Sisitimu yekudzora turbine yemhepo yekuvandudza mashandiro
Maturbine emhepo ndeimwe yetekinoroji yesimba rinodzokororwa riri kukura nekukurumidza pasi rose. Zvisinei, kugadzira magetsi kubva kumhepo hakusi kungobatanidza mashizha makuru pashongwe refu. Mhepo inongoerekana yaitika, inoshanduka-shanduka, uye inokanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akadai senzvimbo, turbulence, uye shanduko dzemazuva ese dzemamiriro ekunze. Nokudaro, masisitimu ekudzora maturbine emhepo anoita basa guru mukuona kuti turbine inoshanda zvakachengeteka, zvakagadzikana, uye inogadzira simba rakawanda. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura pfungwa, zvikamu, mazano, uye matambudziko emasisitimu ekudzora maturbine emhepo mukuvandudza mashandiro.
Sei hurongwa hwekudzora huchidikanwa?
Zvinangwa zvikuru zvekudzora maturbine emhepo zvinogona kupfupikiswa sezvitatu: (1) kuwedzera simba rinobatwa nekumhanya kwemhepo kwakaderera kusvika pakati nepakati, (2) kuderedza mutoro wemakanika uye kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka mumhepo ine simba, uye (3) kuchengetedza hunhu hwesimba uye kuenderana negridi yemagetsi. Pasina kudzora kwakakodzera, maturbine anogona kusangana nekumhanya kwakanyanya, kuneta nekuda kwemutoro unoshanduka, uye kushanduka kwesimba kunovhiringidza gridi.
Kazhinji, maturbine anoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana zvichienderana nekumhanya kwemhepo. Pakumhanya kuri pasi pe "cut-in" point, turbine haishande. Pakati pekumhanya kwe cut-in ne rated, kutonga kunotarisa pakuwedzera simba. Pamusoro pekumhanya kwakarongwa nenzvimbo "cut-out", kutonga kunotarisa pakuchengetedza simba rakarongwa uye kudzivirira kukuvara.
Zvikamu zvikuru zvehurongwa hwekudzora
Masisitimu emazuva ano ekudzora maturbine emhepo ane musanganiswa wehardware nesoftware:
1. Sensor
Maturbine anoda data renguva chaiyo rakadai sekumhanya kwemhepo nekwainoenda (anemometer ne wind vane), kumhanya kwe rotor, blade pitch, generator current/voltage, vibration, gearbox temperature, uye hydraulic kana electrical system conditions. Pamaturbine makuru, mamwe ma sensor akadai se nacelle accelerometers uye blade load sensors anobatsira mukutonga mutoro.
2. Muchina wekugadzirisa
Ma actuator makuru anosanganisira:
- Sisitimu yepitch: inoshandura kona yemaburi kuenda kumhepo kuti itonge kusimudza uye torque yeaerodynamic.
- Sisitimu yeYaw: inotenderera nacelle kuitira kuti rotor itarise kwainoenda mhepo.
- Jenareta/chinoshandura simba: chinodzora torque yemagetsi uye kumhanya kwerotor kuburikidza nekudzora chinoshandura simba.
- Sisitimu yemabhureki: mabhureki emhepo (kuburikidza nemapapiro) uye mabhureki emakanika sedziviriro.
3. Mutongi (PLC/Mutongi weindasitiri)
Uropi hwesystem yekudzora hunoshandisa data re sensor, hunoita ma algorithms, hunopa mirairo kuma actuators, uye hunotarisira ma operating modes (kutanga, zvakajairika, kudzora dutu, kudzima nekukurumidza). Controller iyi yakabatanawo nesystem yeSCADA yekutarisa kure.
Maitiro ekudzora ekugadzirisa simba
1. Kudzora torque yejenareta (yakayerwa pazasi)
Pamhepo ine simba shoma kusvika pakati nepakati, chinangwa ndechekuwana chiyero chakanaka che tip-speed—chiyero chiri pakati pe blade tip speed nekumhanya kwemhepo—chinowedzera simba remagetsi (Cp). Nzira yakajairika ndeye Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Muchidimbu, controller inotonga torque yejenareta kuitira kuti kumhanya kwe rotor kutevere curve yakakodzera nemhepo.
