Karolo ea Lisele tse Tšoeu tsa Mali Tsamaisong ea 'Mele ea ho Itšireletsa
Sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea motho ke mokhoa o rarahaneng oa ho itšireletsa o bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho phela tikolohong e sebetsanang le likokoana-hloko tse ka bang kotsi tse kang libaktheria, livaerase, li-fungus le likokoana-hloko. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa sistimi ena e rarahaneng ke lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali (WBCs), tse tsejoang hape e le li-leukocyte. Lisele tsena, tse hlahisoang haholo-holo mokong oa masapo, li potoloha maling le tsamaisong ea lymphatic e li lumellang ho beha leihlo le ho loantša tšoaetso le mafu a mang khafetsa. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba karolo ea bohlokoa eo lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali li e bapalang tsamaisong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, se totobatsa mefuta ea tsona, mesebetsi le mekhoa ea tsona ea ts'ebetso.
Mefuta ea Lisele tse Tšoeu tsa Mali
Lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le mesebetsi e ikhethang. Li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse peli ka kakaretso: li-granulocyte le li-agranulocyte.
Li-granulocyte
Lisele tsena li khetholloa ka boteng ba li-granules ka har'a cytoplasm ea tsona 'me li kenyelletsa:
1. Li-neutrophil: Li etsa hoo e ka bang 60-70% ea lisele tsohle tse tšoeu tsa mali, li-neutrophil ke tsona tse arabelang pele tšoaetsong ea likokoana-hloko. Li sebetsa hantle haholo ho phagocytosis, li koenya le ho sila likokoana-hloko tse hlaselang.
2. Li-Eosinophil: Lisele tsena li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng khahlanong le tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko 'me li boetse li laola likarabo tsa ho ruruha ha alejiki. Li-Eosinophil li ka lokolla lintho tse chefo ho loantša likokoana-hloko tse kholo tse ke keng tsa fetoloa hore li be teng.
3. Basophil: Le hoja li se ngata hakaalo, li-basophil li bohlokoa ho lokiseng karabelo ea allergy ka ho lokolla histamine le heparin. Li boetse li thusa ho hlophisa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ka ho lokolla limolek'hule tse tsejoang e le li-cytokine.
Li-agranulocyte
Li-agranulocyte ha li na li-granule tse bonahalang 'me li na le:
1. Li-lymphocyte: Li na le hoo e ka bang 20-25% ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse tšoeu, li-lymphocyte li bohlokoa bakeng sa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo. Li arotsoe ka likarolo tse latelang:
– Lisele tsa B: Li ikarabella bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-antibodies, lisele tsa B lia lemoha le ho itlama ho li-antigen tse itseng, li qala karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea humoral.
– Lisele tsa T: Tsena li ameha ho itšireletseng ha lisele. Lisele tsa T li arotsoe ka lisele tsa T tse thusang (CD4+), tse thusang lisele tse ling tsa 'mele, le lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo (CD8+), tse senyang lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng kapa tse nang le mofetše.
– Lisele tsa Tlhaho tse bolaeang (NK): Lisele tsena li fana ka karabelo e potlakileng liseleng tse tšoaelitsoeng ke vaerase kapa ho thehoa ha hlahala ka ho baka apoptosis (lefu la sele le hlophisitsoeng).
2. Li-monocyte: Mofuta o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa li-WBC, li ka aroloa ka li-macrophage le lisele tsa dendritic, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa phagocytosis le antigen, ka ho latellana.
Mesebetsi ea Lisele tse Tšoeu tsa Mali
Tlhokomeliso le Karabelo ea Pathogen
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali ke ho lemoha le ho arabela likokoana-hloko. Sena se kenyeletsa:
1. Phagocytosis: Li-neutrophils, li-monocyte le li-macrophage li koenya le ho sila likokoana-hloko. Lisele tsena li ka lemoha lipaterone tsa limolek'hule tse amanang le likokoana-hloko (li-PAMP) ka li-receptor tsa ho tseba lipaterone (li-PRR) tse kang li-receptor tse kang tsa Toll (li-TLR), li thusa karabelo e potlakileng le e sebetsang hantle.
2. Tlhahiso ea Antigen: Kamora phagocytosis, macrophages le lisele tsa dendritic li hlahisa likaroloana tsa pathogen (li-antigen) ho lisele tsa T. Tlhahiso ena ea antigen e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho kenya tšebetsong karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo, haholo-holo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-antibodies tse ikhethileng tsa pathogen.
