Magadzirirwo Anoitwa Makore Kubva MuHydrological Cycle
Makore ndeimwe yezviitiko zvechisikigo zvinozivikanwa asi zvinonakidza munyika yedu. Anoshongedza denga nemavara akasiyana-siyana, kazhinji achipa chiono chakanaka kana chiratidzo chemamiriro ekunze. Asi makore anoumbwa sei chaizvo? Mhinduro yacho inowanikwa mukutenderera kwemvura, inova nzira inoramba ichienderera yemvura inobuda, kuumbwa kwemakore, uye kunaya kwemvura. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakadzama kuti makore anoumbwa sei kuburikidza nekutenderera kwemvura uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kuumbwa kwawo.
Kutenderera kweMadziva: Zvinonyanya Kukosha
Kutenderera kwemvura inzira yakavharwa inodzokorodza mvura pasi pano. Maitiro aya anosanganisira matanho makuru akati wandei: kupwanyika kwemvura, kuumbwa kwemvura, kunaya kwemvura, uye kuyerera kwemvura. Ngatikurukurei muchidimbu chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi tisati tanyatsoongorora kuumbwa kwemakore zvakadzama.
1. Kubuda kwemvura:
Kubuda kwemvura mumhepo inzira inoshandiswa nekupisa kwezuva kuti mvura inobva pamusoro penyika ishandurwe kuita mhute yemvura, kunyanya kubva mumakungwa, mumakungwa, munzizi, uye pamusoro penyika ive mhute yemvura. Simba rezuva rinopisa mvura uye rinoishandura kuita mhute, iyo inobva yakwira mumhepo.
2. Kufemera:
Pamusoro pekubuda kwemvura kubva pamusoro pemvura, zvirimwa zvinopawo mhute yemvura mumhepo kuburikidza nenzira inonzi transpiration. Mukuita uku, mvura inotorwa nemidzi yemiti inoburitswa mumhepo kuburikidza nestomata iri pamashizha.
3. Kunyorovesa:
Kutonhora kwemvura mumhepo kunotonhorera uye kunoshanduka kuita mvura. Iri idanho rakakosha pakuumbwa kwemakore. Mvura inokwira mumhepo inotonhorera uye inobatana kuti igadzire zvidimbu zvidiki zvemvura kana chando, zvinozivikanwa se condensation nuclei.
4. Kunaya kwemvura:
Kana mvura kana zvidimbu zvechando zvakagadzirwa mumakore zvikakura uye zvichirema zvakakwana, zvinowira pasi semvura, izvo zvinogona kutora chimiro chemvura, sinou, chando, kana chimvuramabwe. Maitiro aya anodzosera mvura pamusoro pePasi, zvichipedzisa kutenderera kwemvura.
5. Kuyerera Kwemvura Uye Kupinda Kwemvura Pamusoro:
Kana mvura yadonha pasi, yakawanda yacho inoyerera pamusoro penyika semvura inoyerera pamusoro penyika, zvichienda kunzizi, madhamu, uye pakupedzisira makungwa. Imwe yacho inonyudzwa muvhu kuburikidza nekunyura, ichizadza mvura yepasi pevhu uye mvura yemugungwa.
Kuumbwa Kwemakore MuKutenderera Kwemvura
Danho rakakosha pakuumbwa kwemakore inguva yekudziya kwemvura, asi maitiro aya anokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mukati menguva yekudzika kwemvura. Heino tarisiro yakadzama yekuti makore anoumbwa sei mukati menguva yekudzika kwemvura.
1. Kukwidzwa kweMvura Utsi muAtmosphere:
Maitiro ekuumbwa kwemakore anotanga nekukwira kwemvura ichipinda mumhepo. Kukwira uku kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:
– Kutenderera: Izvi zvinoitika kana pasi parinopisa nekuda kwemwaranzi yezuva, zvichiita kuti mhepo iri pamusoro payo ipise uye ikwire. Maitiro aya anowanzoita makore ecumulus.