Nzira dzeMPPT dzinogona kuverengerwa kubva pane zvinotevera:
- Yakavakirwa pamuenzaniso: inoshandisa mamodheru emhepo ine simba uye maparamita eturbine.
- Yakavakirwa pakutsvaga: inogadzirisa nzvimbo yacho zvishoma nezvishoma (kukanganisa uye kucherechedza) kuti iwane simba guru.
- Yakavakirwa paEstimator: inoshandisa fungidziro inoshanda yekumhanya kwemhepo kubva kuzvinhu zvinoshanduka zve rotor ne generator.
Zvakanakira zvekudzora torque imhinduro inokurumidza uye kushanda zvakanaka, kunyanya mumaturbine ane ma converter akazara anogona kudzora kumhanya kwakasiyana-siyana.
2. Kudzora kukwirira kwenzwi (yakayerwa pamusoro apa)
Kana kumhanya kwemhepo kuchipfuura kumhanya kwakarongwa, maturbine anogona kugadzira simba rakawandisa uye kuwandisa. Munzvimbo iyi, nzira huru ndeyekukwira-kusvika-kufeather, iyo inosanganisira kuwedzera kona yekukwira kuti kuderedze kudhonzwa kwemhepo uye kuchengetedza simba rinobuda nguva dzose pamutengo wakarongwa.
Kudzora pitch kunowanzo shandisa PID controller kana shanduko dzayo. Dambudziko nderekuti ma blade dynamics nema pitch actuators ane kunonoka uye miganhu ye pitch rate. Kana control yakanyanya, oscillations inogona kuitika; kana ichinonoka, rotor inogona kumhanya zvakanyanya. Saka, ma turbine mazhinji anoshandisa gain scheduling: ma control parameters anochinjwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda (semuenzaniso, rotor speed kana pitch angle).
Kudzora yaw kuti uwane simba rakawanda
Yaw inoita kuti rotor itarisane nemhepo. Kukanganisa kweyaw kunoderedza simba nekuti chikamu chemhepo chinoshanda parotor chinoderedzwa. Zvisinei, yaw inogadzirawo mamwe mutoro nekuti kufamba-famba kweyaw kakawanda kunogona kuwedzera kupfeka kwemagiya eyaw uye kuwedzera mutoro wechimiro nekuda kwekusarongeka kwakasimba.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa hunyanzvi hweYaw anoedza kuyera:
- Wedzera simba (deredza kukanganisa kweyaw),
– Inoderedza mashandiro ekuyamwa (inodzivisa kufamba-famba kana mhepo ichichinja-chinja),
- Gadzirisa mitoro iri pazvivakwa zve nacelle neshongwe.
Maalgorithms emazuva ano anogona kusanganisira mafirita ekutungamira mhepo, mabhande ekudzivirira (nzvimbo dzekushivirira), uye mafungiro ekusarudza anofunga nezvekusagadzikana.
Kudzora mutoro uye hupenyu hwechikamu
Kugadzirisa mashandiro hakusi kwekugadzira simba chete, asiwo nezvemutengo wekuwanikwa uye wekugadzirisa. Kurema kunofamba-famba pamashizha, mahub, magiya emagiya, mabheringi, uye shongwe ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kuneta kwezvinhu. Masisitimu ekudzora anobatsira mukuderedza mutoro kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:
1. Kudzora Kudzika Kwenzwi reMunhu Mumwe Nemumwe (IPC)
Mu turbine ine mablade matatu, blade rega rega rinogona kudzorwa roga kuderedza mitoro isina kuenzana inokonzerwa nekuchekwa (mhepo inowedzera nekukurumidza) uye kutenderera. IPC inoderedza zvinobudirira mitoro yekuneta pamudzi weblade neshongwe, asi inowedzera kuoma kwekudzora uye kudiwa kwema actuator anopindura zviri nani.
2. Kudzora damping yeshongwe
Kudzora gomba kana torque kunogona kushandiswa kuderedza kudengenyeka kweshongwe, kunyanya pama frequency echisikigo echivako. Izvi zvinoderedza kudedera uye zvinowedzera hupenyu hwechivako.
3. Kudzora torsional train yekutyaira
Kudzora torque yejenareta kunogona kuderedza kutenderera kwetorsional mudrivetrain, kunyanya panguva yekukanganiswa kwegrid kana shanduko yemhepo kamwe kamwe, nokudaro zvichidzivirira gearbox neclutch.
