Nzira dzekubvisa utachiona mu pharmacy
Pendauluan
Kuchenesa muindasitiri yemishonga inzira huru inovimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwechigadzirwa uye kuchena kubva mukusvibiswa nehutachiona. Maitiro aya akakosha, tichifunga kuti kusvibiswa nehutachiona kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba pahutano hwevaya vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemishonga. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchenesa dzakagadzirwa kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zvemishonga zvisasvibiswa nekusvibiswa nehutachiona hunogona kukuvadza, kungave chigadzirwa chekupedzisira kana zvikamu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchenesa dzinoshandiswa muindasitiri yemishonga, kubva panzira dzemuviri kusvika kumakemikari.
1. Kuchenesa muviri nekupisa
1.1. Kuchenesa muviri nekupisa kwakaoma
Kuchenesa muviri nekupisa kwakaoma inzira inoshandisa tembiricha yepamusoro isina hutsi hwemvura. Nzira iyi inowanzo shandiswa uchishandisa ovheni. Tembiricha inoshandiswa inowanzo bva pa160°C kusvika 180°C, ichitora maawa maviri kusvika matatu. Maitiro aya anobatsira kuuraya tupukanana nekuita kuti mapuroteni ne nucleic acids zvive ne oxidizing. Kuchenesa muviri uku kwakakodzera zvakanyanya kune zvinhu zvisingakwanise kukanganiswa nekuvapo kwehutsi hwemvura, zvakaita sesimbi dzekuvhiya, hupfu, mafuta, negirazi.
1.2. Kuchenesa muviri nekupisa kwakanyorova
Kuchenesa muviri zvine hunyoro, kana kuti autoclaving, inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarabhoritari nemuindasitiri yemishonga. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kushandisa utsi hwemhepo ine simba guru (inenge 121°C) kwemaminitsi 15-20. Inoshanda nekubvisa hunhu hwemapuroteni ehutachiona, zvichikanganisa chimiro chemukati mawo. Autoclaving inoshanda pakuchenesa michina, zvishandiso zvekuvhiya, mvura, nezvinhu zvisingapise kupisa. Zvisinei, nzira iyi haina kukodzera zvinhu zvinonzwa hunyoro kana kupisa, zvakaita semapurasitiki kana mamwe ma enzyme.
2. Kuchenesa muviri nemwaranzi
2.1. Kuchenesa muviri neGamma Radiation
Gamma radiation inzira yekuvhiya inoshandisa gamma rays kubva kunzvimbo ine radioactive senge cobalt-60. Nzira iyi inoshanda mukuuraya mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye spores nekuparadza DNA yavo. Gamma sterilization inowanzo shandiswa pamishonga inoshandiswa kamwe chete, senge sirinji, magurovhosi, kana catheters. Chinhu chikuru cheiyi nzira kugona kwayo kuuraya utachiona pasina kupisa kana kushandisa makemikari.
2.2. Kuchenesa muviri nechiedza cheUltraviolet
Mwenje weUltraviolet (UV) inzira inoshanda uye isingapindi mumhepo yekuvhiya pamusoro nemhepo. Mwenje weUV-C (wavelength 200-280 nm) unouraya tupukanana nekuparadza nucleic acids dzawo. Kuvhiya kweUV kunowanzo shandiswa mumakamuri ekuvhiya, marabhoritari, uye masisitimu eHVAC kudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Muganho wayo uri mukupinda kwakaderera kwechiedza cheUV, zvichiita kuti chisashande zvakanaka pazvinhu zvine nzvimbo dzisina kuenzana kana dzine mumvuri.
3. Kuchenesa muviri nekusefa
Kuchenesa nekuchenesa inzira isingasanganisi kupisa kana mwaranzi asi inoparadzanisa tupukanana kubva mumvura kana magasi uchishandisa mafirita madiki nemadiki. Mafirita ane maburi madiki anowanzova pakati pe 0.22 ne 0.45 micrometers, ayo madiki zvakakwana kudzivirira mabhakitiriya nezvimwe zvidimbu.
3.1. Kusefa Kwemvura
Kuchenesa mvura mufiriji kunowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira mishonga yakaita sejekiseni, seramu, uye mishonga yekuisa mufiriji. Chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti nzira iyi ive yakanaka kuuraya utachiona muzvinwiwa zvinopisa, zvakaita semavhitamini uye mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yemishonga. Zvisinei, inewo miganhu nekuti haigone kubvisa mavhairasi kana zvidimbu zvidiki pane saizi yepore refiriji.
3.2. Kusefa kweGasi
Kuchenesa mhepo nemafuta kunoshandiswawo pamagasi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekugadzira mishonga nedzemarabhoritari. Mafirita eHepa (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) muenzaniso wefirita inoshandiswa kuchenesa mhepo mumakamuri akachena umo zvigadzirwa zvemishonga zvakagadzirwa. Mafirita aya anogona kubata zvidimbu zvidiki kusvika kuma micrometer 0.3 zvine simba re99.97%.
4. Kuchenesa muviri nemakemikari
Kuchenesa tupukanana nemakemikari kunosanganisira kushandisa makemikari kuuraya kana kumisa tupukanana. Nzira iyi inonyanya kubatsira pakuchenesa tupukanana nezvinhu zvinonzwa kupisa kana mwaranzi.
4.1. Kuchenesa muviri neEthylene Oxide
Ethylene oxide (ETO) ikemikari inowanzoshandiswa pakubvisa gasi. ETO inoshanda pakurwisa tupukanana twakawanda, kusanganisira mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye spores. Maitiro aya anoitwa munzvimbo yakavharwa apo gasi reETO rinopombwa patembiricha chaiyo uye kumanikidzwa. ETO inoputsa maumbirwo eDNA neRNA etupukanana, zvichikonzera kufa kwemasero. Nzira iyi inowanzo shandiswa kuuraya tupukanana mumidziyo yepurasitiki yekurapa nemidziyo inonzwa kupisa.
4.2. Kuchenesa muviri neHydrogen Peroxide Plasma
Sisitimu yekubvisa tsvina yehydrogen peroxide muplasma inosanganisa activated hydrogen peroxide neplasma, zvichigadzira ma free radicals anokwanisa kuuraya tupukanana. Nzira iyi inopa mabhenefiti ekukurumidza kugadzirisa uye kusashanda zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera michina yekurapa yakaoma uye inonzwa kupisa.
Penutup
Mumishonga yemazuva ano, kusarudza nzira chaiyo yekubvisa utachiona kwakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda kwemushonga wekupedzisira. Nzira yega yega yekubvisa utachiona ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, uye mashandisirwo akasiyana mukati meketani imwe chete yekugadzira anowanzoda musanganiswa wenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka. Kunzwisisa misimboti yekutanga yenzira yega yega yekubvisa utachiona uye hunhu hwemushonga unofanirwa kubviswa utachiona kwakakosha pakusarudza nzira yakakodzera uye inoshanda. Kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, kubvisa utachiona hakungogadzirisi mhando yemushonga asiwo kunodzivirira hutano nekuchengetedzwa kwemurwere.
