Theknoloji e Bokgoni bo Phahameng ho Di-turbine tsa Geothermal
Matla a geothermal a ntse a fumana tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha ka lebaka la bokhoni ba ona ba ho fana ka motlakase o tsitsitseng, o thehiloeng ho eneji e nchafatsoang (baseload), ho ikemela boemong ba leholimo, le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa mesi e hlahisoang ke khabone ha ho bapisoa le lifeme tsa matla a mafura a khale. Leha ho le joalo, phephetso e kholo bakeng sa lifeme tsa matla a geothermal e ho fetoleng mocheso ka katleho ho tsoa matamong a ka tlas'a lefatše hore e be matla a motlakase. Mona ke moo li-turbine tsa geothermal li bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa. Theknoloji e sebetsang hantle haholo li-turbine tsa geothermal e fetoha ka potlako ka boqapi ba moralo oa aerodynamic, thepa, litsamaiso tsa taolo, le kopanyo ea lipotoloho tsa thermodynamic tsa sejoale-joale tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.
Litšobotsi tsa mokelikeli oa geothermal le litlamorao tsa tsona bakeng sa li-turbine
Ho fapana le dijenereithara tsa mouoane tse tlwaelehileng, maro a geothermal hangata a jara ditshila tse kang silica, chloride, H₂S, CO₂, le dikarolwana tse tiileng. Ho feta moo, maemo a tshebetso a ka kenyeletsa mouoane o metsi (mekhahlelo e mmedi), kgatello e tlase haholo, le diphetoho tsa sekgahla sa phallo tse susumetswang ke matla a polokelo. Mabaka ana a baka dikotsi tsa kgoholeho ya mobu, mafome, ho hola (ho tshelwa ha diminerale), le bokgoni bo fokotsehileng haeba turbine e sa etsetswa ka ho kgetheha.
Bokgoni ba turbine ya geothermal ha bo laolwe feela ke tshebetso ya mahare, empa hape le ke bokgoni ba sistimi ba ho boloka boleng ba mouoane, ho fokotsa ho theoha ha kgatello ho sa hlokahaleng, le ho boloka maemo a tshebetso a le haufi le ntlha ya moralo ho sa tsotellehe diphetoho tsa mohlodi.
1) Moralo o tsoetseng pele oa lehare le aerodynamics
E 'ngoe ea lintho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse susumetsang ntlafatso ea bokhoni ke ntlafatso ea boemo ba lehare la turbine. Bahlahisi ba sejoale-joale ba turbine ba sebelisa li-simulation tsa Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ho etsa mohlala oa phallo ea mouoane, kabo ea khatello, le liketsahalo tsa ho thehoa ha marotholi mouoaneng o metsi. Ka CFD, moralo oa lehare o ka ntlafatsoa ho fokotsa tahlehelo e bakoang ke karohano ea phallo, pherekano le ho lutla ha ntlha.
Ho phaella moo, tshebediso ya lehare la mahlakore a mararo (3D) e dumella taolo e betere ya sekhutlo sa phallo ho potoloha bolelele ba lehare. Sena se bohlokwa ho diturbine tsa geothermal hobane phallo hangata ha e ntle ho feta e loketseng: dikahare tsa mouoane o metsi le ho se tsitse ha mocheso di ka eketsa tahlehelo ya aerodynamic. Ka moralo wa 3D, kabo ya mojaro wa aerodynamic e batalatsa haholoanyane, e leng se fellang ka bokgoni bo eketsehileng le bophelo bo bolelele ba lehare.
2) Taolo ea mouoane o metsi: karohano ea mongobo le taolo ea likhoerekhoere
Masimo a mangata a geothermal a hlahisa mouoane o nang le karolo e kholo ea mokelikeli. Mouoane o metsi o fokotsa katleho hobane matla a mang a kinetic a monngoa ho potlakisa marotholi, ha ka nako e ts'oanang a eketsa khoholeho ea lehare ka lebaka la ho sitisoa ha marotholi a lebelo le phahameng. Mahlale a sebetsang hantle haholo a beha taolo ea mongobo pele.
