Mhedzisiro yePolymers paMishonga
Mapolymers anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yemazuva ano. Haangoshandi se "fillers" chete kana kutsigira zvimwe zvinhu, asiwo anoona mashandiro emushonga, kugadzikana, nyore kushandisa, uye kunyange kubudirira kwekurapa. Nekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira, mapolymers ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzirisa ma profiles ekuburitswa kwemishonga, kuwedzera kunyungudika, kuvandudza kuwanikwa kwemishonga, uye kugadzira masisitimu ekutumira mishonga akangwara uye akanangana. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura pesvedzero yemapolymers pakugadzirwa kwemishonga maererano nebasa, mashandiro, uye mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwawo mumhando dzakasiyana dzedosi.
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu hweMishonga yePolymers
Mapolymer mamorekuru makuru anoumbwa nemayuniti madiki anodzokororwa (monomers) akabatanidzwa kuti aumbe cheni refu. Muindasitiri yemishonga, mapolymer anogona kubva pazvinhu zvechisikigo, semi-synthetic, kana synthetic . Mienzaniso yemapolymer echisikigo inosanganisira alginate, chitosan, gelatin, uye starch. Mapolymer esemi-synthetic anosanganisira cellulose derivatives akadai seHPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), uye MCC (microcrystalline cellulose). Mapolymer e synthetic anoshandiswa zvakanyanya anosanganisira PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), PEG (polyethylene glycol), PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), uye mapolymer eacrylate akadai seEudragit.
Hunhu hwepolymer hunoenderana nemafomura emishonga hunosanganisira huremu hwemamorekuru, viscosity, solubility, electrical charge (anionic/cationic/neutral), gel kana firimu-forming ability, uye kugadzikana kwepH netembiricha. Kusiyana uku muhunhu kunoreva kuti mapolymer anogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakasiyana pamhando uye mashandiro efomura.
Mapolymer seVanodzora Kuburitswa Kwemishonga
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvinokonzerwa nemapolymers mukugadzirwa kwemishonga kugona kwawo kudzora ma profiles ekuburitswa kwemishonga. Mumapiritsi anoburitswa kwenguva refu kana anodzorwa, mapolymers anoshanda sematrix kana barrier layer inononotsa kupararira kwemushonga munzvimbo yekunze.
Semuenzaniso, HPMC inowanzoshandiswa se hydrophilic matrix-forming polymer. Kana mapiritsi akasangana nemvura yemudumbu, HPMC inonwisa mvura yogadzira gel inodzivisa kuburitswa kwemushonga. Ukobvu hwegel uye viscosity yepolymer zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuti mushonga unoburitswa nekukurumidza sei. Kana viscosity kana polymer yakawanda, kuburitswa kwemushonga kunononoka.
Mumapiritsi kana macapsule coating systems, mapolymer akadai seEudragit anogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nechinangwa chekuburitsa. Mamwe marudzi anonyunguduka pa pH chaiyo, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa kwe enteric (mudumbu isingapindi acid, intestinal-soluble). Saka, mapolymer anobatsira kudzivirira kuora kwemishonga mudumbu uku achideredza kutsamwa kwemudumbu kune mimwe mishonga.
Kugadzikana Kwemuviri Nemakemikari Kwakavandudzika
Mapolymer anokanganisawo kugadzikana kwechinhu chinogadzirwa , mumuviri nemumakemikari. Muma suspension, mapolymer anoshanda sema thickeners uye stabilizers, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvemushonga zvirambe zvakapararira zvakaenzana uye zvisagadzikane nekukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, CMC kana xanthan gum inogona kuwedzera viscosity yechinhu ichi, kuderedza sedimentation rate, uye kubatsira kugadzira suspension iri nyore kuzununguswa uye yakafanana.
Mumhando dzakasimba dzemuyero , mapolymer akadai sePVP anowanzo shandiswa sezvisungo zvekubatanidza mu granulation yakanyorova kuti mapiritsi arambe akabatana. Mapiritsi anobuda akasimba, haana kupwanyika zvakanyanya, uye anokwanisa kuchengetedza kunaka kwawo panguva yekubata, kurongedza, uye kugovera.
Panyaya yemakemikari, mamwe mapolymer anogona kubatsira kudzivirira mishonga kubva mukuora kwe oxidative kana hydrolytic. Masisitimu e polymer-based encapsulation (semuenzaniso, PLGA nanoparticles) anogona kuparadzanisa mishonga kubva kuzvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvakaita sechiedza, okisijeni, kana hunyoro, nokudaro achiwedzera nguva yekushanda kwayo.