– Kusangana: Mhepo inobva kumativi akasiyana inosangana uye inokwira nekuti mhepo dzinosangana uye dzinomanikidzwa kukwira.
– Orography: Mhepo inomanikidzwa kukwira painosvika kumakomo kana zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvenzvimbo.
– Mhepo Inotungamira: Kusangana kwemhepo mbiri dzine tembiricha dzakasiyana, dzakadai sedzinotonhora pamberi nedzinodziya pamberi, kunogonawo kukonzera kuti mhepo isimuke.
2. Kutonhodza kweMvura ine Utsi:
Kana mhute yemvura yakwira mumhepo, inotonhorera nekuti tembiricha yemumhepo inodzikira nekukwirira kwayo. Kudzikira kwetembiricha uku kunokonzera kudzikira kwesimba remhepo, izvo zvinobatsirawo pakutonhorera. Mhute yemvura haigone kuvapo segasi patembiricha yakaderera, saka inotanga kuungana.
3. Maitiro Ekunyungudutsa:
Kana mhute yemvura yatonhora yosvika padanho redova, inotanga kuungana kuita madonhwe emvura kana makristaro echando. Zvisinei, kuti mhute iite, mhute yemvura inoda zvidimbu zvidiki zvakasimba mumhepo zvinozivikanwa se condensation nuclei (senge guruva, munyu wegungwa, kana pollution particles) kuti zvibatsire madonhwe emvura kana makristaro echando kuumbwa.
Kana madonhwe emvura kana makristaro echando angoumbwa akapoteredza manyuchi emvura, anotanga kusangana, nzira inozivikanwa sekubatana. Kubatana kunowedzera saizi yemadonhwe emvura kusvika agadzira makore.
4. Kuumbwa Kwemakore:
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze (akadai sekupisa, hunyoro, nemhepo), marudzi akasiyana emakore anogona kuumbwa. Heano mamwe emhando huru dzemakore:
– Cumulus: Makore machena machena, akakora akafanana nedonje. Anoumbwa kuburikidza ne convection.
– Stratus: Makore akaderera, akati sandara anofukidza chikamu chikuru chedenga. Anowanzo umbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akagadzikana asina kusimba zvakanyanya kana kuti asina kusimba zvakanyanya.
– Cirrus: Makore matete, akareba, machena. Anoumbwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemuchadenga.
– Nimbostratus: Makore matema, gobvu anowanzo unza mvura kana sinou.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuumbwa Kwemakore
Kuumbwa kwegore kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira:
1. Tembiricha uye Hunyoro:
Kupisa kwakaderera mumhepo yepamusoro uye hunyoro hwakanyanya ndizvo zvinhu zvakanaka kuti mvura ipinde uye iumbe makore. Kana hunyoro hwacho hwakakwira, mikana yekuti makore aumbe inoramba iripo.
2. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo:
Kuderera kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo nekukwirira kunowedzera maitiro ekutonhodza uye kunyorova kwemvura.
3. Zvidimbu zveAerosol:
Kuvapo kwezvidimbu zvidiki mumhepo kunoshanda semanyuchi emvura, zvichiita kuti madonhwe emvura aite nyore.
4. Jogirafi:
Kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakaita semakomo kunogona kukanganisa kukwira kwemhepo uye kuumbwa kwemakore e orographic.
Mhedziso
Makore anoumbwa mukati menguva yemvura kuburikidza nekubuda kwemvura, kukwidziridzwa, kutonhodzwa, uye kuumbwa kwemvura, zvichikonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemumhepo nenzvimbo. Iyi nguva yemvura inoita basa guru kwete chete mukuumbwa kwemakore asiwo mukupararira kwemvura pasi rose, ichipesvedzera mamiriro ekunze uye kutsigira hupenyu panyika. Kunzwisisa mashandiro ari shure kwekuumbwa kwemakore kuburikidza nenguva yemvura kunoita kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama nezvemamiriro emumhepo uye kukosha kwemvura muhurongwa hwehupenyu hwepasi redu.
