Colloids: Selelekela se Tebileng
Colloid ke sistimi e fapaneng e nang le dintho tse pedi kapa ho feta moo dikarolwana tse nyane tsa ntho e le nngwe di hasanngwang ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le e nngwe. Dikarolwana tsena, tse tsejwang e le mokgahlelo o hasantsweng, di tsamaya ka hara mokgahlelo wa ho hasanngwa. Di-Colloid di bapala karolo ya bohlokwa masimong a fapaneng, ho tloha ho baeloji, k'hemistri le fisiks ho isa ho theknoloji le bongaka.
Sebopeho le Tlhophiso ea Colloids
Di-colloid di na le dikarolo tse pedi tse kgolo: karolo e hasantsweng le karolo e hasantsweng. Karolo e hasantsweng e ka ba e tiileng, e metsi, kapa kgase, ha karolo e hasantsweng e ka ba e tshwanang. Motswako wa mekhahlelo ena o hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ya di-colloid, tse arotsweng ho latela karolo ya tsona.
Mefuta ea Colloids e Thehiloeng ho Mokhahlelo
1. Aerosol: E bopjwa ha dikarolwana tse tiileng kapa tse metsi di hasana ka hara kgase.
– Mohlala: Mosi (o tiileng ka har'a khase), moholi (mokelikeli ka har'a khase).
2. Emulsion: Sistimi eo mokelikeli o hasanngwang ka hara mokelikeli o mong.
– Mohlala: Lebese (mafura ka metsing), mayonnaise (oli ka metsing).
3. Metsi: Dikaroloana tse tiileng tse hasantsweng ka hara mokelikeli.
– Mehlala: Pente, enke, tharollo ea khauta e koloidal.
4. Gel: Sistimi e tiileng hanyane moo dikarolwana tsa metsi di tshwarwang ka hara sebopeho se tiileng.
– Mehlala: Jeli, agar-agar.
5. Foromo: Khase e hasantsoeng ka har'a metsi kapa e tiileng.
– Mehlala: Foam ea sesepa (khase ka har'a metsi), marshmallows (khase ka har'a se tiileng).
Leha mefuta e fapaneng ea li-colloid e thehoa ho latela karolo e hasaneng le sebaka se hasanang, sepheo se seholo kamehla ke kabo le matla a likaroloana mekhahlelong e fapaneng.
Matlotlo a Colloids
Phello ea Tyndall
Phello ea Tyndall ke ketsahalo eo ho eona leseli le hasanngoang ke likaroloana tsa colloidal ha le feta ka har'a moaho o sa tšoaneng. Phello ena e etsa hore tsela ea mahlaseli a leseli e bonahale metswakong ea colloidal. Phello ea Tyndall e sebelisoa ho khetholla litharollo tsa 'nete ho tsoa litsamaisong tsa colloidal.
Motsamao oa Brownian
Motsamao oa Brownian ke motsamao o sa reroang oa likaroloana tsa colloidal sebakeng se hasaneng. Ketsahalo ena e bakoa ke ho thulana ho sa tloaelehang pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa colloidal le limolek'hule tsa sebaka se hasaneng. Motsamao oa Brownian o thusa ho boloka botsitso ba colloid ka ho thibela ho senngoa ha likaroloana.
Ho monya metsi
Dikaroloana tsa Colloidal di na le sebaka se seholo sa bokahodimo mme di ka monya dimolekhule hodima bokahodimo ba tsona. Ho monya ho ka ama botsitso ba colloidal. Mohlala, di-ion tse monyang kapa dimolekhule di ka fokotsa tjhaja ya motlakase hodima bokahodimo ba dikarolwana tsa colloidal, ho thibela ho kopana kapa ho kopana ha dikarolwana.
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis ke motsamao oa likaroloana tsa colloidal tšimong ea motlakase. Likaroloana tse chajileng li leba ho li-electrode tse nang le litefiso tse fapaneng. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa ho arola le ho hlalosa likaroloana tsa colloidal.
