Kamoo Liphaephe li Sebetsang Kateng Mekhoeng ea Geothermal
Pendahuluan
Matla a geothermal ke mofuta oa matla a nchafatsoang a tsoang mochesong o bolokiloeng karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. Tšebeliso ea ona e holile ka potlako e le tharollo ea ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka mafura a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale le ho fokotsa mosi oa carbon dioxide. Karolo ea bohlokoa ea tšebeliso ea matla a geothermal ke marang-rang a liphaephe, tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng maro a chesang ho tloha matamong a geothermal ho ea holimo ebe li ea lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase kapa lits'ebetsong tse ling.
Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Matla a Geothermal
Matla a geothermal a tswa mochesong o bolokilweng kahare ho Lefatshe. Mocheso ona o hlahiswa ke ho bola ha tlhaho ha di-radioactive tsa dielemente tse kang uranium, thorium, le potassium karolong e ka hodimo ya Lefatshe. Mocheso ona o ka fihla hodima Lefatshe ka ho tsamaisa le ho tjhesa ka mokgwa wa phallo ya mokelikeli o chesang kapa mouwane. Mehlodi ena ya geothermal hangata e fumanwa dibakeng tse nang le tshebetso ya seretse se chesang kapa tectonic.
Likarolo tse ka Sehloohong tsa Mekhoa ea Geothermal
Mekhoa ea geothermal hangata e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa, ho kenyeletsoa:
1. Letangoana la mocheso: Lera la lefika le ka tlas'a lefatše le nang le masoba a mangata le ho kenella ho lekana le ho phalla maro a chesang.
2. Seliba sa tlhahiso: Se sebelisetsoa ho ntša maro a chesang ho tsoa ka har'a letamo.
3. Liphaephe kapa marangrang a liphaephe: Ho tsamaisa maro a chesang ho tloha lilibeng tsa tlhahiso ho ea liteisheneng tsa tlhahiso kapa lits'ebetsong tse ling tsa ho qetela.
4. Setsi sa tlhahiso ea motlakase oa geothermal: Se fetola matla a mocheso hore e be matla a motlakase.
5. Ente seliba: E khutlisetsa mokelikeli o pholileng ka tankeng ho boloka khatello e leka-lekane.
Sehloohong sena, sepheo se seholo ke ho buisana ka hore na liphaephe li sebetsa joang marangrang a liphaephe tsa tsamaiso ea geothermal.
Kamoo Liphaephe li Sebetsang Kateng Mekhoeng ea Geothermal
Liphaephe tse tsamaisong ea geothermal li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng maro a chesang ho tloha letamong ho ea holimo. Mehato ea bohlokoa ea hore na liphaephe li sebetsa joang tsamaisong ea geothermal ke ena:
1. Ho Ntša Metsi a Chesang Matlong a Metsi
Qalong, mokelikeli o chesang, hangata metsi a chesang kapa mouoane, o ntšoa letamong la ka tlas'a lefatše ka seliba sa tlhahiso. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea ho cheka le ho kenya sekoting ho tsitsisa seliba. Hang ha letamo le fihlile, mokelikeli o chesang kapa mouoane o phallela holimo ka lebaka la khatello ea tlhaho ea letamo, e leng khatello e phahameng ho feta ea sepakapaka.
2. Lipalangoang ka Liphaephe tse Emang
Hang ha mokelikeli o chesang o fihla holim'a metsi ka seliba sa tlhahiso, o tsamaisoa ka phaephe e otlolohileng, eo hangata e entsoeng ka tšepe e sa cheseng mocheso kapa thepa e 'ngoe e hanelang mocheso o phahameng le mafome. Phaephe ena e sebeletsa ho tsamaisa mokelikeli o chesang ho tloha ka tlas'a lefatše ho ea holimo. Tsamaiso ena ea mokelikeli o chesang e tlameha ho laoloa ka hloko ho thibela tahlehelo ea mocheso le ho boloka ts'ebetso ea sistimi e sebetsa hantle.
3. Taolo ea Khatello le Mocheso
Mekhoa ea liphaephe tse holim'a metsi e na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa taolo, tse kang li-valve, ho laola phallo ea metsi a chesang. Khatello le mocheso oa metsi a chesang li lokela ho bolokoa ka har'a meeli e sireletsehileng ho thibela tšenyo ea liphaephe le lisebelisoa tse ling. Taolo ea mocheso le eona ea bohlokoa bakeng sa phetoho e ntle ea matla a mocheso hore e be motlakase setsing sa motlakase.
