Kutarisirwa Kwevana Vachiri Kuyamwisa Muzvirwere Zvenguva Isati Yakwana
Pendauluan
Kubata pamuviri nguva isati yakwana, kana kuti kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana, kuzvarwa kwemwana asati asvika mavhiki makumi matatu nemanomwe ekuberekwa. Mukurapa kwekusununguka, kutarisira kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana idambudziko rinoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya, tichifunga nezvematambudziko angangoitika kuna amai nemwana. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvakadzama nezvekuchengetedzwa kwevana vakaberekwa nguva isati yakwana, kusanganisira kuzivikanwa, kupindira, uye manejimendi yakazara yekuvandudza hutano hweamai nemwana.
Kuziva Njodzi Dzenguva Isati Yasvika
Kuziva njodzi yekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana idanho rekutanga rakakosha mukudzivirira nekurapa. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana zvinosanganisira:
1. Nhoroondo Yekare Yekubereka Mwana Asina Kukwana: Vanaamai vakambobereka mwana asati akwana vane mukana wakakura wekusununguka mwana asati akwana panguva yekuzvitakura kwavo kunotevera.
2. Kutapukirwa: Kutapukirwa kwakadai sekutapukirwa kwenzira yemuweti, bacterial vaginosis, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera kusununguka nguva isati yakwana.
3. Matambudziko Pamuviri: Zvirwere zvakaita se preeclampsia, chirwere cheshuga chepamuviri, uye placenta abruption zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekusununguka nguva isati yakwana.
4. Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Mararamiro: Kusvuta, kunwa doro, uye kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana.
5. Kushushikana uye Mamiriro Epfungwa: Zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kushushikana uye mamiriro asina kunaka emanzwiro zvinobatanidzwawo nekuwedzera kwenjodzi yekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana.
Kupindira Kwepamuviri Pakubereka
Kana njodzi yekusununguka nguva isati yakwana yaonekwa, danho rinotevera nderekudzivirira kana kunonotsa kusununguka nguva isati yakwana. Heano mamwe matanho anogona kuitwa nevananyamukuta:
1. Kupiwa Progesterone: Kune vanaamai vane nhoroondo yekusununguka nguva isati yakwana kana vane zviratidzo zvengozi, kupiwa progesterone kunogona kubatsira kuwedzera nguva yekuzvitakura.
2. Kuongororwa uye Kutarisirwa kweUtachiona: Kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwehutachiona hunosangana nevakadzi vane pamuviri.
3. Kuvhiyiwa kweCerclage: Kuna vanaamai vasina kugona kutakura cervicitis, kuiswa kweCerclage kana kusukwa kweCervically kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana.
4. Zorora uye Uderedze Maekisesaizi: Deredza maekisesaizi uye ipa nguva yakakwana yekuzorora, kunyanya kune vakadzi vane pamuviri vari panjodzi huru.
5. Dzidzo Yehutano: Dzidzo nekupa mazano pamusoro pemararamiro ane hutano, kudzivirira kushushikana, uye kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwevana vasati vaberekwa nguva dzose.
Kutarisira Munguva Yebasa Revana Vasati Vasvika Nguva Yebasa
Kana kusununguka nguva isati yakwana kusingadzivisiki, kurapwa kwakakodzera kwakakosha kuderedza njodzi yematambudziko. Nzira dzinogona kushandiswa dzinosanganisira:
1. Kugadzirira Imba Yekuberekera neChikwata Chekurapa: Kugadzirira imba yekuberekera yakakwana nechikwata chekurapa chine nyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sevanachiremba vevana vacheche, vanachiremba veanesthesia, uye vananyamukuta vakadzidziswa.
2. Mishonga yekudzivirira pamuviri: Kupa vakadzi vane pamuviri mishonga yecorticosteroid panguva yakaoma vasati vasununguka kuti mapapu emwana akurumidze kukura.
3. Magnesium Sulfate: Kushandiswa kwemagnesium sulfate kunogona kupihwa kudzivirira uropi hwemwana kubva panjodzi yekurwara nepfungwa.
