Cytosol: Karolo e sa Bonahaleng ea Lisele
Ha re ithuta baeloji ea sele, hangata re tsepamisa maikutlo likarolong tse bonahalang le tse ka khetholloang ka ho hlaka, tse kang nucleus, mitochondria, le endoplasmic reticulum. Leha ho le joalo, ka hare ho sele ho na le sebaka se pharaletseng haholo le se atisang ho hlokomolohuoa: cytosol. Cytosol ke mokelikeli o rarahaneng oa ka hare ho sele moo lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa metabolism li etsahalang 'me likarolo tse ling tsa sele li phaphamala. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba lintho tse kenang le tse tsoang tsa cytosol, karolo ea eona ka seleng, le hore na ke hobane'ng ha e le ea bohlokoa hakaale bophelong ba sele.
Cytosol ke eng?
Pele re kenella moqoqong ho ea pele, ho bohlokoa ho khetholla pakeng tsa cytosol le cytoplasm. Cytosol ke karolo e metsi ea cytoplasm, ntle le li-organelle le libopeho tsa ka hare ho sele joalo ka cytoskeleton. Ho sa le joalo, cytoplasm e akaretsa lintho tsohle tse ka hare ho sele ka har'a lera la plasma, ntle le nucleus. Ka mantsoe a mang, haeba cytoplasm e ne e ka tšoantšoa le toropo, joale cytosol e ne e tla ba literata le libaka tsa sechaba tse hokahanyang mehaho.
Cytosol boholo ba eona ke metsi, empa ho sa tsotellehe lebitso la eona, "mokelikeli oa sele," ha se metsi a hloekileng. E na le letsoai le qhibilihisitsoeng, limolek'hule tsa tlhaho, li-ion le liprotheine. Ho tsitsa ha eona ho tšoana le gel ka lebaka la boteng ba limolek'hule le liprotheine tse qhibilihisitsoeng, e leng se etsang hore e be sebaka se loketseng bakeng sa liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Sebopeho sa Cytosol
Cytosol ke motsoako o rarahaneng oa limolek'hule tse fapaneng. Hoo e ka bang 70-80% ea cytosol ke metsi, e leng se phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng sebopeho sa sele le ho lumella limolek'hule ho tsamaea le ho etsa liketso tsa biochemical. Ntle le metsi, cytosol e na le:
1. Liprotheine le Li-enzyme: Liprotheine ke karolo e kholo ea cytosol, ho kenyeletsoa le li-enzyme tse susumetsang liketso tse fapaneng tsa metabolism. Mehlala ea li-enzyme tse fumanoang cytosol e kenyelletsa li-enzyme tse tšeletseng tsa tsela ea glycolysis, tse thusang ho qhaqha glucose ho hlahisa matla.
2. Li-Ion le Matsoai: Li-Ion tse kang potassium, sodium, magnesium le calcium lia qhibiliha ka har'a cytosol 'me li bapala karolo ea ho laola ts'ebetso ea sele ka ho laola bokhoni ba lera le matšoao a sele.
3. Limolek'hule tsa Organic: Tsena li kenyelletsa lik'habohaedreite tse bonolo, li-amino acid, li-nucleotide le lipids. Limolek'hule tsena tsa organic lia hlokahala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea macromolecule.
4. Li-filament tsa Cytoskeletal: Le hoja e se karolo ea mokelikeli oa cytosolic, li-filament tsa cytoskeletal li fana ka tšehetso ea sebopeho le litsela tsa ho tsamaisa limolek'hule le li-organelle ka har'a sele.
Mesebetsi ea Cytosol
Le hoja hangata e hlokomolohuoa, cytosol e na le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea bohlokoa:
1. Moo Metabolism e Hlahang Teng: Litsela tse ngata tsa metabolism ea sele, ho kenyeletsoa le glycolysis, li etsahala ka har'a cytosol. Lienzyme le li-substrate tsa litsela tsena li teng ka har'a cytosol, 'me sehlahisoa sa glycolysis ke pyruvic acid, e ka sebelisoang hape mitochondria bakeng sa tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea matla.