Kubatanidzwa ne network yemagetsi (rutsigiro rwegrid)
Maturbine emhepo emazuva ano haachango "tevera" grid chete, asi anopawo rutsigiro. Makodhi egrid anowanzo da:
- Kudzora simba rinoshanda: kuderedza mwero wekufamba kwemagetsi kuitira kuti shanduko dzesimba dzisakurumidze.
– Kudzora simba/voltage zvinoitwa nemagetsi: kunobatsira kuchengetedza voltage panzvimbo yekubatanidza (PCC).
– Fault Ride Through (FRT): inoramba yakabatana panguva yekukanganisika kwemagetsi kwenguva pfupi, kusanganisira kugona kuisa reactive current kutsigira kudzoreredzwa kwemagetsi.
Izvi zvinoda kudyidzana pakati pekudzora turbine, power converter, uye dziviriro yemagetsi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro akasimba pasina kukuvadza zvikamu.
Basa reSCADA, data, uye huchenjeri hwekugadzira
SCADA inogonesa kutarisa mashandiro, maalarm, uye kuongorora mafambiro ebasa. Neruzivo rwekare, vashandisi vanogona:
- Kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu: kunoona kuwedzera kwekuzunguzika kwemagiya ebhokisi, tembiricha yemabheyaringi, kana kusagadzikana kwejenareta.
- Kuchengetedza zvinhu zvinofanotaurwa: kufanotaura zvikanganiso zvisati zvaitika kuitira kuti nguva yekushanda ideredzwe.
- Kugadzirisa mashandiro: inoenzanisa simba chairo richienzaniswa nereferensi kuti ione kuora kwemhepo (semuenzaniso tsvina pamashizha) kana zvikanganiso zve sensor.
Unyanzvi hwekugadzira nekudzidza kwemuchina zviri kutanga kushandiswa pakuongorora mhepo zvinobudirira, kuona zvinhu zvisina kujairika, kugadzirisa mhepo kuburikidza nemhepo, uye kuronga nguva yekugadzirisa. Kunyange zvazvo zvichivimbisa, kushandiswa kwazvo kunoda kungwarira, sezvo mamodheru anotungamirwa nedata anofanirwa kuramba akachengeteka uye achitsanangurwa mumasisitimu akakosha.
Matambudziko uye nzira dzekusimudzira
Mamwe ematambudziko makuru ari muhurongwa hwekudzora maturbine emhepo anosanganisira kuvhunduka kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzakaoma (makomo kana kure negungwa), kusangana pakati pematurbine mukati mepurazi remhepo (wake effect), uye kudiwa kwekudzikisa mutengo wesimba (LCOE). Mune ramangwana, kutonga kuchanyanya kutarisa pane:
– Kudzora mhepo papurazi: kunogadzirisa kumhanya/kukwira pakati pematurbine kuti zvikwanisike kugadzira zvese zvepurazi, kwete turbine imwe neimwe chete.
- Kudzora kwepamusoro: senge Model Predictive Control (MPC) yekugadzirisa miganhu yeactuator uye kufanotaura shanduko dzemhepo.
- Kudzora kunobatsirwa neLidar: kunoshandisa masensa elidar kuti "aone" mhepo iri pamberi perotor, zvichipa nguva yekutarisira kuti pitch ne torque zvideredze mutoro wepamusoro.
Mhedziso
Masisitimu ekudzora maturbine emhepo anokosha pakugadzirisa mashandiro nekuti anodzora mashandiro anoita turbine kumhepo inochinja. Kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kwekudzora torque yeMPPT, kudzora pitch kwekuderedza simba uye kuchengetedzeka, kudzora yaw kwerotation yerotor, uye nzira dzekuderedza mutoro, maturbine anogona kugadzira simba rakawanda nenjodzi shoma yekukuvadzwa. Pamwe chete nerutsigiro rwegrid uye kushandiswa kwedata reSCADA, kudzora kwemazuva ano hakungowedzeri kugadzirwa chete asiwo kunowedzera hupenyu hwechikamu uye kuderedza mari yekushanda. Nekuvandudzwa kwemasensa, maalgorithms ekudzora epamberi, uye kugadzirisa purazi, maturbine emhepo achave akavimbika zvakanyanya semusana wekuchinja kwesimba rakachena.