Hodimo ho turbine, di-apartator le di-scrubbers di sebediswa ho arola mokelikeli ho mouoane pele o kena ka turbine. Leha ho le jwalo, boqapi bo ntse bo etsahala ka hara turbine, jwalo ka mekhahlelo ya karohano ya mongobo le ditsamaiso tsa drain tse etseditsweng ho tlosa condensate ho tloha mehatong e itseng. Tsamaiso e nepahetseng ya drain e thibela ho bokellana ha metsi, e fokotsa kgoholeho ya mobu, mme e boloka bokgoni bo phahameng ba isentropic ba turbine.
3) Thepa e hanelang mafome le khoholeho ea mobu: senotlolo sa katleho ea nako e telele
Bokgoni ba turbine ha se palo feela ya ho qala tshebetso; bo lokela ho bolokwa dilemong tse tlang. Ditikolohong tsa geothermal, mafome le kgoholeho ya mobu di ka fetola diprofaele tsa mahare, tsa eketsa ho kgopama ha bokahodimo, mme tsa lebisa ho se leka-lekaneng ha rotor. Tsena tsohle di fokotsa bokgoni mme tsa eketsa nako ya ho se sebetse.
Ka hona, theknoloji e sebetsang hantle haholo e kenyelletsa khetho ea thepa e kang litšepe tse khethehileng tse sa hloekang, li-alloy tse thehiloeng ho nickel bakeng sa libaka tsa bohlokoa, le lipente tse thibelang khoholeho ea mobu le tse thibelang mafome. Lits'ebetsong tse ling, ho sebelisoa hardfacing bohaleng bo ka pele ba lehare ho thibela ho ts'oaroa ha marotholi le likaroloana tse nyane. Thepa e nepahetseng e fokotsa sekhahla sa ho senyeha, e leng se fellang ka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng haholoanyane ea turbine le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ts'ebetso.
4) Phokotso ea ho koala le ho dutla ha metsi: e eketsa katleho ea kahare
Ho dutla ha metsi ka hare ke mohloli o moholo oa tahlehelo liturbineng. Mouoane o "dutlang" ka likheo tsa tiiso ha o hlahise mosebetsi holim'a mahare, empa o ntse o baka ho theoha ha khatello le tahlehelo ea matla. Mahlale a sejoale-joale a tiiso—ho kenyeletsoa le litiiso tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa labyrinth, litiiso tsa borashe tse ikhethileng, le taolo ea ho tlosa litšila—a kenya letsoho ka kotloloho ntlafatsong ea ts'ebetso.
Mokhoa o mong oa bohlokoa ke ho fokotsa ho thiba ntlha ea lehare ntle le ho baka ho hohla ho feteletseng. Sena se finyelloa ka meralo ea casing le rotor e nahanang ka katoloso ea mocheso, hammoho le tšebeliso ea litsamaiso tsa ho thothomela le tsa ho lekola mocheso ho bolela esale pele maemo a ts'ebetso. Ka ho lutla ho fokolang, tlhahiso ea turbine e eketseha ka sekhahla se tšoanang sa phallo.
5) Ts'ebetso e feto-fetohang le sistimi ea taolo e bohlale
Difeme tsa motlakase tsa geothermal di sebetsa hantle ka botsitso, empa ha e le hantle, sekgahla sa phallo ya mouoane le kgatello di ka fetoha ka lebaka la dibopeho tsa polokelo, ho hola ha diphaephe, kapa diphetoho leanong la ho kenya. Diturbine tse sebetsang hantle di hloka sistimi ya taolo e kgonang ho boloka tshebetso sebakeng se nang le phaello e kgolo.
Mahlale a morao-rao a taolo a kenyelletsa balaoli ba nepahetseng le li-valve control, litsamaiso tsa tšireletso tse potlakileng ka lebelo le phahameng, le kopanyo ea data ea nako ea sebele ho tsoa ho li-sensor tsa khatello, mocheso, thothomelo le boleng ba mouoane. Ka li-algorithms tse ling tsa taolo tse ikamahanyang le maemo, lifeme li ka boloka katleho ea mocheso le ho fokotsa maeto. Tsoelo-pele ea morao tjena e bile e lebisa tlhokomelong ea data e boletsoeng esale pele (tlhokomelo e thehiloeng maemong) e lemohang ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso pele ho etsahala ho hloleha.
