Vananyamukuta vari muzvirongwa zvekudzivirira kufuta kwevana
Kufutisa kwevana kwave dambudziko guru rehutano hwevanhu iro rave richinyanya kuoneka mumakore achangopfuura. Dambudziko iri harisi rekungoonekwa chete asi rine chekuita nenjodzi yezvirwere zvisingatapuriranwe mukukura, zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri, BP, chirwere chemwoyo, matambudziko ekufema, uye matambudziko epfungwa sekusazviremekedza uye kushungurudzwa. Matanho ekudzivirira anofanirwa kuitwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, kunyangwe panguva yekuzvitakura nemwana mudiki. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vananyamukuta vane basa rekutarisira hutano hwemadzimai, vacheche, nevana uye vane mukana wekuwana mhuri zvakananga kuburikidza nekuchengetedzwa kwevana vasati vazvarwa, kusununguka, kutarisirwa mushure mekusununguka, uye kutarisa kukura nekukura.
Kunzwisisa kufuta kwevana uye zvinhu zvinokonzera kufutisa
Kufutisa kwevana kunowanzoitika kana kudya simba kunopfuura zvinodiwa nemuviri kwenguva yakareba. Zvikonzero zvacho zvine chekuita nezvinhu zvakawanda: kudya zvine shuga yakawanda, munyu, uye mafuta; kunwa zvinwiwa zvine shuga yakawanda; huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinwiwa; kushaya maekisesaizi emuviri; nguva yakawanda yekuvhura maziso; kurara zvisina kunaka; uye zvinhu zvemhuri zvakaita setsika dzekudya kumba. Uyezve, zvinhu zvevana vechidiki zvinoitawo basa, zvakaita sehuremu hwekuzvarwa, tsika dzekupa vana chikafu, uye tsika dzekupa vana chikafu chinowedzera. Vana vanogara vachidya chikafu chakagadzirwa zvakanyanya uye vasingawanzoiti maekisesaizi vari panjodzi huru yekuunganidzwa kwemafuta.
Kudzivirira kufuta hazvirevi kuti mwana anofanira kurambidzwa kudya zvinodyiwa, asi kuti anofanira kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka uye hune hutano hwakakodzera kukura kwake. Apa ndipo panoshanda vananyamukuta sevadzidzisi, vanopa mazano, uye vanotsigira shanduko yehunhu mumhuri nemunharaunda.
Basa revanyamukuta kubva pakubata pamuviri: kudzivirira njodzi kubva pakutanga
Kudzivirira kufuta kwevana zvakanaka kunotanga panguva yekuzvitakura. Vananyamukuta vanogona kubatsira vanaamai vane pamuviri kunzwisisa kukosha kwekudya kwakanaka, kuwedzera huremu hwakakodzera, uye kudya zvine mwero. Kufuta zvakanyanya panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuva nemwana mukuru (macrosomia) uye kuwedzera mukana wekufutisa kwevana. Kusiyana neizvi, kushaya chikafu zvinovaka muviri kunogonawo kukanganisa metabolism yemwana gare gare muhupenyu hwake.
Vananyamukuta vanoita basa mu:
1. Mazano ekudya panguva yekuzvitakura, kusanganisira kusarudza manyuko emacarbohydrate akaomarara, mapuroteni emhando yepamusoro, mafuta ane hutano, uye miriwo nemichero.
2. Kutarisa kuwedzera kwehuremu hwaamai nekutarisa huwandu hwehuremu hwemuviri vasati vabata pamuviri.
3. Dzidziso pamusoro pemitambo yemuviri yakachengeteka panguva yekuzvitakura, yakaita sekufamba, gymnastics yekusununguka, kana zvimwe zviitiko zvidiki zvichienderana nemamiriro emuviri waamai.
4. Kudzivirira uye kuona chirwere cheshuga panguva yekuzvitakura, icho chinobatanidzwa nenjodzi yekuva nevana vakura uye matambudziko ekugaya chikafu mushure menguva.
Nekubatsira kuri nyore uye kwakarongeka, vananyamukuta vanogona kubatsira kugadzira hwaro huri nani hwehutano hwemwana.
Rutsigiro rwekuyamwisa: danho rakakosha mukudzivirira kufuta
Kuyamwisa mwana kunodzivirira kufuta kwemwana. Mukaka wemuzamu une chikafu chakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nemwana, unobatsira kudzora chido chekudya, uye unotsigira kukura kwe microbiota ine hutano mudumbu. Vananyamukuta vanoita basa guru mukuvandudza kubudirira kwekuyamwisa, kunyanya kuyamwisa mwana chete kwemwedzi mitanhatu uye kuramba vachiyamwisa mwana kusvika pazera remakore maviri nekupa mwana chikafu chakakodzera.
