšilo ea lijo le ho hlahloba boemo ba phepo e nepahetseng, tlhahlobo ea mantle e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa bongaka ba liphoofolo. Ka ho nolofalletsa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng le e nakong, tlhahlobo ea mantle e nolofalletsa kalafo e sebetsang le tlhokomelo ea thibelo, ho netefatsa boiketlo ba liphoofolo. Ha tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a tlhahlobo e ntse e tsoela pele, tlhahlobo ea mantle ntle ho pelaelo e tla lula e le lejoe la motheo la mokhoa oa bongaka ba liphoofolo, e tlatsetsa bophelong bo botle le boiketlong ba liphoofolo lefatšeng ka bophara.