Mhedzisiro yePolymers paKunyungudika uye Kuwanikwa kweBioavailability
Mishonga yakawanda hainyungudike zvakanaka mumvura, zvichikonzera kusawanikwa kwemishonga mumuviri. Mapolymer anogona kushandiswa kuwedzera kunyungudika kwemishonga, imwe nzira iri kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwezvakapararira zvakasimba. Muzvakapararira zvakasimba, mushonga unoparadzirwa mupolymer matrix yakaita sePVP kana PEG, zvichikonzera chimiro chisina chimiro chine zvidimbu zvidiki kwazvo. Izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro uye zvinokurumidzisa kunyungudika.
Pamusoro pezvo, mapolymer anogona kushanda sezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa kana zvinogadzirisa zvinhu, zvichibatsira kuti mishonga inyungudike zviri nyore. Semuenzaniso, PEG inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira mvura kana kuti semisolid kuti ibatsire kunyungudutsa zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda. Izvi zvinogona kuvandudza kunyudzwa kwemishonga, zvichibvumira kuti pave nedosi dzinoshanda zvakanaka.
Kugadzirwa kwemafirimu, majeli, uye masisitimu ekunamira mucoadhesive
Mukugadzirira ganda neganda, mapolymer anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira mafirimu kana magel. Mumagel eganda, mapolymer akadai secarbomer kana HPMC anoumba chimiro chegel chinopa kugadzikana, chinowedzera nguva yekubata ganda, uye chinokanganisa mwero wekuburitswa kwemishonga kubva pasi pegel kuenda munyama.
Mumishonga inonamira mucoadhesive (semuenzaniso, magel emuromo, mapiritsi ebuccal, kana masisitimu ekutumira mhino), mapolymer akadai sechitosan, carbomer, kana HPMC anogona kuwedzera kunamira mucosa. Kuwedzera kunamira uku kunoita kuti mushonga ugare kwenguva refu panzvimbo inonyudzwa, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekurapa. Chitosan inewo cationic properties inogona kusangana ne negative charge mucus, ichisimbisa kunamira uye inogona kuwedzera kupenya kwemvura.
MaPolymers muMasisitimu Ekutumira Mazuva Ano: Nanoparticles uye Implants
Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwemishonga kuri kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemapolymers muzvirongwa zvepamusoro zvekupa mishonga, zvakaita se nanoparticles, microparticles, uye implants. PLGA ipolymer inozivikanwa zvikuru inoora nekuti inogona kuora kuita lactic acid neglycolic acid, izvo zvakachengeteka mumuviri. Zvirongwa zvePLGA zvinogona kugadzirwa kuti zviburitse mishonga mukati memazuva kusvika kumwedzi, semuenzaniso, yekurapa mahormone, antipsychotics, kana mamwe majekiseni.
Mishonga inoshandiswa pakurapa inoshandisawo mapolymers kuti ibude kwenguva refu. Nekuisa mushonga pasi peganda, mushonga unogona kuburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma nekukurumidza, zvichideredza kudiwa kwemishonga yezuva nezuva uye kuwedzera kutevedzera mitemo.
Kuchengetedzwa uye Kufunga Nezvemitemo
Kunyangwe mapolymer achipa mabhenefiti akawanda, kusarudzwa kwawo hakufanirwe kuve kwega. Mapolymer anofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, kuenderana, uye mhando. Mamwe mapolymer anogona kukonzera kutsamwa, allergic reaction, kana kusangana nemishonga , zvichideredza simba. Naizvozvo, kuyedzwa kwekuenderana kwemishonga, kuongororwa kwekugadzikana, uye kuongororwa kwechepfu matanho akakosha mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira.
Uyezve, zvinhu zvine chekuita nemutemo zvinopesvedzerawo sarudzo yepolymer. Mapolymer mazhinji akanyorwa mu pharmacopoeias kana kuti ane chinzvimbo che "anozivikanwa seakachengeteka" (GRAS) pakushandiswa kwakanangana. Zvisinei, kune matekinoroji matsva akadai se nanoparticles kana mapolymer matsva, zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza uye zvemhando yepamusoro zvinowanzova zvakaoma.
Mhedziso
Mapolymer ane simba rakakura uye rakakosha mukugadzira mishonga. Mabasa avo anosanganisira kudzora kuburitswa kwemishonga, kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemushonga, kuvandudza kunyungudika uye kuwanikwa kwemuviri, kugadzira majeli kana mafirimu, uye kugadzira masisitimu emazuva ano ekutumira akadai se nanoparticles uye implants. Kubudirira kwemushonga kunowanzoenderana zvakanyanya nekusarudzwa kwemhando yepolymer, huwandu, uye hunhu hwefizikisi hwakakodzera chinangwa chekurapa. Nekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga, basa remapolymer rinotarisirwa kuve rakakosha mukugadzira mishonga inoshanda zvakanyanya, yakachengeteka, uye inonyaradza varwere.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chive chedzidzo yepamusoro (nemagwaro ekunyora), kana kugadzira shanduro iri nyore yebasa rechikoro/koreji, pamwe nekuwedzera mienzaniso yemishonga chaiyo inoshandisa mamwe mapolymers.
