Biomedicine uye Hukama Hwayo nePsychology
Biomedicine inyaya yesainzi yekudzidza nezvemaitiro ehupenyu mumuviri wemunhu uye mashandisirwo awo pakunzwisisa hutano, chirwere, kuongororwa, uye kurapwa. Psychology, kune rumwe rutivi, inodzidza maitiro evanhu, manzwiro, pfungwa, uye maitiro epfungwa. Pakutanga, nzvimbo mbiri idzi dzinoita senyika mbiri dzakasiyana: biomedicine inotarisa pamasero, nhengo, mahormone, uye masisitimu emuviri, nepo psychology ichitaura nezvezviitiko zvemunhu, maitiro ehunhu, uye kudyidzana kwevanhu. Zvisinei, mukuita kwemazuva ano, hukama huripo pakati pebiomedicine nepsychology huri kuramba huchiparadzaniswa. Matambudziko mazhinji ehutano haagone kunzwisiswa kubva pamaonero ese ari maviri. Muviri nepfungwa zvinopesvedzerana kuburikidza nenzira dzakaoma-kubva kuhurongwa hwetsinga kuenda kuhurongwa hwekudzivirira muviri kusvika kuhurongwa hweendocrine-zvinoumba izvo zvinowanzonzi nzira ye biopsychosocial.
Biomedicine: Kubva paBasic Biology kusvika kuHutano Hwevanhu
Biomedicine yakadzika midzi mune zvesainzi zvekutanga zvakaita se biology yemasero, majini, physiology, biochemistry, uye microbiology. Maitiro aya anoona chirwere sekukanganisa chimiro kana mashandiro emuviri. Semuenzaniso, chirwere cheshuga chinonzwisiswa sekusagadzikana kwekugadzirwa kwe insulin kana kunzwa, BP inokonzerwa nekudzora kwetsinga dzeropa neitsvo, uye hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona hunokonzera mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri.
Maitiro ekurapa ane simba mukuona kwaro zvinhu zvisina tsarukano: zviyero zvemuviri zvinogona kuyerwa, zvakaita sehuwandu hweshuga muropa, BP, mashandiro europi, kana huwandu hwemahormone. Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji—yakadai sekufungidzira muuropi (MRI, fMRI), kuyedzwa kwemajini, uye zviratidzo zveropa—zvakabatsira biomedicine kujekesa hwaro hwezvirwere zvakawanda zvaimbove zvakaoma kunzwisisa.
Zvisinei, kana hutano huchionekwa sedambudziko remuviri chete, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoregeredzwa. Vanhu vaviri vane chirwere chakafanana vanogona kusangana nematambudziko akasiyana, maitiro ekutsungirira, uye mhedzisiro yekurapwa. Apa ndipo panobatsira zvikuru pfungwa.
Psychology: Kunzwisisa Pfungwa, Manzwiro, uye Maitiro
Psychology inodzidza kuti vanhu vanofunga sei, vanonzwa sei, uye vanoita sei. Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira mapazi akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekiriniki yepfungwa, hutano hwepfungwa, kukura kwepfungwa, magariro evanhu, uye neuropsychology. Munyaya yehutano, psychology inosimbisa kuti kushushikana, tsika, zvitendero, hukama hwevanhu, uye zviitiko zvehupenyu zvinopesvedzera sei hutano nekupora.
Semuenzaniso, kutevedzera mishonga hakusi kungoziva kana kusaziva chete; kunewo chekuita nekukurudzira, migumisiro inoonekwa, rutsigiro rwemhuri, kuvimba nenyanzvi dzehutano, uye matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa akadai sekuora mwoyo kana kuzvidya mwoyo. Kubudirira kukuru kwekurapa kwemazuva ano kunoenderana nekuchinja kwehunhu: kurega kusvuta, kuvandudza kudya, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, uye kugadzirisa kushushikana. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvakakosha zvepfungwa.
Bhiriji Guru: Muenzaniso weBiopsychosocial
Hukama huripo pakati pemishonga yezvekurapa nepfungwa hunowanzo tsanangurwa mumuenzaniso we biopsychosocial, pfungwa yekuti hutano nezvirwere zvinopesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvitatu: zvehupenyu (genetics, physiology, neurochemistry), zvepfungwa (manzwiro, kuziva, kugadzirisa), uye zvemagariro (tsika, mhuri, hupfumi, nharaunda). Muenzaniso uyu unoramba maonero ekuti chirwere ingori "kusashanda zvakanaka kwemuchina wemuviri." Pane kudaro, vanhu vanonzwisiswa sehurongwa hwakazara.
