Sisitimu yeYaw mumaturbine emhepo uye mabhenefiti ayo
Simba remhepo rave chinhu chakakosha pakuchinja simba kuenda kune masosi esimba akachena. Seri kwemashizha anoita seari nyore eturbine yemhepo, masisitimu akasiyana-siyana ekudzora anoshanda kuona kuti turbine inobata simba remhepo zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka. Imwe yemasisitimu akakosha isystem ye yaw. Sisitimu iyi ine basa rekutungamira nacelle (injini) uye rotor kuti zvigare zvakatarisana negwara remhepo. Pasina sisitimu ye yaw inoshanda zvakanaka, turbine icharasikirwa nekushanda zvakanaka, inosangana nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwemuchina, uye inogona kukundikana nguva isati yakwana. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezve system ye yaw, mashandiro ayo, zvikamu zvayo zvikuru, uye mabhenefiti ayo mukushanda uye hupenyu hweturbine yemhepo.
Kunzwisisa maitiro ekugadzira ma "yaw system" muma "wind turbines"
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, yaw inofamba-famba kweturbine ichitenderedza vertical axis yayo kugadzirisa nzvimbo yerotor zvichienderana nekwainoenda mhepo. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuona kuti rotor yakatarisana nemhepo (kukwira kumusoro) pamaturbine mazhinji emazuva ano, zvichiita kuti mablades awane mhepo yakaenzana uye abudise simba guru. Kana rotor isina kuenderana nekwainoenda mhepo (yaw misalignment), rimwe simba remhepo rinopera uye simba remhepo rinopera simba.
Mazhinji maturbine emhepo ane masisitimu anoshanda eyaw, kunyanya maturbine emhepo anotarisana nehorizontal-axis (HAWTs). Mumaturbine madiki, yaw dzimwe nguva haishande, ichishandisa tail vane kutungamira rotor mumhepo, asi nzira iyi inowanzo kuve isina kukwana kumaturbine makuru nekuda kwezvinodiwa nemazvo, mitoro yekuvaka, uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza.
Sei turbine ichifanira kugara ichitarisana nemhepo?
Mhepo inoshanduka-shanduka: mafambiro ayo uye kumhanya kwayo kunoshanduka nekuda kwenzvimbo, nyonganyonga, kusiyana kwekupisa, uye mhedzisiro yezvivakwa kana mamwe ma turbine papurazi remhepo. Kana turbine isiri kutarisana nemhepo, kona yechiitiko chemhepo pa rotor haisi yakanaka. Kukanganisa kunosanganisira:
1. Kuderedzwa kwesimba: Kusarongeka zvakanaka kunokonzera kudzikira kwesimba. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kutsauka kwemadhigirii mashoma chete kunogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kwesimba pagore.
2. Mutoro usina kuenzana: Propeller inogamuchira masimba asina kuenzana, nokudaro ichiwedzera kuneta kwezvinhu pabanga, hub, nacelle neshongwe.
3. Kudedera uye ruzha: Kuyerera kusina kuenzana kunogona kuwedzera kutenderera kwenzvimbo murotor, zvichikonzera kudedera kwakanyanya uye ruzha.
4. Njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwezvikamu: Mitoro yakawedzerwa inokurumidza kupera pamabheringi, magiya emagiya nedzimwe nzira dzekutumira magiya.
Ndosaka yaw iri chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekudzora turbine, pamwe chete nekudzora pitch (blade angle) uye kutonga kwejenareta.
Zvikamu zvikuru zvehurongwa hweyaw
Sisitimu yeyaw muturbine yemhepo yemazuva ano ine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakanika nemagetsi zvinoshanda nenzira yakabatana:
1. Kubata muromo wehuku
Bearing hombe, yakaita sedenderedzwa inobvumira nacelle kutenderera kana tichienzanisa nepamusoro peshongwe. Bearing iyi inotsigira mutoro unorema kubva kurotor nenacelle uku ichibvumira kutenderera kwakatsetseka.
2. Yaw drive / yaw motor (yaw drive)
Mota yemagetsi (kazhinji mayuniti akati wandei) inotenderera nacelle kuburikidza negiya remagiya negiya repinion rinobata giya reringi pabearing yeyaw. Kushandiswa kwemamota akawanda kunobvumira kugoverwa kwetorque uye kudzokorora mashandiro.
3. Kubhuraki kweYaw (bhuraki reyaw)
Sisitimu yekubhureka inochengetedza nacelle munzvimbo chaiyo kudzivirira kufamba nekuda kwemhepo inovhuvhuta kana torque. Mabhureki ekuyamura akakosha pakugadzikana, kuderedza kupera, uye kudzivirira kufamba kusingadzoreki.
4. Mutongi wekuyamwa
Chikamu che turbine control system chinosarudza nguva yekumhanya. Chinodzora chinoverenga data kubva kumasensa uye chinoona mashandiro emota nemabhureki.
5. Sensor yemhepo (mhepo ine jira) uye anemometer
Chinoyera divi remhepo chinoyera divi remhepo, ukuwo anemometer ichiyera kumhanya kwemhepo. Ruzivo urwu runoshanda senzira huru yekugadzirisa divi remhepo.
6. Simbi inotsvedza / sisitimu yetambo inochinjika
Nekuti nacelle inotenderera, tambo dzemagetsi nedzesignali dzinofanira kutarisirwa kudzivirira kumonyoroka. Masimbi anotsvedza kana masisitimu ekutarisira tambo anoita kuti kupa nekutaurirana zvirambe zvichishanda panguva yekushanda kweyaw.