6) Ho kopanngoa ha potoloho: flash, mouoane o omileng, le binary (ORC/Kalina)
Bokgoni ba turbine bo amana haufi-ufi le sebopeho sa potoloho ea setsi sa motlakase. Sistimi e omileng ea mouoane, mouoane o khanna turbine ka ho toba. Sistimi e phatsimang, mokelikeli o chesang o hatelletsoeng o fokotsoa khatello, o o fetola mouoane ka karolo e itseng; turbine e sebelisa mouoane ona. Mekhoa e mecha ea ho ntlafatsa e kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea double-flash kapa esita le triple-flash ho eketsa tšebeliso ea enthalpy ea mokelikeli.
Ho sa le jwalo, bakeng sa mehlodi ya mocheso o mahareng le o tlase, mahlale a binary cycle a kang Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) kapa Kalina Cycle a sebedisa mokelikeli wa bobedi o sebetsang o nang le ntlha e tlase ya ho belisa. Le hoja tsena e se "diturbine tsa mouoane wa geothermal", diturbine tse ditsamaisong tsa binary (diturbine tsa organic) le tsona di na le boqapi bo boholo: moralo o ntlafaditsweng wa expander, di-bearings tse sebetsang hantle, le maro a sebetsang a loketseng haholoanyane. Ka binary cycle, mocheso o neng o senyehile pele o ka fetoloa motlakase o eketsehileng, ho eketsa bokgoni ba kakaretso ba setsi.
7) Fokotsa ho hola le ho ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa mouoane
Ho lekanya, haholo-holo ho tsoa ho silica le carbonate, ho ka thibela liphaephe le ho sitisa ba arolang, qetellong ho fokotsa khatello ea mouoane ea turbine. Li-turbine tse sebetsang hantle haholo hangata li tsamaisana le maano a taolo ea k'hemistri ea mokelikeli: taolo ea pH, lithibela-khakanyo, le meralo ea litsela tsa mouoane tse fokotsang lintlha tsa ho kolobisa. Ho phaella moo, ho ntlafatsa ho thibela mocheso le ho fokotseha ha khatello ho li-valve, litsoe le lisebelisoa tse thusang ho kenya letsoho katlehong ea sistimi ka kakaretso.
8) Ho ntlafatsa tshebetso le ho ntlafatsa dijithale tse tsamaiswang ke data
Mekhoa ea morao-rao ke mafahla a dijithale le tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso. Ka mehlala ea dijithale ea liturbine le limela, basebetsi ba ka bapisa ts'ebetso ea 'nete khahlanong le li-curve tsa moralo, ba lemoha ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ka lebaka la litšila, ho lutla, kapa liphetoho boleng ba mouoane. Lintlha li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho fumana nako e ntle ea ho hloekisa, ho lokisa, kapa ho fetola libaka tsa ts'ebetso.
Mokhoa o tsamaisoang ke data o thusa ho ntlafatsa litšebelisano: mohlala, ho khetha ntlha ea ts'ebetso e tlase hanyane empa ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho hola, e le hore tlhahiso ea eneji ea selemo le selemo e eketsehe.
Qetello
Theknoloji e sebetsang hantle haholo liturbineng tsa geothermal ha e eo ka thoko, empa e kopanya boqapi ba moralo oa aerodynamic oa lehare, taolo ea mouoane o metsi, thepa e hanelang mafome/khoholeho ea mobu, litiiso tse sebetsang hantle, litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa taolo, le kopanyo e nepahetseng ea potoloho ea motlakase. Ho etsa hore motlakase o sebetse ka dijithale le tlhokomelo e boletsoeng esale pele li matlafatsa bokhoni ba ho boloka bokhoni ha nako e ntse e ea, eseng feela qalong ea ts'ebetso.
Ka tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea motlakase o nang le khabone e tlase, nts'etsopele ea liturbine tsa geothermal tse sebetsang hantle e tla ntlafatsa tlholisano ea geothermal e le mohloli o tšepahalang le o hloekileng oa matla. Matsete theknolojing ea turbine—hammoho le taolo e ntle ea polokelo le tsamaiso ea holim'a metsi—e tla ba senotlolo sa ho eketsa bokhoni ba geothermal, moruong le ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng.
