Kukosha Kwematanho Ekudzivirira Mukurapa Kwevana Vakwegura
Kuzvambura ibazi rezvehutano rinoita basa guru mukuona kuchengetedzeka kwemadzimai nevacheche, kubva pakuva nepamuviri, kuburikidza nepamuviri, pakubereka, uye panguva yekusununguka uye pakuchengetwa kwevana vacheche. Mukurapa kwevana, matanho ekudzivirira ndiwo hwaro hwakakosha, sezvo matambudziko mazhinji epamuviri nepakusununguka anogona kudzivirirwa kana kuonekwa nekukurumidza kana masevhisi ehutano akapihwa nemazvo, zvakarongeka, uye nenzira inochengetedza. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvekukosha kwematanho ekudzivirira mukurapa kwevana, maitiro aanoita, uye kukanganisa kwawo vanaamai, vacheche, mhuri, uye nharaunda.
Zvinoreva matanho ekudzivirira mukurapa vana vadiki
Matanho ekudzivirira mukurapa vananyamukuta anosanganisira zvese zvinoitwa kudzivirira matambudziko ehutano muna amai nevacheche, kuderedza njodzi yematambudziko, uye kuvandudza hupenyu munguva yekubereka. Matanho ekudzivirira anosanganisira kwete kudzivirira zvirwere chete asiwo kusimudzira hutano, dzidzo, kuongororwa, kubaiwa nhomba, kupindira nekukurumidza, uye kutumira varwere panguva yakakodzera. Matanho aya anoitwa nevananyamukuta, vashandi vehutano vari pamberi vari pedyo nenharaunda, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekutarisira vana vekutanga dzakadai senzvimbo dzehutano dzemunharaunda (Puskesmas), makiriniki, nzvimbo dzevananyamukuta dzakazvimiririra, uye nzvimbo dzehutano dzakabatanidzwa (Posyandu).
Panyaya yehutano hweamai nemwana, kudzivirira chirwere ichi kwakakosha nekuti zvirwere zvakawanda zvine njodzi—zvakadai se preeclampsia, kubuda ropa, kupererwa neropa kwakanyanya, kutapukirwa, uye kunonoka kukura kwemwana ari mudumbu—zvinowanzo buda zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinoratidza zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinoonekwa. Kana zviratidzo izvi zvikaonekwa nekukurumidza, njodzi yekufa nekurwara inogona kuderedzwa nekurapwa nekukurumidza.
Sei kudzivirira kuchikosha kupfuura kurapwa?
Pfungwa yekuti "kudzivirira kuri nani pane kurapa" inonyanya kukosha mukurapa vana. Chekutanga, mamwe matambudziko epamuviri anogona kukurumidza kukura uye kuva nengozi kuhupenyu, saka mukana wekuti "arapwe" kazhinji unononoka kana kusawanikwa nekukurumidza. Chechipiri, kudzivirira kunowanzo kudhura zvishoma uye kuri nyore kuwana pane kugadzirisa matambudziko panzvimbo yekutumira varwere. Chechitatu, kukanganisa kwematambudziko epamuviri hakugumiri kuna amai chete asiwo kunokanganisa mwana ari mudumbu nemucheche—semuenzaniso, kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana, kuberekwa kushoma, kana kunonoka kukura.
Uyezve, matanho ekudzivirira anosimbisa kugadzirira kwaamai nemhuri yavo kusununguka. Dzidzo nezvezviratidzo zvine njodzi, kuronga kusununguka, uye hurongwa hwemari nekufambisa zvinogona kuderedza kunonoka kwekuita sarudzo uye kusvika kunzvimbo dzehutano—zvinhu zviviri zvinowanzowedzera njodzi yekufa kwevanaamai nevecheche.
Maitiro ekudzivirira mukati mekubereka
Matanho ekudzivirira pamuviri anofanira kuitwa nguva dzose, kwete panguva yekuzvitakura chete. Aya ndiwo maitiro ematanho ekudzivirira padanho rega rega:
1. Nguva yekubata pamuviri usati wabata pamuviri (usati wabata pamuviri)
Kutarisirwa kwevana vasati vaberekwa kunovavarira kugadzira hutano hwakanaka kuti pamuviri pave nepakachengeteka. Vananyamukuta vanogona kuita basa iri ne:
- Mazano ekubatsira vana vasati varoorana uye vasati vatora mimba, kusanganisira kuronga pamuviri, kugara kwenguva refu panguva yekuzvitakura, uye kugadzirira muviri nepfungwa.
