Nheyo yeTurbine yemhepo uye Dhizaini Yakanakisisa
Maturbine emhepo ndiwo musimboti mukuru wekuchinja kwesimba kuenda kumagetsi akachena. Zvisinei, shure kwemaburi anotenderera neshongwe refu kune chinhu chinowanzo tora hanya shoma asi chakakosha kuchengetedzeka kwesystem, kuvimbika, uye hupenyu hwebasa: nheyo. Nheyo yeturbine yemhepo inoshanda kutamisa mutoro wese kubva pashongwe ne nacelle kuenda pasi kana pasi pegungwa, uku ichichengetedza kugadzikana kubva kumhepo inochinja, kudedera, uye mamiriro akaomarara e geotechnical. Nokudaro, dhizaini yenheyo yakanaka haisi nyaya yekungo "gadzira kongiri hombe," asi pane kuenzana pakati pezvikamu zvechivakwa, geotechnical, kuvaka, hupfumi, uye zvakatipoteredza.
Basa uye Matambudziko eNheyo dzeWind Turbine
Nheyo dzematurbine emhepo dzinoiswa musanganiswa wakasiyana wemitoro. Pamusoro pemitoro yakamira (huremu hwechivakwa, nacelle, rotor, uye zvikamu zvemukati), nheyo iyi inodzivirirawo mitoro yemativi uye nguva dzekupidigura dzinokonzerwa nemhepo ine simba, shanduko mugwara remhepo, masimba emhepo parotor, uye mhedzisiro yekushanda kweturbine. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mitoro yakawedzerwa yakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika, kudonha kwenyika, kana kutenderera kwechando-kunyunguduka inofanirawo kufungwa nezvayo.
Dambudziko nderekuti mitoro iyi inotenderera uye inoshanduka-shanduka, ichida nheyo kuti dzikwanise kutsungirira kuneta kwezvinhu, kuchinja kwekuoma kwevhu, uye kusagadzikana kunogona kuitika. Kana nheyo yacho ichichinjika zvakanyanya, shongwe inogona kudengenyeka zvakanyanya, kukanganisa kushanda kwayo uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwechikamu. Kusiyana neizvi, kana yakaoma zvakanyanya uye yakakura, mitengo inowedzera pasina mabhenefiti akaenzana.
Mhando dzeMatangiro eWind Turbine: Onshore neOffshore
Kazhinji, nheyo dzemhepo dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira maturune emhepo dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa uye dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Imwe neimwe ine sarudzo dzakasiyana dzemhando yenheyo.
1) Nheyo yeOnshore
1. Nheyo yeGravity Base (GBF)
Rudzi rwakajairika rwematurbine ekunze kwegungwa ihwaro hwekongiri hwakaita denderedzwa kana kuti hwakafanana nepolygonal. Kugadzikana kunowanikwa kuburikidza nehwaro hwekuzviremera uye kudyidzana nevhu. GBFs dziri nyore kuvaka, dzakakodzera ivhu rine simba rekutakura zvakakwana, uye dzinopa mari inokwikwidzana.
2. Nheyo yeMurwi (mirwi)
Inoshandiswa kana ivhu riri pamusoro risina simba kana kuti paine jira rakapfava rakakora. Mutoro wacho unotamisirwa muvhu rakadzika kuburikidza nemakomba (kongiri kana simbi). Sisitimu iyi inogona kuwedzera kugona kwevhu padivi uye kuderedza kugara, asi kazhinji inodhura uye inoda michina yakasarudzika.
3. Nheyo Yakanamirwa neRock
Munzvimbo dzine matombo, nheyo dzinogona kunamirwa padombo guru uchishandisa mabhaudhi echibatiso. Mhinduro iyi inogona kushanda zvakanaka nekuti inoderedza huwandu hwekongiri, asi inonyanya kutsamira pamhando yedombo uye maitiro ekuboorera/kuisa chibatiso.
2) Nheyo yeOffshore (Offshore)
1. Monopile
Rudzi rwakakurumbira rwematurbine ekunze kwegungwa mumvura isina kudzika kusvika pakati nepakati. Mamonopile mapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita hombe anofambiswa pasi pegungwa. Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira dhizaini iri nyore uye kuiswa nekukurumidza, asi anoda ongororo yakasimba uye kudzora ruzha panguva yekutyaira.