Semuenzaniso, mukurwadziwa kusingaperi. Panyaya yehupenyu, kurwadziwa kunogona kubva mukukuvadzwa kwenyama kana kukanganiswa kwetsinga. Zvisinei, kazhinji, kusimba kwekurwadziwa kunonzwa hakusi nguva dzose kunoenderana nezvakawanikwa mukurapa. Zvinhu zvepfungwa zvakaita sekuzvidya mwoyo, kugara uchifunga nezvezviitiko zvinoshungurudza, kunyanya kutarisa manzwiro emuviri, uye zvitendero zvisina kunaka ("Ndinofanira kunge ndakaremara") zvinogona kuwedzera maonero ekurwadziwa. Zvinhu zvemagariro evanhu zvakaita sekushushikana kubasa kana kushaya rutsigiro rwemhuri zvinogonawo kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Nokudaro, kurapa kwakanakisa kunowanzo sanganisa mishonga, kurapa kwemuviri, uye kupindira kwepfungwa senge kurapa kwepfungwa-maitiro.
Neuropsychology neNeuroscience: Pfungwa Yakajeka Inowirirana
Kusangana kwakasimba pakati pemishonga yekurapa nepfungwa kunoonekwa mu neuropsychology ne neuroscience. Uropi, senhengo yemuviri, hunogadzira maitiro epfungwa akadai sekurangarira, kutarisisa, manzwiro, uye kuita sarudzo. Kukanganiswa muchimiro kana mashandiro europi kunogona kukanganisa zvakananga maitiro uye zviitiko zvepfungwa.
Semuenzaniso, kuora mwoyo hakungonzwisiswi se "kusuruvara" kana "kushaya kutenda." Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kubatanidzwa kwemishonga inorwisa ma "neurotransmitters" (yakadai se serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine), shanduko mumabasa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi, uye kubatana nehurongwa hwekushushikana (HPA axis: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal). Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei mishonga inorwisa kuora mwoyo ichigona kubatsira vamwe vanhu, nepo psychotherapy ichibatsira nekuchinja mafungiro, kudzora manzwiro, uye maitiro.
Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvirwere zvekuzvidya mwoyo, schizophrenia, ADHD, autism, kana dementia. Biomedicine inobatsira kuronga hwaro hwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kupindira kwemishonga, nepo psychology ichibatsira nekuongorora mashandiro emuviri, kugadzirisa hutano, kudzidzisa hunyanzvi, uye rutsigiro rwepfungwa.
Psycho-neuro-immunology: Kana Kushushikana Kuchinja Dziviriro Yemuviri
Chikamu che psychoneuroimmunology (psychoneuroimmunology) chinoongorora kuti pfungwa nemanzwiro zvinogona sei kukanganisa immune system kuburikidza netsinga nemaitiro emahormone. Semuenzaniso, kushushikana kwenguva refu kunogona kuwedzera mazinga e cortisol kwenguva refu. Mazinga e cortisol akawandisa kwenguva refu anogona kukanganisa kurongeka kwemasimba ekudzivirira muviri, kuwedzera kuzvimba, uye kunonoka kupora.
Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza hukama huripo pakati pekushushikana kwepfungwa nenjodzi yezvirwere zvemwoyo, matambudziko ekugaya chikafu, kudzikira kwehope, uye kutotapukirwa nehutachiona. Izvi hazvirevi kuti "zvirwere zvese zviri mupfungwa," asi zvinoratidza kuti hutano hwepfungwa chinhu chaicho chinokonzerwa nehupenyu, chinokanganisa masisitimu emuviri. Uyezve, kuzvimba kwemuviri kunogonawo kukanganisa mafungiro nesimba, zvichikonzera zviratidzo "zvakafanana nekuora mwoyo" mune mamwe mamiriro ehutano. Izvi zvinoratidza hukama hwemativi maviri pakati pemuviri nepfungwa.
Maitiro Ehutano: Psychology seKiyi Yekudzivirira
Zvinhu zvine chekuita nemaitiro zvinoita basa guru mumatambudziko mazhinji ehutano emazuva ano: kusvuta, kunwa doro zvakanyanya, kudya zvine shuga yakawanda/mafuta akawanda, kusaita maekisesaizi, uye kusarara zvakanaka. Kunyange hazvo biomedicine ichigona kutsanangura mhedzisiro yemuviri—yakadai sekukuvara kwetsinga dzeropa kana kusakwanisa kuita insulin—pfungwa dzinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti sei vanhu vachiramba vachiita tsika dzinokuvadza.
