Matlotlo a Colloids: Liketsahalo le Litšebeliso
Colloid ke sistimi eo ntho e nyenyane e ajoang ka ho lekana ka har'a sesebelisoa se seng. Le hoja li bonahala li tšoana, li-colloid ha e le hantle ke metsoako e fapaneng e nang le likaroloana tse fapaneng ka boholo ho tloha ho li-nanometer tse 1 ho isa ho tse 1000. Ketsahalo ena ea thahasellisa hobane li-colloid li tsitsitse 'me ha li lule habonolo, ho fapana le li-suspension, moo likaroloana tse kholo li ka lulang ha nako e ntse e ea. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa li-colloid le ho fana ka temohisiso mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea tsona bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le indastering.
Mefuta ea Colloids
Pele o hlahloba litšobotsi tsa li-colloid, ho molemo ho qala ka ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-colloid. Ho latela karolo e hasaneng le mokhoa o hasaneng, li-colloid li ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'maloa, e leng:
1. Sol: Colloid e nang le ntho e tiileng e hasaneng ka hara mokelikeli (mehlala: pente, enke).
2. Aerosol: Colloid e nang le dintho tse metsi kapa tse tiileng tse hasantsweng ka kgase (mehlala: moholi, mosi).
3. Emulsion: Colloid e nang le mokelikeli o hasantsoeng ka har'a mokelikeli (mehlala: lebese, mayonnaise).
4. Gel: Colloid eo karolo ya yona e hasaneng e leng ntho e tiileng e tshwasehileng ka hara mokelikeli o metsi (mohlala: agar-agar, gelatin).
5. Foromo: Colloid e nang le khase e hasantsoeng ka har'a mokelikeli (mohlala: foromo ea sesepa).
Matlotlo a Colloids
1. Phello ea Tyndall
E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tse tsebahalang haholo tsa li-colloid ke phello ea Tyndall. Phello ea Tyndall e etsahala ha leseli le kopana le likaroloana tsa colloidal 'me le hasana ke tsona, le etsa litsela tsa leseli tse bonahalang. Ketsahalo ena ha e etsahale litharollong tsa 'nete, moo likaroloana tse qhibilihisitsoeng li leng nyane hoo li ke keng tsa hasanya leseli.
Tyndall Effect ke lebaka leo ka lona re ka bonang khanya ea letsatsi ka har'a moholi kapa ra bona tsela ea khanya ka phapusing e lerōle ka fensetere e bulehileng. Ka lebaka la ketsahalo ena, Tyndall Effect e boetse e sebelisoa laboratoring ho khetholla hore na motsoako ke colloid kapa che.
2. Motsamao oa Brownian
Motsamao oa Brownian ke motsamao o sa reroang oa likaroloana tsa colloidal o bakoang ke ho thulana le limolek'hule tsa sebaka se hasanang. Motsamao ona o ile oa bonoa ka lekhetlo la pele ke rasaense Robert Brown ka 1827 ha a ntse a ithuta peō e phofshoana e hasaneng ka metsing. Motsamao oa Brownian o netefatsa botsitso ba li-colloidal, o thibela likaroloana ho lula ka lebaka la matla a khoheli.
Ketsahalo ena e ka bonoa ka tlas'a microscope 'me e fana ka bopaki ba hore likaroloana tsa colloidal li sebelisana khafetsa le sebaka sa tsona se hasanang.
3. Ho monya metsi
Ho monya metsi ke ketsahalo eo ho yona dikarolwana tsa colloidal di hohelang le ho boloka dimolek'hule kapa di-ion tse itseng hodima tsona. Thepa ena e etsa hore di-colloidal di sebetse hantle haholo tlhoekisong ya metsi, kalafong le ditshebedisong tse ding tse ngata. Mohlala, dikarolwana tsa khabone e sebetsang ke di-colloidal tse sebediswang difilthareng tsa metsi ho monya ditshila le dintho tse kotsi metsing.
Ho monya ha dikarolwana tsa colloidal ho ka boela ha thusa indastering ya meriana, jwalo ka moralo wa meriana o hlokang ho laola ho lokollwa ha dintho tse sebetsang mmeleng.
4. Colloidal Squirt
Ho phatloha ha colloidal ke ketsahalo eo ho yona dikarolwana tsa colloidal tse nang le tjhaja e tshwanang di sututsanang, e leng se fellang ka ho hasana ho tsitsitseng haholo. Dikarolwana tsa colloidal di ka ba le tjhaja e ntle kapa e mpe, mme matla a ho di kgutlisang a pakeng tsa tsona a di thibela ho kopana.
Lena ke lona lebaka le etsang hore mefuta e meng ea li-colloid e be le botsitso bo phahameng. Mohlala, 'meleng oa motho, liprotheine tsa mali tsa plasma ke li-colloid tse thibelang mali ho hoama le ho boloka ho lumellana ha potoloho ea mali.