2. Tsamaiso ea Ka Hare ho Sele: Cytosol e sebetsa e le sebaka seo limolek'hule le li-organelle li ka tsamaeang ka sona ka har'a sele. Li-microtubule le li-microfilament tsa cytoskeleton li fana ka litsela tsa ho tsamaisa li-vesicle le li-organelle ka har'a cytosol ka mekhoa ea liprotheine tse tsamaeang joalo ka kinesin le dynein.
3. Taolo ea Osmosis le Bophahamo ba Sele: Ho bokellana ha li-ion ka har'a cytosol ho ama khatello ea osmotic, e leng se amang taolo ea bophahamo ba sele. Taolo ena ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba sele le ho thibela ho senyeha ha sele kapa ho fokotseha ka lebaka la liphetoho khatellong ea osmotic.
4. Phetisetso ea Matšoao: Litsela tse ngata tsa phetisetso ea matšoao li itšetlehile ka liprotheine le li-ion tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a cytosol. Matšoao ana a ka hlaha ka ntle ho sele 'me a baka likarabo tse kang ho ata, apoptosis, kapa liphetoho tsa metabolism.
Ho Fetola Cytosol Liseleng tse Fapaneng
Joalo ka likarolo tse ling tse ngata tsa sele, sebopeho le mosebetsi oa cytosol li ka fapana ho latela mofuta oa sele le tikoloho. Mohlala, lisele tsa mesifa li hloka mahloriso a mangata a calcium ions ka har'a cytosol ho nolofatsa ho honyela ha mesifa. Ho sa le joalo, lisele tsa limela le tsa baktheria li ka ba le likarolo tsa cytosolic tse etselitsoeng ho boloka le ho fetola matla tlas'a maemo a feteletseng a tikoloho.
Cytosol e le Sepheo sa Lipatlisiso
Kaha mesebetsi e meholo ea lik'hemik'hale e etsahala ka har'a cytosol, ha ho makatse hore ebe lipatlisiso tse kholo li shebane le ho lekanya liparamente tsa cytosolic tse kang pH, mahloriso a ion le viscosity. Liphetoho tsena li ka 'na tsa baka mafu a mangata le maemo a pathological. Mohlala, ho se sebetse hantle ha taolo ea ionic e bakoang ke tšenyo ea liprotheine tsa lera ho ka fella ka mafu a kang cystic fibrosis.
Thutong ea meriana, cytosol e boetse e ithutoa e le sepheo sa nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi. Liprotheine tse ka har'a cytosol li ka sebetsa e le lipheo tsa limolek'hule bakeng sa metsoako ea phekolo, joalo ka li-enzyme tse itseng tse amehang litseleng tsa metabolism ea sele ea mofetše tse ka 'nang tsa thibeloa bakeng sa kalafo ea mofetše.
Qetello
Cytosol e kanna ea se be le meaho e mengata e khahlang joalo ka li-organelle tse ling, empa e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng ts'ebetso ea sele le bophelo bo botle. Ka ho nolofatsa lits'ebetso tsa metabolism, ho laola sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa kahare, le ho nolofalletsa puisano lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa sele, cytosol e bohlokoa bophelong ba sele.
Thuto ea cytosol e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha, 'me ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea microscopy le tlhahlobo ea biochemical, re ntse re utloisisa haholoanyane ho rarahana ha lefats'e le lenyenyane le tlatsang libaka tse ka har'a lisele. Bokamoso ba lipatlisiso tsena bo tšepisa kutloisiso e tebileng ea hore na liphetoho tsa cytosol li ka ama bophelo bo botle joang, e leng se re thusang ho fumana litharollo tse ncha liphephetsong tse fapaneng tsa bongaka. Lefatšeng la kananelo e ntseng e eketseha bakeng sa lintlha tse nyane tsa baeloji, cytosol e eme e le e 'ngoe ea lipalo tse "sa bonahaleng" empa e le tsa bohlokoa ba baeloji ea sele.
