Mosebetsi oa Lisele tsa Pancreatic Beta tlhahisong ea insulin
'Mele oa motho ke sehlopha se rarahaneng le se hlophisitsoeng hantle sa lisele, lisele le litho tsa' mele, tsohle li sebetsa 'moho ho boloka homeostasis le ho tšehetsa bophelo. Har'a mefuta e mengata ea lisele tse etsang tsamaiso ena e rarahaneng, lisele tsa beta tsa pancreatic li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholo. Lisele tsena tse ikhethileng li ikarabella bakeng sa tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea insulin, e leng hormone ea bohlokoa ho laola maemo a tsoekere maling. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba baeloji ea lisele tsa beta tsa pancreatic, mosebetsi oa tsona tlhahisong ea insulin, le bohlokoa ba insulin lits'ebetsong tsa metabolism ea 'mele.
Kaheho le Sebaka
Pancreas, setho se fumanehang ka mor'a mpa, se na le lihlopha tsa lisele tse tsejoang e le lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans. Lihlopha tsena li na le mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele, ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea insulin ke lisele tsa beta. Lisele tsa beta li etsa hoo e ka bang 60-80% ea lisele lihlekehlekeng tsa Langerhans 'me li fumanoa haholo-holo karolong e bohareng ea lihlopha tsena.
Karolo ea Lisele tsa Beta
Lisele tsa beta ke lisele tsa endocrine, ho bolelang hore li ntša lihormone ka ho toba maling. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa lisele tsa beta ke ho hlahisa le ho lokolla insulin, hormone ea peptide e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa taolong ea metabolism ea tsoekere.
Ho qaptjoa le ho ntšitsoa ha insulin
Ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya insulin e qala ka ho fetolela gene ea insulin ho ea ho RNA ea moromuoa (mRNA) ka har'a nucleus ea lisele tsa beta. Ebe mRNA e ea ho li-ribosomes tse cytoplasm, moo e fetoleloang ho ba precursor ea ketane e le 'ngoe e tsejoang e le preproinsulin. Preproinsulin e feta liphetohong tse 'maloa tsa enzymatic ka har'a endoplasmic reticulum le sesebelisoa sa Golgi ho ba insulin e butsoitseng. Insulin e butsoitseng e na le liketane tse peli (ketane ea A le B) tse hokahantsoeng ke litlamo tsa disulfide, hammoho le peptide e hokahanyang (C-peptide) e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho mena le ho tsitsisa insulin.
Ha glucose e hlohlelletsoa, lisele tsa beta li ntša insulin ka mokhoa o laoloang ka thata o tsejoang e le exocytosis. Ha maemo a glucose maling a phahama (joalo ka kamora lijo), glucose e kena liseleng tsa beta ka liprotheine tsa glucose transporter (GLUT2 ho batho). Ka hare ho sele, glucose e feta glycolysis le litsela tse latelang tsa metabolism, e leng se lebisang keketsehong ea karolelano ea ATP-to-ADP ka hare ho sele. Karolelano ena e baka ho koaloa ha likanale tsa potassium tse utloang ATP, e leng se fellang ka ho tlosoa ha lera la membrane. Ho tlosoa ha lera la calcium ho bula likanale tsa calcium tse koetsoeng ka motlakase, ho lumella phallo ea li-ion tsa calcium, tse ntan'o susumetsa li-vesicles tse nang le insulin ho kopana le lera la sele le ho lokolla insulin maling.
Taolo ea Tsoekere ea Mali
Hang ha e lokollotsoe maling, insulin e tlama ho li-receptor tsa insulin tse holim'a lisele tse fapaneng, haholo-holo sebeteng, mesifa le liseleng tsa mafura (mafura). Ho tlama ha insulin ho receptor ea eona ho kenya tšebetsong letoto la litsela tsa lipontšo ka hare ho sele tse qetellang li lebisa ho eketseheng ha ho monngoa le ho sebelisoa ha glucose, ho hlophisoa ha glycogen le polokelo ea lipid.
Sebeteng, insulin e khothalletsa ho monya tsoekere le phetoho ea eona ho ba glycogen bakeng sa polokelo, 'me e thibela tlhahiso ea tsoekere ho tsoa mehloling e seng ea lik'habohaedreite. Liseleng tsa mesifa, insulin e nolofalletsa ho monya tsoekere le li-amino acid, e thusa ho qaptjoa ha protheine le ho boloka matla. Liseleng tsa mafura, insulin e khothalletsa ho monya tsoekere le ho qaptjoa ha li-acid tse mafura ho tsoa tsoekere e ngata.