- Kuongororwa kweutano hwakanaka uye kushayiwa ropa, pamwe nekupa mazano ekuwedzera kana zvichidikanwa.
- Dzidzo yemararamiro ane hutano, yakadai sekurega kusvuta, kusanwa doro, kuchengetedza huremu hwakakwana hwemuviri, uye kurovedza muviri kwakakodzera.
– Kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza kwezvirwere zvisingaperi, zvakaita seBP, chirwere cheshuga, kana zvirwere zvethyroid zvinogona kukanganisa pamuviri.
– Kudzivirira pamuviri une njodzi huru nekushandisa nzira dzekudzivirira pamuviri, kusanganisira kusarudza nzira yekudzivirira pamuviri inoenderana nechirwere chaamai.
Maitiro ekufunga usati wabata pamuviri anowanzo furatirwa, kunyangwe njodzi zhinji dzepamuviri dzichikonzerwa nematambudziko ehutano aitovapo pamuviri usati wabata pamuviri.
2. Nguva yekubata pamuviri (kutarisirwa kwemwana asati aberekwa/ANC)
Kutarisirwa kwemwana asati aberekwa ndiyo musimboti wekudzivirira pamuviri. Kuenda kunoona chiremba nguva dzose kunobatsira kuona mamiriro emwana nekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu. Matanho akakosha ekudzivirira panguva yekuzvitakura anosanganisira:
- Kuongororwa kweBP nguva dzose, huremu, uye mamiriro ekudya kuti zvionekwe preeclampsia, kushaya chikafu chakakwana, kana kuti uremu husina kukwana.
– Kuongororwa kuri nyore kwemurabhoritari, kwakadai sehuwandu hwe hemoglobin muropa, kuongororwa kweproteinuria kana hutachiona, uye kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana sezvakaratidzwa.
– Kubaiwa nhomba, semuenzaniso tetanus/diphtheria-tetanus kuvakadzi vane pamuviri, zvichienderana nemitemo yemunharaunda uye nhungamiro.
- Kupa mishonga yekuwedzera, yakaita sesimbi nefolic acid kudzivirira kupererwa neropa uye kutsigira kukura kwemwana ari mudumbu.
– Dzidziso pamusoro pezviratidzo zvine njodzi yekuzvitakura, zvakaita sekubuda ropa, musoro wakakomba, kuona zvisipo, kuzvimba zvakanyanya, fivha, kuputika kwematumbu nguva isati yakwana, uye kusafamba zvakanaka kwemwana ari mudumbu.
– Kupa mazano pamusoro pekudya, kuzorora, uye hutano hwepfungwa, nekuti kushushikana kwenguva refu kunogona kukanganisa pamuviri.
- Kuronga kuberekwa uye kudzivirira matambudziko (P4K), kusanganisira kusarudza nzvimbo yekuberekera, shamwari yekusununguka, mupi weropa, kutakurwa, uye hurongwa hwekutumira mwana kuchipatara.
Nekubatsira kweANC kwakanaka, vananyamukuta havango "tarise" chete, asiwo vanovaka kunzwisisana kwemhuri uye kuzvimiririra mukuchengetedza pamuviri.
3. Nguva yevashandi
Munguva yekusununguka, matanho ekudzivirira anotarisa pakudzivirira matambudziko akakomba uye kupararira kwehutachiona. Matanho akakosha anosanganisira:
– Kutarisa kufambira mberi kwekusununguka uchishandisa zvishandiso zvakaita se patrograph kudzivirira kusununguka kwenguva refu nematambudziko ayo.
- Kushandiswa kwekudzivirira hutachiona, zvakaita sekuchenesa maoko, michina isina utachiona, uye nzira dzekudzivirira hutachiona.
– Kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza kwezviratidzo zvekukurumidzira, zvakaita sekubuda ropa, kutambudzika kwemwana ari mudumbu, kana mvura inonhuwa inoratidza hutachiona.
- Kutarisira danho rechitatu nekushingaira kudzivirira kubuda ropa mushure mekusununguka, chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zverufu rwaamai.
– Kutumirwa kuchipatara nenguva kana paine zviratidzo zvengozi zvinoda kurapwa kwakawedzerwa.
Kudzivirira panguva ino kwakakosha nekuti mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinja nekukurumidza. Kugadzirira kwenzira yekutumira varwere kuchipatara uye hunyanzvi hwevananyamukuta ndizvo zvakakosha.