2. Nheyo yeJaketi
Chivako chesimbi chine makumbo akawanda emurwi. Chakakodzera mvura yakadzika uye zvinhu zvinorema. Bhachi racho rakaomarara, asi rinoshanda zvakanaka pakadzika kwakati.
3. Nzvimbo yeGravity Offshore
Zvakafanana neGBF dziri mugungwa, asi dzakagadzirirwa mamiriro ekunze kwegungwa uye emvura. Kuvaka kunogona kuva kukuru uye kuisa kwacho kunonetsa.
4. Nheyo Inoyangarara (inoyangarara)
Pamvura yakadzika, hwaro hunoyangarara (hunonyudzwa mumvura zvishoma, husina kudzika, kana kuti hune TLP) uye hunosungirirwa nezvisungo. Izvi zvinovhura mikana yakakura yekuvandudza gungwa munzvimbo dzakadzika, asi zvinoda zvisungo zvakaoma uye magadzirirwo emagetsi anochinja-chinja.
Nheyo Dzakanakisisa Dzekugadzira
Dhizaini yenheyo yakakodzera inofanira kuenzana pakati pekushanda kwechivako, kukodzera kwenzvimbo, nyore kwekuvaka, uye mutengo wehupenyu hwese. Nheyo huru ndeidzi dzinotevera:
1) Nzwisisa Data reNzvimbo Zvakakwana
Kugadzirisa zvinhu kunotanga nekuferefeta nzvimbo: bvunzo dzemaborehole, SPT/CPT, bvunzo dzemurabhoritari, mapping ye geological, data rehuwandu hwemvura yepasi pevhu, uye nhoroondo yekudonha kwevhu kana kunyungudika kwemvura. Dhizaini yakanaka haigone kuvimba nefungidziro dzakajairika, sezvo kusiyana kwemamiriro evhu kunyangwe kwemamita mashoma kunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya zvinodiwa pahukuru hwenheyo.
2) Kudzora Kugadzikana kweRoll neSlide
Kune GBF, bvunzo huru dzinosanganisira:
– Kupidigura: kuve nechokwadi chekuti nguva yekuchengetedza (kubva pahuremu hwenheyo uye mutoro wakawandisa) yakakwana kuti ikwanise kutsungirira nguva yekupidigura.
– Kutsvedza: kuve nechokwadi chekuti simba rekuchekerera haripfuure kugona kwekuchekerera kwehwaro hwenheyo.
– Kugona kubata simbi: kunoita kuti simba rekubata simbi rirambe riri mukati memiganhu yesimba rekubata simbi muvhu nekuchengetedza kwakakodzera.
Munheyo dzemurwi, chinangwa chinosanganisira kugona kwemativi, nguva dziri pamusoro pemurwi, uye mhedzisiro yemapoka emurwi.
3) Kugadzirisa Kupindura Kwesimba uye Kuwanda Kwenguva Dzebasa
Maturbine emhepo ane mafrequency akasiyana-siyana ekushanda. Nheyo neshongwe zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuitira kuti mafrequency echisikigo echivako asa "sangana" nemafrequency ekufambisa erotor (semuenzaniso, 1P ne3P paturbine ine mablade matatu). Pfungwa iyi yakakosha nekuti resonance inogona kuwedzera kudedera nekukuvadza zvikamu. Nokudaro, kugadzirisa kunowanzo sanganisira kugadzirisa kuomarara kwefoundation, dhayamita/ukobvu hweshongwe, uye ruzivo rwekubatana.
4) Ruzivo rweKubatanidza: Anchor Cage neBase Ring
Mumaturbine ekunze kwegungwa, kubatana pakati peshongwe nehwaro kunowanzo shandiswa ma keji e anchor (mabhaudhi makuru e anchor) akaiswa mukongiri. Izvi zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti:
- kutsungirira masimba ekumanikidzwa nekuda kwekuchinja-chinja nguva,
- dzora kutsemuka kwekongiri,
- kuchengetedza kushivirira kwekuisa shongwe,
– inodzivirira ngura (kunyanya munzvimbo dzine hunyoro/hukasha).