Lisele tsa Beta Bophelong bo Botle le Mafung
Ho sebetsa hantle ha lisele tsa beta ho bohlokoa ho boloka maemo a tloaelehileng a tsoekere maling. Ho se sebetse hantle kapa ho senyeha ha lisele tsena ho ka lebisa mathateng a tebileng a metabolism, ao a hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa e leng lefu la tsoekere.
Tšoaea 1 lefu la tsoekere
Lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1 ke boemo ba autoimmune bo khetholloang ke ho timetsoa ha lisele tsa beta ke sesole sa 'mele sa ho itšireletsa mafung. Sena se lebisa khaellong e felletseng ea insulin, e leng se qobellang batho ho itšetleha ka tsamaiso ea insulin ea kantle ho laola maemo a bona a tsoekere maling. Sesosa se nepahetseng sa karabelo ea autoimmune ha se so hlaka, leha ho nahanoa hore mabaka a liphatsa tsa lefutso le a tikoloho a bapala karolo.
Tšoaea 2 lefu la tsoekere
Lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 le khetholloa ka ho hanyetsa insulin, moo lisele 'meleng li sa arabeleng insulin haholo. Qalong, lisele tsa beta li lefella ka ho hlahisa insulin e ngata, empa ha nako e ntse e ea li ka 'na tsa se sebetse hantle' me tsa hlōleha ho fihlela litlhoko tse eketsehileng tsa 'mele. Mabaka a tlatsetsang ho lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 a kenyelletsa botenya, ho se sebetse hantle 'meleng, le tšekamelo ea lefutso.
Tsoelo-pele Patlisisong le Kalafong
Ho entsoe tsoelo-pele e kholo ho utloisiseng lisele tsa beta le mosebetsi oa tsona, e leng se bulang tsela bakeng sa mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba hlahloba mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho boloka, ho nchafatsa, kapa ho nkela lisele tsa beta sebaka e le mekhoa e ka sebelisoang ea phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere.
Ho Fetisetsa Sehlekehleke
Ho fetisetsa disele tsa disele ho kenyeletsa ho arola dihlekehleke tse nyane ho tswa ho pancreas ya mofani le ho di kenya ho motho ya nang le lefu la tswekere. Mokgwa ona o bontshitse tshepiso ya ho tsosolosa tlhahiso ya insulin, le hoja o lekanyeditswe ke ho fumaneha ha pancreas ya mofani le tlhoko ya kalafo ya ho thibela ho hloleha ha sesole sa mmele ho thibela ho lahlwa.
Phekolo ea Meriana ea Stem
Kalafo ea lisele tsa stem e na le monyetla oa ho hlahisa lisele tsa beta tse sebetsang ho tsoa liseleng tsa stem tse nang le li-pluripotent. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba batlisisa litsela tsa ho khetholla lisele tsa stem ho lisele tsa beta tse hlahisang insulin tse ka fetisetsoang ho bakuli, tse fanang ka mohloli o nchafatsoang oa lisele bakeng sa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere.
Gene Therapy
Kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ikemiselitse ho lokisa kapa ho nkela liphatsa tsa lefutso tse nang le sekoli sebaka tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho se sebetse hantle ha lisele tsa beta. Ka ho shebana le litsela tse itseng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amehang bophelong bo botle ba lisele tsa beta le tlhahiso ea insulin, mokhoa ona o batla ho tsosolosa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisele tsa beta le ho ntlafatsa taolo ea glycemic.
fihlela qeto e
Lisele tsa beta tsa Pancreatic ke motheo oa tlhahiso ea insulin 'me li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng homeostasis ea glucose. Ho utloisisa mosebetsi oa tsona le mekhoa e laolang tlhahiso ea insulin le ho ntša ha eona ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e sebetsang ea kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele li ntse li tsoela pele ho senola temohisiso e ncha ka baeloji ea lisele tsa beta 'me li na le tšepiso ea mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo e reretsoeng ho boloka kapa ho tsosolosa palo ena ea lisele tsa bohlokoa. Ha tsebo ea rona e ntse e hola, le bokhoni ba rona ba ho loantša phephetso ea bophelo bo botle ea lefats'e e hlahisoang ke lefu la tsoekere le ho ntlafatsa maphelo a limilione tse amehileng ke boemo bona bo tla ba joalo.