5. Ho hoama ha mahlaku
Ho kopana ha mahlaku ke mokhoa oo ka oona dikarolwana tsa colloidal di kopanang ho etsa dikarolwana tse kgolo, tse ka qetellang di potlakile kapa di arohane le mokgahlelo o hasanyang. Ts'ebetso ena hangata e etsahala ha tjhaja hodima dikarolwana tsa colloidal e kgaolwa, ebang ke electrolyte kapa moemedi e mong wa ho kopana.
Ho kopanya metsi ho bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri le mahlaleng a kalafo ea metsi a litšila ho arola li-colloid ho metsi a litšila. Ho kopanya metsi hoa hlokahala hape tlhahisong ea lino tse kang biri le lero la litholoana ho tlosa lintho tse sa batleheng.
6. Dialysis
Dialysis ke mokhoa o sebediswang ho arola dikarolwana tsa colloidal ho di-ion tse nyane kapa dimolek'hule tse hasantsweng ka lera le kenellang hanyane. Ts'ebetso ena e na le thuso diindastering tsa biochemical le tsa meriana bakeng sa tlhoekiso ya diprotheine le dikarolo tse ding tsa baeloji tse hasantsweng ditharollong tsa colloidal.
Dialysis e boetse e tsejoa e le mokhoa oa kalafo bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le ho hloleha ha liphio, moo mochini oa dialysis o nkang mosebetsi oa liphio ho sefa mali ho tsoa linthong tse chefo le li-ion tse sa hlokahaleng.
7. Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis e bolela motsamao oa likaroloana tsa colloidal tse nang le chaji tšimong ea motlakase. Likaroloana tsena li tla leba ho electrode e nang le chaji e fapaneng. Mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa ho biochemistry le baeloji ea limolek'hule ho arola le ho sekaseka limolek'hule tse kholo tse kang DNA, RNA le liprotheine ho latela chaji le boholo ba tsona.
Gel electrophoresis ke e 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse tsebahalang haholo, moo likaroloana tse chariloeng li aroloang ka gel ho latela tjhaja ea tsona 'me ho sebelisoa tšimo ea motlakase.
Likopo tsa Colloid
Ho latela thepa e tšohliloeng, li-colloid li nka sebaka sa bohlokoa likarolong tse ngata tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi le indasteri. Tse ling tsa lits'ebetso tse kholo tsa li-colloid ke tse latelang:
1. Phekolo ea Metsi
Likaroloana tsa Colloidal li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa kalafo ea metsi ho tlosa litšila le lintho tse kotsi. Ho monya le ho hoama ke lits'ebetso tse peli tse ka sehloohong tse sebelisang litšobotsi tsa colloidal ho hloekisa metsi.
2. Khemisti
Indastering ea meriana, li-colloid hangata li sebelisoa e le motheo oa meriana ea maiketsetso ka lebaka la botsitso ba tsona le bokhoni ba ho boloka le ho lokolla metsoako e sebetsang ka mokhoa o ka lekanngoang. Li-emulsion le li-gel tsa Colloidal le tsona li sebelisoa mafura, litlolo le litlolo.
3. Indasteri ea Lijo
Indastering ea lijo, li-colloid li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa sebopehong le sebopehong sa lihlahisoa. Lebese, yogurt, mayonnaise le jeli ke mehlala ea lihlahisoa tseo ehlile e leng litsamaiso tsa colloidal. Botsitso le botsitso ba lihlahisoa tsena li itšetlehile ka thepa e ikhethang ea li-colloid.
4. Litlolo
Lihlahisoa tsa botle tse kang litlolo, litlolo le li-shampoo ke litholoana tsa theknoloji ea colloidal. Ho tsitsisa emulsion le ho lokolloa ha metsoako e sebetsang ka taolo ke mabaka a ka sehloohong a etsang hore colloid e sebelisoe haholo lihlahisoa tsa litlolo.
5. Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology e sebelisa thepa ea li-colloid ho hlahisa thepa e nang le litšobotsi tse ikhethang haholo. Li-colloid tsa tšepe kapa li-nanoparticles li sebelisoa li-sensor, li-catalyst, le lits'ebetsong tse ling tse fapaneng tsa theknoloji e phahameng.
Qetello
Thepa ea li-colloid e etsa hore e be liketsahalo tse khahlang k'hemistring ea 'mele,' me ts'ebeliso ea tsona e sebetsang e fapane. Ho tloha kalafong ea metsi le meriana ho ea lijong le litlolong, li-colloid li ipakile e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa likarolong tse ngata tsa bophelo le indastering. Ho utloisisa litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa li-colloid ho bula monyako oa ho hlahloba lits'ebetso tse ncha le boqapi bo tsoelang pele masimong a fapaneng.