Kukanganisa kwekuisa zvinhu muchikamu ichi kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba kunyangwe zviyero zvehwaro zvikaita se "zvakakura zvakakwana".
5) Kushanda Zvisina Kuipa uye Nzira dzekuvaka
Zvakanakisa hazvirevi nguva dzose kuti kongiri yakawandisa, asi kazhinji zvinoreva musanganiswa unoshanda zvakanaka wekongiri, huwandu hwekusimbisa, nguva yekushanda, zvinodiwa nemidziyo inorema, uye njodzi yekunonoka. Semuenzaniso:
- Kuderedza huwandu hwekongiri kunogona kuderedza mitengo, asi kana zvichidikanwa kusimbisa kwakaoma, mutengo wese unogona kuwedzera.
- Munzvimbo dziri kure, zvinhu zvinova chinhu chinonyanya kukosha; magadzirirwo akareruka dzimwe nguva anodhura zvishoma.
6) Kuchengetedza nharaunda uye Kubvisa mvura
Nheyo dziri kumahombekombe dzinofanira kudzivirirwa kubva mukukukurwa kwevhu uye kukuvara kwemvura. Masisitimu emvura, dziviriro yemateru, uye kudzora mvura pamusoro pevhu zvinogona kudzivirira kudonha kwevhu rakatenderedza nheyo. Kunze kwegungwa, ngura uye kuneta kwemafungu zvinhu zvakakosha, saka dziviriro ye cathodic uye machira ekudzivirira anofanirwa kurongwa kubva pakutanga.
Nzira Yekugadzirisa Matambudziko Mukushanda
Kugadzirisa dhizaini yenheyo kunowanzo tevera matanho aya:
1. Sarudza mitoro yedhizaini kubva kumutengesi weturbine (mitoro yekutakura) inosanganisira mamiriro ekushanda akajairika, madutu akanyanya, kuvharwa kwenjodzi, uye kutakurwa/kugadzwa.
2. Gadzira modhi ye geotechnical inomiririra zvidimbu zvevhu uye parameters dzesimba/kumanikidzwa.
3. Kuongorora kupindirana kwevhu nechimiro charo kuti ufanotaura kutenderera, kugara kwaro, uye kuomarara kunobudirira.
4. Kudzokorora saizi neruzivo kuti uwane zvinangwa zvekushanda (kugadzikana, kuwanda, kutsemuka, kuneta).
5. Ongorora kugona kuvaka uye mitengo: nzira dzekuchera, zvinodiwa pakubvisa mvura, kubatanidza kongiri, kugadzika, uye zvirongwa zveQA/QC.
6. Kuderedza njodzi: zvirongwa zvekuongorora, kutarisa kudedera, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa.
Nekushandisa nzira iyi, dhizaini yakanakisisa inogona kusiyana kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, kunyangwe uchishandisa mhando imwe chete ye turbine.
Mhedziso
Nheyo dzematurbine emhepo dzakakosha pakugadzikana uye hupenyu hwekushanda kweturbine, kungave panyika kana mugungwa. Dhizaini yakanaka inoda kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwemutoro unoshanduka, maitiro evhu, ruzivo rwekubatanidza, uye kuvaka kwenguva refu uye mari. Kusarudza rudzi rwenheyo rwakakodzera - hwaro hwegiravhiti, murwi, monopile, jaketi, kana kutenderera - kunofanirwa kugara kwakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu enzvimbo uye zvinangwa zvekushanda. Kana nheyo dze geotechnical uye dzekuvaka dzakabatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekuvaka hwechokwadi, mhedzisiro yacho ihwaro husina kuchengetedzeka chete, asiwo hunoshanda, hwakavimbika, uye hunotsigira kugara kwenguva refu kwepurojekiti yesimba remhepo.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chive chehunyanzvi (semuenzaniso kuwedzera mafomura ekutanga ekugadzira, maparamita egeotechnical, uye mienzaniso iri nyore yekuverenga) kana kuti chive chakakurumbira kune vaverengi vazhinji.