Tšenyo ea Lisele tse Tšoeroeng
Hang ha di kene ka hare ho mmele, ditshwaetso tse itseng le kankere di ka ipata ka hara disele. Ho lwantsha sena, disele tsa T tse nang le chefo le disele tsa NK di lemoha le ho senya disele tsena tse senyehileng. Karabelo ena e tsamaiswang ke disele e netefatsa hore tshwaetso ha e namele.
Tlhahiso ea Li-antibodies
Lisele tsa B li ikarabella bakeng sa ho hlahisa li-antibodies, e leng liprotheine tse tlamang ka ho khetheha ho li-antigen. Hang ha li tlamiloe, li-antibodies tsena li fokotsa chefo, li thibela (tšoaea timetso) likokoana-hloko, 'me li kenya tšebetsong likarolo tse ling tsa sesole sa 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa le sistimi e tlatsanang.
Ho Fetoha ha Karabelo ea 'mele oa 'mele
Li-basophil le li-eosinophil li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fetoleng karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, haholo-holo nakong ea likarabo tsa allergy le tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko. Ho lokolloa ha histamine le lintho tse ling liseleng tsena ho thusa ho laola matla le mofuta oa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso
Kananelo le Pontšo
Lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali li sebelisa mefuta e mengata ea li-receptor ho lemoha likokoana-hloko. Ka mohlala, li-TLR li lemoha likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bahlaseli ba likokoana-hloko, joalo ka lipopolysaccharides (LPS) holim'a libaka tsa baktheria. Ha li-receptor tsena li lemoha pathogen, li baka li-cascade tsa matšoao a ka hare ho sele, e leng se lebisang ho kenngoeng tšebetsong ha likarabo tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung.
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis e bolela motsamao oa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali ho ea sebakeng sa tšoaetso ho arabela matšoao a lik'hemik'hale. Ts'ebetso ena e netefatsa hore lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali li tsepamisa maikutlo libakeng tsa tšoaetso ho loantša likokoana-hloko ka katleho.
Apoptosis
Lisele tse ling tse tšoeu tsa mali, tse kang lisele tsa NK le lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo, li ka baka apoptosis liseleng tse tšoaelitsoeng ke vaerase kapa kankere. Li lokolla perforin ho etsa masoba ka har'a lera la sele e reriloeng, li lateloa ke lienzyme tse kang li-granule tse bakang apoptosis.
Phetoho ea bongaka
Ho se tloaelehe ha palo kapa mesebetsi ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali e ka ba sesupo sa maemo a fapaneng a bongaka.
Palo e Phahameng ea Leukocytosis (Leukocytosis)
Palo e phahameng ea WBC e ka amahanngoa le tšoaetso, ho ruruha, khatello ea maikutlo, leukemia le mathata a mang a moko oa masapo. Leukocytosis hangata e baka lipatlisiso tse ling ho fumana sesosa sa mantlha.
Palo e Tlase ea Leukopenia (Leukopenia)
Ho fokotseha ha palo ea lisele tse tšoeu maling ho ka etsa hore batho ba be kotsing ea ho tšoaetsoa ke mafu. Maemo a kang HIV/AIDS, ho hloleha ha moko oa masapo, mafu a 'mele a itšireletsang mafung, le meriana e itseng e ka lebisa ho leukopenia. Kalafo hangata e shebana le sesosa sa mantlha.
Mathata a Mosebetsi
Mathata a itseng a lefutso, a kang lefu le sa foleng la granulomatous (CGD), a sitisa bokgoni ba WBC ho sebetsa hantle. Maemo ana hangata a fella ka ditshwaetso tse iphetang mme a hloka maano a khethehileng a taolo.
fihlela qeto e
Lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali ke bahale ba sa rorisoeng ba sesole sa 'mele. Ho tloha ho lemoheng le ho senngoeng ha likokoana-hloko ho ea ho hlophiseng likarabelo tse rarahaneng tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung, mesebetsi ea tsona e mengata ebile ea bohlokoa. Ho utloisisa mefuta le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea Li-WBC ha ho tebise kutloisiso ea rona ea sesole sa 'mele feela empa hape ho thusa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea phekolo le mekhoa ea phekolo bakeng sa mafu a fapaneng. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele li tsoela pele ho senola lintlha tse rarahaneng le ho feta ka lisele tsena tse khahlang, li totobatsa karolo ea tsona ea bohlokoahali ho bolokeng bophelo bo botle ba batho.
Ka ho ananela ho rarahana le katleho ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, re fumana temohisiso mabapi le e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa mekhoa ea rona ea ho itšireletsa ea baeloji, re totobatsa mohlolo oa likarabelo tsa 'mele oa motho tsa tlhaho le tse ikamahanyang le maemo.