Tšebeliso ea Colloids Bophelong ba Letsatsi le Letsatsi
Indasteri ea Lijo
Li-colloid lia hlokahala indastering ea lijo, mohlala, tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tsa lebese, lisoso le li-emulsion. Li-emulsion tse kang mayonnaise le botoro ke mehlala moo botsitso ba colloid bo khethollang boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Khemisti le Bongaka
Indastering ea meriana, li-colloid li sebelisoa ho etsa li-suspension tsa meriana le li-emulsion tse ntlafatsang ho qhibiliha le ho fumaneha ha metsoako e sebetsang. Mekhoa ea ho fana ka meriana e thehiloeng ho li-colloid e boetse e thusa ho isa meriana liseleng kapa liseleng tse shebiloeng ka nepo.
litlolo
Lihlahisoa tsa litlolo tse kang li-lotion, litlolo tse tlotsang le sesepa ke mehlala ea ts'ebeliso ea colloid. Mefuta ea colloidal e thusa ho aba metsoako e sebetsang ka ho lekana le ho eketsa katleho le ho monya sehlahisoa.
Boenjiniere ba Tsamaiso ea Tikoloho
Li-colloid li ameha ho hloekiseng metsi le mekhoa ea ho phekola metsi a litšila. Mohlala, bokhoni ba ho monya ha likaroloana tsa colloidal bo thusa ho tlosa litšila tse tsoang linthong tse phelang le tse sa pheleng metsing. Mekhoa ea ho kopanya le ho phaphamala e thehiloeng ho li-colloid le flocculation le eona e sebelisoa indastering ea ho phekola metsi a litšila.
Nanotechnology
Ho theknoloji ea nanotechnology, li-colloid li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng le ho laoleng li-nanoparticles. Li-nanoparticles tse hasantsoeng mecheng ea litaba ea colloidal li na le ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng thepa, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le biomedicine.
Liphephetso le Menyetla ea Nakong e Tlang
Botsitso ba Colloidal
E 'ngoe ea liphephetso tse kholo lipatlisisong tsa colloid ke ho boloka botsitso ba tsona. Likaroloana tsa colloidal li atisa ho kopana kapa ho potlaka ho tsoa litharollong tsa colloidal. Kutloisiso e tebileng ea mekhoa ea likamano tsa limolek'hule le tšebeliso ea li-stabilizer kapa li-surfactant tse sebetsang ke senotlolo sa ho hlola phephetso ena.
Li-Colloid ho Biopharmaceuticals
Nts'etsopele ea li-colloid meriana ea biopharmaceuticals e fana ka menyetla e meholo, mohlala, nts'etsopele ea litsamaiso tse nepahetseng le tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho fana ka meriana. Liphephetso tse kholo ke ho laola boholo ba likaroloana le tefiso ea bokaholimo, tseo ka bobeli li amang ho lebisoa le ho sebetsa hape ha litsamaiso tsa colloidal 'meleng.
Li-Colloid ka Lisebelisoa tse Ncha
Li-colloid li fana ka melemo e ikhethang nts'etsopele ea thepa e ncha, joalo ka li-sensor, li-catalyst le thepa ea polokelo ea matla. Ho lebelletsoe hore lipatlisiso tse ling li tla hlahisa thepa ea colloidal e nang le mesebetsi le thepa e laoloang hantle.
Qetello
Li-Colloid ke litsamaiso tse rarahaneng empa e le tsa bohlokoa tse nang le lits'ebetso tse ngata bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le indastering. Litšobotsi tsa tsona tse ikhethang, joalo ka phello ea Tyndall, motsamao oa Brownian, adsorption, le electrophoresis, li fana ka menyetla e meholo ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji. Ho utloisisa sebopeho, litšobotsi le ts'ebeliso ea li-colloid ke mohato oa pele oa ho sebelisa bokhoni bo felletseng ba ketsahalo ena.
Ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le kutloisiso ea saense e ntseng e hola, bokamoso ba li-colloid bo bonahala bo khanya, ka menyetla ea boqapi masimong a fapaneng. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le tšebelisano-'moho ea mafapha a fapaneng li tla bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sebetsaneng le liphephetso le ho hlokomela bokhoni ba li-colloid lefatšeng la sejoale-joale.
Sengoloa sena se ikemiseditse ho fa babali kutloisiso e tebileng ea likhopolo tsa motheo, litšobotsi le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa li-colloid. Kutloisiso ena e eketsehileng ea li-colloid e tla bula monyako oa litšibollo tse kholo le boqapi nakong e tlang.
