Cytoplasm: Karolo ea Bohlokoa Liseleng
Thutong ea baeloji ea sele, ho utloisisa sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea sele ho bohlokoa. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa sele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ke cytoplasm. Cytoplasm ke ntho e fumanehang ka har'a lera la sele, ntle le nucleus liseleng tsa eukaryotic. Sehlooho sena se ikemiselitse ho hlahloba cytoplasm, ho totobatsa mesebetsi ea eona le karolo ea eona ts'ebetsong ea sele.
Tlhaloso ea Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm e ka hlalosoa e le karolo ea sele e tlamiloeng ke lera la plasma le e potileng khubu. Cytoplasm e na le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bohlokoa, tse kang li-organelle, cytosol, le li-inclusions tsa sele. Cytosol ke mokelikeli o mokelikeli o sebetsang e le mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale le ho tsamaisoa ha limolek'hule ka har'a sele. E boetse e na le liprotheine tse thusang ho metabolism ea sele.
Likarolo tsa Cytoplasmic
1. Cytosol: Ena ke karolo e metsi ea cytoplasm, e nang le metsi, letsoai le limolek'hule tsa tlhaho tse kang liprotheine. Cytosol e sebetsa e le sebaka seo li-organelle tsa sele li leketlileng ho sona le moo liketso tse ngata tsa metabolism li etsahalang.
2. Li-organelle: Cytoplasm e boetse e na le li-organelle tsa bohlokoa, tseo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e nang le mosebetsi o itseng. Tse ling tsa tsena ke:
– Mitochondria: E tsejoang e le "matlo a matla" a sele, mitochondria e ikarabella bakeng sa tlhahiso ea ATP ka ho hema ha sele.
– Li-Ribosome: Li bapala karolo tlhahisong ea protheine, li-ribosome li ka fumanoa li lokolohile ka har'a cytoplasm kapa li khomaretsoe ho endoplasmic reticulum.
– Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): E na le mefuta e 'meli, ER e se nang mafura le ER e boreleli. ER e se nang mafura e ameha tlhahisong ea protheine, ha ER e se nang mafura e amana le tlhahiso ea lipid le ho ntša chefo 'meleng.
– Sesebelisoa sa Golgi: Mesebetsi phetohong, ho paketeng le kabong ea liprotheine le mafura a hlahisoang ke ER.
– Li-lysosome: E na le li-enzyme tse silang lintho tse sa hlokahaleng kapa tse senyehileng tsa sele.
– Peroxisomes: Kenya letsoho lits'ebetsong tse itseng tsa oxidation le detoxification.
3. Cytoskeleton: Sistimi ea likhoele tsa protheine e fanang ka tšehetso ea sebopeho le sebopeho ho sele, le ho thusa ho tsamaisa le ho tsamaisa ka hare.
4. Dikarolwana tse Kenyelleditsweng ka Sele: Di-granule le dikarolwana tse fapaneng, tse kang marothodi a glycogen kapa lipid, tse bolokilweng ka hara cytoplasm mme di sebediswa ho ya ka ditlhoko tsa metabolism tsa sele.
Mesebetsi ea Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa liseleng tse nang le mesebetsi e latelang:
1. Sebaka seo ho sona dikarabelo tsa metabolism di etsahalang: Dienzyme tse ngata ka har'a cytosol di thusa dikarabelo tse fapaneng tsa biochemical tse kang glycolysis, e leng sa bohlokwa ho faneng ka matla bakeng sa disele.
2. Polokelo ea Limolek'hule: Cytoplasm e boloka limolek'hule tse fapaneng tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea sele, ho kenyeletsoa li-ion, liprotheine le limatlafatsi.
3. Tsamaiso ea Ka Hare ho Sele: Cytoplasm e fana ka tsela ea ho tsamaea ha lintho ka har'a sele ka ho hasana le ho tsamaisoa ha vesicular.
4. Taolo ea pH ea Sele: Cytoplasm e thusa ho boloka botsitso ba acid-base ka seleng ka ho buisana ka liketso tse kenyelletsang li-ion tsa hydrogen.
5. Karabelo Tikolohong: Cytoplasm e dumella disele ho arabela diphetohong tsa tikoloho ka ho laola mosebetsi wa dienzyme le ho tsamaiswa ha dimolek'hule.
Karolo ea Cytoplasm Liseleng tsa Eukaryotic le Prokaryotic
Cytoplasm e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa liseleng tsa eukaryotic le prokaryotic, leha tse ling tsa mesebetsi ena li fapana lipakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli ea lisele.
– Lisele tsa Eukaryotic: Liseleng tsa eukaryotic, cytoplasm e kenyelletsa cytosol, organelles, le cytoskeleton tse bapalang karolo ho tšehetseng le ho nolofatsa mesebetsi e kang tlhahiso ea protheine, tlhahiso ea matla le motsamao oa sele.
– Lisele tsa Prokaryotic: Lisele tsa Prokaryotic, tse kang baktheria, ha li na nucleus kapa li-organelle tse tlamiloeng ka lera, kahoo cytoplasm e bapala karolo e tobileng haholoanyane mesebetsing eohle ea sele. Mekhoa e kang ho ikatisa ha DNA, ho ngoloa ha DNA le phetolelo li etsahala cytoplasm.
Tšusumetso ea Lintho tse sa Tloaelehang ho Cytoplasm
Ho se tloaelehe ha sebopeho kapa mosebetsi oa cytoplasm ho ka lebisa mafung a fapaneng. Mohlala, ho se tloaelehe ha kabo ea li-ion le limolek'hule tsa tlhaho ka har'a cytoplasm ho ka ama osmoregulation le puisano ea sele, e leng se ka lebisang maemong a pathological a kang mofetše, lefu la tsoekere le mathata a methapo ea kutlo.
Lipatlisiso le Boqapi bo Amanang le Cytoplasm
Phuputsong ea baeloji, cytoplasm ke sepheo sa ho nts'etsapele mekhoa ea ho laola liphatsa tsa lefutso le mekhoa ea phekolo ea lisele. Mohlala, ho tlisoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa limolek'hule tsa phekolo ka ente ea cytoplasm ke sebaka se tšepisang bakeng sa kalafo ea mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso le mofetše.
Qetello
Cytoplasm ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisele, e sebeletsang mesebetsi e rarahaneng le e nang le mahlakore a mangata, ho tloha ho nolofatseng liketso tsa biochemical ho ea ho tšehetsa motsamao oa sele le tšireletso. Kutloisiso e tebileng ea cytoplasm ha se ea bohlokoa feela bakeng sa baeloji ea sele empa hape e na le litlamorao tse pharaletseng bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa bongaka le theknoloji ea baeloji. Lintlafatso tsa nakong e tlang lithutong tsa cytoplasm li lebelletsoe ho fana ka temohisiso e ncha bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa mahlale a bophelo bo botle le kalafo ea sele.