4. Kabo ho Liteishene tsa ho Hlahisa
Mokelikeli o chesang ebe o isoa setsing sa motlakase sa geothermal ka marangrang a liphaephe tse koetsoeng hantle ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea mocheso nakong ea lipalangoang. Setsing sa motlakase, mokelikeli ona o chesang o sebelisoa ho khanna turbine e hlahisang motlakase. Turbine ena e hokahantsoe le jenereithara e fetolang matla a mechini hore e be matla a motlakase.
5. Ho Khutlisa Mokelikeli Tanka
Kamora hore matla a ntšoe, mokelikeli o chesang o pholileng o khutlisetsoa polokelong ka liliba tse entsoeng ka ente. Ho khutla ha mokelikeli ona ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka khatello e leka-lekane ka har'a polokelo le ho netefatsa botsitso ba mohloli oa mocheso oa lefatše. Ts'ebetso ena e boetse e thusa ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho putlama ha mobu ka lebaka la ho ntšoa ha mokelikeli o mongata.
Lisebelisoa tsa Liphaephe le Moralo oa Mekhoa ea Geothermal
Ha ho ralwa sistimi ya diphaephe bakeng sa matla a geothermal, kgetho ya thepa le moralo wa diphaephe di bohlokwa. Diphaephe tse sebediswang di lokela ho kgona ho mamella dithempereichara tse phahameng le mafome, hangata di bakwa ke maro a geothermal a nang le diminerale le dikgase tse itseng. Tse ding tsa dintho tse sebediswang hangata di kenyeletsa:
1. Tšepe ea Khabone: E sebelisoa hangata ka lebaka la matla a eona le ho hanyetsa khatello e phahameng, leha e ka angoa habonolo ke mafome tlas'a maemo a itseng.
2. Tšepe e sa Hloekeng: E na le khanyetso e ntle khahlanong le mafome 'me hangata e sebelisoa maemong ao maro a geothermal a nang le lik'hemik'hale tse senyang.
3. Liphaephe tse koahetsoeng: Liphaephe tse koahetsoeng ka thepa e itseng ho eketsa ho hanyetsa mafome le mocheso o phahameng.
Moralo oa phaephe o lokela ho nahana ka:
– Ho thibela mocheso: Ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea mocheso nakong ea ho tsamaisoa ha mokelikeli o chesang.
– Kgatelelo e sebetsang: Liphaephe li lokela ho khona ho mamella khatello e phahameng e tsoang maro a chesang kapa mouoane.
– Kgokelo le Marangrang: Diphaephe di lokela ho etswa ka tsela e tla thusa ho phalla ha mokelikeli hantle le ho dutla ho fokolang.
Lintlha tsa Polokeho le Tlhokomelo
Polokeho le tlhokomelo ea litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tsa geothermal li bohlokoa haholo. Lintlha tse 'maloa li hloka ho nahanoa, ho kenyeletsoa:
1. Tlhokomelo le Tlhahlobo ea Kamehla: Litsamaiso tsa liphaephe li tlameha ho hlahlojoa le ho beoa leihlo khafetsa ho lemoha ho lutla, mafome le tšenyo e 'ngoe. Tlhokomelo ea nako e loketseng e ka thibela ho hloleha ha sistimi ho ka lebisang likotsing.
2. Tšebeliso ea Li-valve tsa Polokeho: Ho thibela ho phatloha kapa ho lokolloa ha khatello ho sa laoleheng, li-valve tsa polokeho li tlameha ho kenngoa libakeng tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa.
3. Mokhoa oa Maemo a Tšohanyetso: Ho lokela hore ho be le moralo o hlakileng oa karabelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso haeba ho ka ba le tšenyo e kholo kapa ho lutla ha metsi.
Qetello
Liphaephe tse tsamaisong ea geothermal li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng maro a chesang ho tloha matamong a metsi ho ea litsing tsa motlakase kapa lits'ebetsong tse ling. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho ntša mokelikeli o chesang, ho o tsamaisa ka phaephe, ho laola khatello le mocheso oa oona, le ho o khutlisetsa polokelong. Ho khetha thepa le meralo ea liphaephe tse loketseng, hammoho le ho ela hloko polokeho le tlhokomelo, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa katleho le botsitso ba litsamaiso tsa geothermal. Ka ho utloisisa hore na liphaephe li sebetsa joang lits'ebetsong tsa geothermal, re ka sebelisa mohloli ona oa matla a nchafatsoang ka katleho bakeng sa litlhoko tsa nakong e tlang.