Maitiro anowanzo kanganiswa nehurongwa hwepfungwa hwemubayiro, kudzora manzwiro, kumanikidzwa kwevanhu, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko. Kupindira kwepfungwa kwakadai sekubvunzurudza vanhu kuti vafare, kurapa maitiro, kana zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa kushushikana zvinogona kuvandudza kubudirira kwekudzivirira nekurapa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvirwere zvisingaperi , rutsigiro rwepfungwa rwakakoshawo pakuderedza kuneta nekuvandudza hupenyu hwevarwere.
Psychology yezvekurapa mumabasa ekurapa
Muzvipatara zvemazuva ano, basa renyanzvi dzepfungwa dzekurapa riri kuramba richikosha. Dzinobatsira varwere vari kusangana nekushushikana nekuda kwekuongororwa kwakakomba, kuzvidya mwoyo vasati vavhiyiwa, matambudziko ekurara, kuora mwoyo mushure mekusununguka, kana kukuvara kunokonzerwa netsaona. Semuenzaniso, kune varwere vegomarara, kurapwa kwepfungwa kunogona kubatsira kudzora kutya, kusimbisa kubata nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye kunatsiridza kutevedzera kurapwa. Muvarwere vane chirwere chemwoyo, kudzora kushushikana uye shanduko dzemararamiro zvinopesvedzera fungidziro yenguva refu.
Pamusoro pevarwere, mhuri dzinodawo rutsigiro. Kurwara kwenguva refu kunogona kuchinja mamiriro emhuri, kuwedzera mutoro wevanotarisira, uye kuderedza hupenyu hwemhuri yese. Kupindira kwepfungwa kunogona kubatsira pakutaurirana, kugovera mabasa, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko panguva yematambudziko.
Matambudziko netsika : Kudzivisa Kuderedza Zvinhu
Kunyange hazvo kushanda pamwe chete pakati pemishonga yekurapa nepfungwa kuchikosha, pane matambudziko ekuziva. Chekutanga, pane kuderedzwa kwezvipenyu—tichifunga kuti matambudziko ese epfungwa ingori nyaya ye "kemikari yeuropi," nokudaro tichiregeredza kukuvara, mamiriro emagariro evanhu, uye zvinoreva hupenyu hwemunhu. Kusiyana neizvi, pane kuderedzwa kwezvipenyu mupfungwa—tichifunga kuti zvirwere zvemuviri zvinonyanya "kukonzerwa nekushushikana," nokudaro tichiregeredza kuongororwa kwakakosha kwechiremba.
Nzira yakanakisisa ndeyekubatanidza: kuongorora zvinhu zvemuviri nenzira yakatwasuka uku uchinzwisisa mamiriro emurwere mupfungwa uye munharaunda. Kutarisirwa kwetsika kunodawo kuremekedzwa kwechiremera chemurwere, kubvumidzwa neruzivo, uye kuvanzika kwedata rezvekurapa nerepfungwa . Munguva yeruzivo rwebig data neruzivo rwehutano , kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo kuri kuramba kuchikosha.
Mhedziso
Biomedicine nepfungwa zvine hukama hwepedyo uye hunoenderana. Biomedicine inobatsira kutsanangura mashandiro echirwere uye inopa humbowo hwekuongorora nekurapa. Psychology inobatsira kunzwisisa zvinhu zvepfungwa, maitiro, uye mamiriro emagariro evanhu zvinopesvedzera kutanga kwechirwere, mafambiro ezviratidzo, uye kubudirira kwekurapwa. Kuburikidza nemuenzaniso webiopsychosocial, zviviri izvi zvinosangana mumaonero ekuti vanhu vakabatana mumuviri nepfungwa.
Mune ramangwana, kubatanidzwa kwemishonga yekurapa nepfungwa kuchasimbiswa kuburikidza nekufambira mberi mu neuroscience, psycho-neuro-immunology, uye maitiro ehutano. Nekushandira pamwe kwakanaka, hutano hunogona kuva hwakanaka, hunoshanda, uye hwakatarisana nehupenyu hwakanaka - kwete kungobvisa zviratidzo chete, asiwo kudzoreredza mashandiro, chinangwa muhupenyu, uye kugara zvakanaka kwese.