Vananyamukuta vanogona kuita:
– Kutanga kuyamwisa mwana nguva isati yakwana (IMD) mushure mekusununguka, izvo zvinowedzera mikana yekuyamwisa mwana zvinobudirira.
– Mazano ekubatsira amai kuti vagare zvakanaka uye kuti mukaka wemuzamu uve wakakodzera.
– Rubatsiro mukukunda matambudziko ekuyamwisa, akadai sekurwadziwa kwemazamu, kuzvimba kwemazamu, kana kuti vacheche vari kunetseka nekuyamwisa.
– Dzidziso pamusoro pekupa mukaka wemufudze zvakakodzera kana zvichidikanwa, ukuwo uchidzivirira kupa mukaka wakawandisa.
Kuyamwisa zvakanaka hakungobatsiri chete pakudzivirira muviri wemwana, asiwo kunobatsira kudzivirira kuwedzera uremu zvakanyanya muhudiki.
Dzidzo pamusoro pekudya kwekuwedzera uye maitiro ekudya kwemhuri
Kana vacheche vasvika mwedzi mitanhatu yekuberekwa, kudya kwekuwedzera kunova nguva yakakosha. Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa zvinosanganisira kupa chikafu chinotapira zvakanyanya, mapuroteni mashoma, zvekudya zvisina hutano zvakanyanya, kana huwandu husina kukodzera. Vananyamukuta vanogona kupa dzidzo inoshanda kuvabereki nezvenguva dzekudya, kusiyana kwemenyu, magadzirirwo anoenderana nezera, uye zviratidzo zvekugadzirira kwevacheche.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvedzidzo yeMP-ASI izvo vananyamukuta vanogona kusimbisa zvinosanganisira:
– MP-ASI inofanira kuva nesimba rakakwana uye mapuroteni, ichishandisa zvinhu zvinovaka muviri zvemuno (mazai, hove, huku, tempeh, tofu, nzungu).
– Deredza shuga yakawedzerwa nezvinwiwa zvinotapira, zvinosanganisira tii inotapira, mukaka wakakanyiwa, kana majusi akaputirwa.
– Dzidzisai vabereki kuti vaone zviratidzo zvemwana wavo zvekuti ane nzara uye akaguta kuitira kuti vasamumanikidza kudya.
- Jairai kudya pamwe chete semhuri nekutevera muenzaniso wemaitiro ekudya ane hutano kubva kuvabereki venyu.
- Kurudzira kunwa mvura nemichero yese pane zvinwiwa zvinotapira.
Dzidzo haigumiri pavana, sezvo tsika dzekudya dzevana dzichikanganiswa zvakanyanya netsika dzekudya dzemumba. Vananyamukuta vanogona kukurudzira vabereki kuti vaite shanduko diki, dzakadai sekupa zvekudya zvine hutano (mabhanana, mapapaya, mbatatisi dzakabikwa) uye kuderedza huwandu hwezvikafu zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kumba.
Kutarisa kukura nekukura uye kuona nekukurumidza
Vananyamukuta vanowanzo shanda mumabasa ehutano akabatanidzwa (Posyandu) uye mumabasa ehutano hwekutanga. Izvi zvinopa mukana wakakosha wekutarisa kukura kwevana kuburikidza nekuyera huremu, kureba/hurefu, uye kutenderera kwemusoro. Nekuyerwa nguva dzose, vananyamukuta vanogona kuona mafambiro ehuremu hwakanyanya nekukurumidza uye kupa mazano akakodzera kufutisa kusati kwanyanya.
Pamusoro pekutarisa nhamba, vananyamukuta vanofanirawo kutarisisa zvinotevera:
– Marara evana (kushaya hope kwakabatana nekuwedzera kwenjodzi yekufutisa).
- Kurovedza muviri zuva nezuva, kusanganisira tsika yekutamba panze.
- Nguva yekuona skrini, kunyanya kuvana vadiki.
– Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mafungiro evanhu, zvakaita sekushushikana kwemhuri kana maitiro ekurera vana zvinokanganisa maitiro ekudya.
Kana paine zviratidzo zvekufuta zvakanyanya, nyamukuta anogona kuendesa mwana kuna chiremba kana nyanzvi yezvekudya kuti awane mamwe marapirwo, ukuwo achibatsira mhuri kuti ishandure hunhu hwavo.