4. Nguva yekusununguka uye kutarisirwa kwevacheche
Mushure mekusununguka, njodzi hadziperi. Kubuda ropa, hutachiona, kushungurudzika mushure mekusununguka, uye kunyange matambudziko ekuyamwisa zvinogona kuitika. Matanho ekudzivirira panguva iyi anosanganisira:
- Kuongororwa kwekupinda kwechibereko, kubuda ropa, zviratidzo zvehutachiona, uye BP.
– Kupa mazano ekuyamwisa uye kutanga kuyamwisa mwana nguva isati yakwana, pamwe nerubatsiro rwekuyamwisa chete kuti pave nekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvemuviri zvemwana uye kuderedza njodzi yekubuda ropa kubva kuna amai.
– Dzidziso pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwemwana achangoberekwa, zvakaita sekuchengetedza kudziya, kuchena kwerukuvhute, uye zviratidzo zvengozi yemwana achangoberekwa (semuenzaniso kufema zvishoma, jaundice yakanyanya, pfari, kuramba kuyamwisa).
– Nhombai vana maererano nenguva yakatarwa uye tarisai kukura kwavo.
- Mazano ekuronga mhuri mushure mekusununguka kuti vagadzirise mikana yekubata pamuviri yakachengeteka uye kuderedza mimba dziri pedyo zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekusununguka inowanzo nyanya kutarisirwa, kunyangwe kufa kwakawanda kwevanaamai nevana vacheche kuchiitika mumavhiki ekutanga mushure mekusununguka.
Kukanganiswa kwematanho ekudzivirira pamadzimai, vacheche nenzanga
Matanho ekudzivirira ane mabhenefiti akawanda. Kune vanaamai, kudzivirira kunoderedza njodzi yezvinetso zvakaita sekushaya ropa kwakanyanya, preeclampsia, kubuda ropa, uye hutachiona. Kune vacheche, kudzivirira kunoderedza huwandu hwekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana, kuzvarwa kushoma, uye kufa kwevacheche. Kumhuri, kudzivirira kunoderedza mutoro wemari yehutano uye kushushikana kwepfungwa kwenjodzi. Munharaunda yese, kudzivirira kunobatsira mukuvandudza hutano, kugona kubereka, uye hupenyu hwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Pamusoro pezvo, matanho ekudzivirira anosimbisa hurongwa hwehutano nekuderedza huwandu hwevanhu vanotumirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekurapa nekukurumidzira vanogona kudzivirirwa, zvichibvumira nzvimbo dzehutano kuti dzitarise zvakanyanya pakurapa vanhu vanoda rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi.
Matambudziko uye nzira dzekusimbisa
Pasinei nekukosha kwayo, kushandisa matanho ekudzivirira kunowanzosangana nematambudziko akadai sekushomeka kwekuwana masevhisi, kushaya ruzivo rweveruzhinji, zvinhu zvine chekuita nemagariro evanhu, uye zvipingamupinyi zvehupfumi. Nokudaro, nzira dzekusimbisa dzinofanira kusanganisira:
- Dzidzo yehutano inowanikwa munharaunda kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvehutano zvakabatana (posyandu), makirasi epamuviri, uye kushanya kumba.
– Kuvandudza mhando yemabasa eANC uye kuramba uchitarisirwa, kuitira kuti vanaamai vasangouya kamwe chete vozomira vachiongororwa.
- Kushandira pamwe kwevashandi pamwe chete uye kutumira varwere kuzvipatara zvinobudirira pakati pevananyamukuta, vanachiremba, vanamukoti, nenzvimbo dzehutano.
- Kubatanidzwa kwemurume nemhuri, nekuti rutsigiro rwemhuri rwakakosha zvikuru pakusarudza sarudzo dzehutano.
- Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji, senge zviyeuchidzo zvehurongwa hwekudzora uye kutaurirana nefoni munzvimbo dzakaoma kusvika.
Mhedziso
Kuchengetedza vana muvana vanozvara mwana inzira inokosha pakuchengetedza hutano nekuti inogona kudzivirira matambudziko, kuona njodzi nekukurumidza, uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwevanaamai nevacheche. Kuedza kudzivirira kunofanira kunge kwakazara, kubva pakutanga kwekubata pamuviri kusvika pakusununguka, kusvika pakuchengetwa kwevana vacheche. Vananyamukuta vanoita basa guru sevadzidzisi, shamwari, uye vanopa masevhisi ekurapa anotarisana nekudzivirira. Nekusimbisa kutarisirwa kwekudzivirira, hatingoponesi hupenyu chete asiwo tinovaka zvizvarwa zvine hutano uye remangwana rakajeka remhuri.