Mashandiro anoita sisitimu yeyaw
Kazhinji, sisitimu yeyaw inoshanda zvichibva papfungwa yekudzora mhinduro. Heino nzira iri nyore yekuyerera:
1. Sensor inoverenga divi remhepo uye inoienzanisa nedivi rerotor riripo iye zvino.
2. Kana kutsauka kukapfuura mwero wakati (semuenzaniso madhigirii mashoma), muchina unotonga unomutsa mota ye yaw.
3. Brake reyaw rinoburitswa, nacelle inotenderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika yasvika pedyo nekwainoenda mhepo.
4. Kana mota yasvika pakukwanisa kushivirira, mota inomira uye bhureki rinovharazve.
Sisitimu yekuyaw haigari ichifamba. Kana mhepo ikachinja zvishoma uye nekukurumidza, kuyaw nguva dzose kunogona kukonzera kusakara kwezvikamu. Nokudaro, kudzora yaw kunowanzo shandisa hysteresis kana delay logic kuyaw chete kana shanduko yedivi rayo yakakosha uye yakagadzikana.
Mhando dzenzira dzekudya
Mukuita, kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekugadzira turbine dzinoshandiswa zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo yacho:
– Kushanda kweyaw: kunoshandisa mota uye zvinodzora otomatiki, zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaturbine makuru.
– Passive yaw: inoshandisa dhizaini yemuswe kana aerodynamic, inowanikwa mumaturbine madiki.
– Kushama pasina kudzvanya ne damper: nacelle inogona kutenderera zvakasununguka, asi ichiri kudzorwa ne damper kudzivirira kutenderera kwakanyanya.
– Kusarongeka kweyaw kwakadzorwa: Mumapurazi emhepo, maturbine dzimwe nguva anokanganiswa zvishoma nemaune kuderedza mhedzisiro yekumuka uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwese kwepurazi (pfungwa yekutungamira kwekumuka). Iyi inzira yepamusoro uye inoda kutevedzera nekungwarira.
Mabhenefiti ehurongwa hweyaw kune maturbine emhepo
1. Wedzera kugadzirwa kwesimba
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira pakukwesha mwenje ndechekuchengetedza rotor iri munzvimbo yakakodzera, zvichiita kuti turbine ikwanise kubata simba remhepo rakawanda sezvinobvira. Pachikero chemhepo, kuvandudzwa kwemhepo nguva dzose kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwesimba pagore, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine shanduko dzemhepo nguva nenguva.
2. Deredza kuneta uye wedzera hupenyu hwe turbine
Kukwenya kwakarurama kunobatsira kuderedza masimba asina kuenzana pa rotor ne tower. Kurema kwekuneta kushoma kunoreva kuti zvikamu zvakaita sema blades, ma bearings, uye zvivakwa zve tower zvinosangana nekushushikana kushoma kwenguva refu, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwazvo hwekushanda uye zvichideredza njodzi yekukundikana.
3. Chengetedza kugadzikana kwekushanda uye kuchengetedzeka
Kana mhepo ine simba kana nyonganyonga, sisitimu yeyaw inoshanda pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekutonga gomba uye hwekudzivirira kuchengetedza turbine iri mukati memiganhu yekushanda yakachengeteka. Yaw inodzorwa inoderedza mukana wekufamba kamwe kamwe kunogona kuisa panjodzi zvikamu kana vashandi vekugadzirisa.
4. Deredza mari yekugadzirisa uye nguva yekuzorora
Kana yaw ichishanda zvakanaka, kupera kwemagetsi uye kudzima kwemagetsi kakawanda kunodzikira. Izvi zvinoreva kudzikira kwemari yekugadzirisa, nguva shoma yekushanda, uye kuwedzera kuvimbika kwekushanda—zvinhu zvakakosha kumapurojekiti esimba remhepo anotarisa kuwanikwa kwakanyanya.
5. Tsigira kugadzirisa purazi remhepo
Mumapurazi makuru emhepo, kuyerera kwewake kubva kuturbine yepamberi kunogona kuderedza mashandiro eturbine yekumashure. Nenzira dzakadai sewake steering, yaw inogona kushandiswa zvine hungwaru kutungamira wake kubva kune mamwe maturbine, nokudaro ichiwedzera kugadzirwa kwepurazi rese. Kunyange zvazvo isingawanzoitwa, maitiro aya anoratidza kuti yaw haina kukosha chete kumaturbine ega ega, asiwo pakugadzirisa masisitimu esimba makuru.
Matambudziko nezvinhu zvekuteerera
Pasinei nemabhenefiti adzo makuru, masisitimu eyaw anosanganawo nematambudziko akati wandei. Zvikamu zvakaita seyaw bearings nemadrives zvinoshanda pasi pemitoro yakakwira uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma (hunyoro, guruva, uye kushanduka-shanduka kwetembiricha). Kunyorova kusina kunaka, masensa asina kunaka, kana kudzora kwakasimba zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara nekukurumidzisa kupera. Nokudaro, kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu, kuongororwa nguva dzose, uye kuenzaniswa kwemasensa zvakakosha pakutarisira maturbine emhepo emazuva ano.
Penutup
Sisitimu yeyaw ndiyo "mutsipa" weturbine yemhepo, zvichiita kuti rotor igare yakatarisana nemhepo nemazvo. Kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kwemasensa, macontroller, mota, mabhureki, uye mabheringi makuru, yaw inobatsira turbine kugadzira simba rakawanda uku ichichengetedza mitoro inokwanisika. Mabhenefiti anosanganisira kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwesimba, hupenyu hwezvikamu hurefu, kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa, kuderedzwa kwemari yekugadzirisa, uye mikana yekugadzirisa purazi remhepo kuburikidza nemazano epamusoro. Munguva yekukura kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa, sisitimu yeyaw haisi chinhu chekusarudza chete, asi chinhu chakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka uye kuvimbika kweturbine yemhepo.