Kukurudzira kurovedza muviri uye kuderedza nguva yekutarisa skrini
Kudzivirira kufuta hakungotarisirwi chete pakudya. Vana vanoda kurovedza muviri zvinoenderana nezera ravo, zvakaita sekutamba, kumhanya, kuchovha bhasikoro, kana kurovedza muviri kuri nyore. Vananyamukuta vanogona kupa meseji yekuti kurovedza muviri hakufanirwe kunge "kurovedza muviri kunonetesa," asi tsika yezuva nezuva yekufamba.
Vananyamukuta vanogona kudzidzisa mhuri kuti:
– Koka vana kuti vatambe kunze kwemba vachitarisirwa.
- Deredza nguva yekushandisa kombiyuta uye tsiva nemabasa anoitwa.
– Deredza tsika yekudya uchiona terevhizheni nekuti inokonzera kudya zvakanyanya.
- Gadzirira nguva yekurara, sezvo kurara kuchikanganisa mahormone anodzora kudya.
Shoko iri richashanda zvakanyanya kana nyamukuta akaritaura netsitsi, zvine musoro, uye zvichienderana nemamiriro emhuri panyaya dzehupfumi.
Basa revanyamukuta munharaunda: kushandira pamwe nekutsigira
Vananyamukuta havashande vega. Zvirongwa zvekudzivirira kufuta kwevana zvichabudirira zvikuru kana zvikashandiswa nekubatsirana nemapoka ehutano akabatanidzwa (Posyandu), nzvimbo dzehutano dzemunharaunda (Puskesmas), vadzidzisi vedzidzo yevana vadiki, uye vatungamiriri venharaunda. Vananyamukuta vanogona kubatsira kugadzira zviitiko zvekudzidzisa mapoka, makirasi evanaamai nevana vadiki, kana kupa mazano ezvekudya zvinovaka muviri zvinosimbisa maitiro anoshanda, akadai sekuratidzwa kwekubika kwekudya kunovaka muviri uye kunodhura (MP-ASI).
Pamusoro pezvo, vananyamukuta vanogona kuita basa rekutsigira nharaunda ine hutano, semuenzaniso kukurudzira:
- Kuwanikwa kwechikafu chine hutano muzvikoro nenzvimbo dzekutamba.
– Kurambidzwa kudya zvekudya zvine shuga yakawanda nemafuta akawanda pazviitiko zvepachipatara chehutano (Posyandu) kana pazviitiko zvemunharaunda.
- Purogiramu yebindu remhuri kana kushandiswa kwemayadhi ekurima miriwo.
Kuedza uku kwekutsigira kunowedzera simba, nekuti kufuta kwevana hakungopesvedzerwa nesarudzo dzemunhu mumwe chete, asiwo nenzvimbo inoumba sarudzo idzodzo.
Matambudziko uye nzira dzekuakunda
Muchokwadi, vananyamukuta vanosangana nematambudziko akadai sekushaya ruzivo rwezvekudya kwevabereki, pesvedzero yekushambadzira kwechikafu, tsika yekuti "mwana akakora zvinoreva hutano", uye nguva shoma yekupa mazano. Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko aya, vananyamukuta vanogona kushandisa nzira dziri nyore asi dzinoshanda dzekutaurirana: kutarisa pane imwe kana mbiri shanduko huru dzemaitiro, kushandisa mienzaniso yemenyu yemuno, uye kuita nguva dzose ongororo.
Maitiro asina mutongo akakosha. Vabereki vanofanira kunzwa vachitsigirwa, kwete kupomerwa mhosva. Nenzira iyi, shanduko dzemararamiro dzinogona kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye nenzira inoenderera mberi.
Mhedziso
Vananyamukuta vanoita basa guru muzvirongwa zvekudzivirira kufuta kwevana nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwavo panguva yekuzvitakura, kubereka, kuyamwisa, kupa kudya kwakakwana, uye kutarisa kukura nekukura munharaunda. Kuburikidza nedzidzo yezvekudya, rutsigiro rwekuyamwisa, kutarisa kukura, kukurudzira kurovedza muviri, uye kushanda pamwe chete nemakambani akasiyana, vananyamukuta vanogona kubatsira mhuri kukudziridza mararamiro ane hutano kubva pazera diki. Kudzivirira kufuta hakungoiti kuti vana vave nehuremu hwakanaka chete asiwo kuisa mari kwenguva refu muchizvarwa chine hutano, chinoshanda zvakanyanya, uye chine hunyanzvi.