4. Kudzora Marwadzo: Kudzora marwadzo zvinobudirira mumadzimai ane pamuviri kuderedza kushushikana nematambudziko ane chekuita nekusununguka.
Kutarisirwa Kwemwana Mushure mekusununguka
Kutarisirwa kwevana vacheche vasati vasvika panguva yekusununguka kunoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwavo mumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana. Mamwe matanho akakosha mukutarisira vana mushure mekusununguka anosanganisira:
1. MaIncubator uye Kudzora Tembiricha: Vana vacheche vasati vasvika nguva yekuzvarwa vanowanzo fanirwa kuiswa muIncubator kuti varambe vachidziya muviri.
2. Kudya Zvinovaka Muviri: Kupa mwana chikafu chakakwana kwakakosha, kungave kuburikidza nemukaka wemuzamu wakakangwa, wekugadzira, kana musanganiswa wezvose zviri zviviri.
3. Kutarisa Hutano: Kunyatsoongorora uye kuona matambudziko akadai sehutachiona, zvirwere zvekufema, uye zvirwere zvekugaya chikafu nekukurumidza.
4. Kupindira Kwezvekurapa Kwakanyanya: Matanho ekurapa epamusoro akadai sekurapa nechiedza chemuviri (phototherapy) chirwere chejaundice, kufemesa mweya wemwana ane matambudziko ekufema, nezvimwe zvinoenderana nemamiriro emwana.
5. Rutsigiro rwepfungwa kumadzimai nemhuri: Kupa mazano nerutsigiro kumadzimai nemhuri kuti vatarisane nematambudziko ekutarisira vana vacheche vasati vaberekwa.
Kukosha Kwekushandira Pamwe Chete Muzvikoro Zvine Nyanzvi Dzakawanda
Kuchengeta vana vacheche vasati vasvika panguva yekuzvitakura kunoda nzira yekushandira pamwe inosanganisira zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana. Vananyamukuta vanoshanda sevarongi, vachiona kuti chikwata chose chehutano chinobatanidzwa mukutarisira vakadzi vane pamuviri vari panjodzi yekusununguka nguva isati yakwana kusvika mwana azvarwa uye mushure menguva yakaoma. Kushanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi dzezvekudya, vanachiremba vevana, vanachiremba vevana vacheche, uye nyanzvi dzepfungwa ndicho chinhu chikuru pakubudirira kwekutarisira vananyamukuta vasati vasvika panguva yekuzvitakura.
Mhedziso
Kutarisirwa kwevananyamukuta panguva yekusununguka kunoda hurongwa hwakazara, kubva pakuziva njodzi uye kupindira mukusununguka kusvika pakutarisira nguva yekusununguka uye kutarisirwa kwevana vachangobva kusununguka. Dzidzo nekupa mazano kuvakadzi vane pamuviri, kushanda pamwe chete nechikwata chezvekurapa , uye kutarisa kwakasimba zvakakosha pakuderedza njodzi yematambudziko uye kuvandudza hutano hwemadzimai nevecheche. Nokudaro, kuvandudzwa kweruzivo nehunyanzvi hwevananyamukuta mukutarisira nguva yekusununguka kunoda kuvandudzwa nguva dzose kuti pave nehutano hwakanaka.
Referensi
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, mabhuku anotevera anogona kushandiswa serubatsiro:
1. Cunningham, FG, nevamwe (2021). Williams Obstetrics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
2. Kenner, C., & Lott, J. W. (2016). Kutarisirwa Kwakazara Kwevana Vachiri Kuyaruka. Springer Publishing Company.
3. Goldenberg, R.L., et al. (2008). Epidemiology uye zvikonzero zvekuzvarwa kwemwana nguva isati yakwana. The Lancet, 371(9606), 75-84.
Neruzivo rwakakwana uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera, kutarisirwa kwevana vadiki panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kuunza shanduko dzakanaka uye dzakakosha kuhutano hwevanaamai nevacheche.
