Musoro: Basa raPlankton muMarine Food Chain
Nzvimbo dzegungwa dzakaoma uye dzinoshanduka-shanduka, nezviuru zvezvisikwa zvinodyidzana muhurongwa hwehupenyu hunotsigira zvipenyu zvepasi rose uye hupfumi hwevanhu. Pakati pezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru muhurongwa uhwu hwakaoma iplankton, zvisikwa zvidiki zvinofamba zvakasununguka mumakungwa epasi rose. Pasinei nehukuru hwazvo hudiki, plankton inokosha kune cheni yezvekudya zvegungwa, ichishanda sehwaro hunotsigira mhando dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwegungwa. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora basa replankton mucheni yezvekudya zvegungwa, ichiratidza kukosha kwadzo uye ichiratidza hukama hwakaoma hwadzinochengetedza nezvimwe zvipenyu zvegungwa.
Chii chinonzi Plankton?
Plankton inonyanya kuiswa mumapoka maviri: phytoplankton uye zooplankton.
– Phytoplankton: Izvi zvinomera zvidiki-diki, kunyanya algae ine sero rimwe chete senge diatoms nemadinoflagellates. Zvinoita photosynthesis, zvichishandisa chiedza chezuva necarbon dioxide kugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu neokisijeni. Phytoplankton ndiyo inogadzira zvinhu zvikuru mugungwa, ichiumba hwaro hwewebhu yezvekudya zvemugungwa.
– Zooplankton: Idzi mhuka diki, dzinowanzova dzisingaonekwe nemaziso dzinofamba mumvura. Dzinotangira pamhuka diki dzinonzi protozoans kusvika kumhando dzakakura dzakadai sejellyfish larvae nemacopepods. Zooplankton inonyanya kudya phytoplankton uye, zvakare, inodyiwa nezvisikwa zvikuru.
Phytoplankton: Vagadziri Vakuru
Phytoplankton inoita basa guru muchikamu chezvekudya zvemugungwa semugadziri mukuru. Kuburikidza nephotosynthesis, vanoshandura kabhoni isina kugadzirwa (muchimiro chekabhoni dhayokisaidhi) kuita makemikari eorganic, zvichiva hwaro hwewebhu yezvekudya zvemugungwa. Okisijeni inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro aya inokoshawo, ichibatsira zvikuru pakuwanikwa kweokisijeni pasi rose.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopesvedzera kubereka kwe phytoplankton zvinosanganisira kuwanikwa kwechiedza, huwandu hwezvinovaka muviri, uye tembiricha yemvura. Kuwanda kwe phytoplankton kunogona kusiyana zvikuru kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo uye mwaka nemwaka, zvichikonzera shanduko huru mukugadzirwa kwekutanga. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzekumusoro dzine zvinovaka muviri dzinowanzo kuve nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosheswa nekubudirira kwe phytoplankton, zvichitsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvisikwa zvemugungwa.
Zooplankton: Vatengi Vechipiri
Zooplankton ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa chikafu chemugungwa. Dzinodya phytoplankton nedzimwe mhuka diki dzemugungwa. Boka iri rinosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai semacopepods, krill, jellyfish larvae, uye diki dzemacrustacean.
Semuenzaniso, maCopepod anoonekwa seimwe yemapoka emhuka akawanda kwazvo pasi rose uye ndiwo manyuko echikafu akakosha kune marudzi mazhinji egungwa, kusanganisira hove, mawhale, neshiri dzegungwa. Krill, imwe nhengo yakakurumbira yenharaunda ye zooplankton, inodyiwa zvakanyanya ne baleen whales, seal, neshiri dzegungwa, zvichiumba hukama hwakakosha pakati pemazinga etrophic akaderera neakakwira.
Kutenderera kweTrophic: Kubva kuPlankton kusvika kuApex Predators
Hukama huripo pakati pemhuka dzinobhururuka negungwa nemhuka hombe dzemugungwa hwakaoma kunzwisisa. Hove diki, dzakadai semasadhini neanchovies, dzinodya zooplankton. Hove diki idzi dzinobva dzadyiwa nehove hombe, dzakadai setuna kana cod. Kufamba uku kunoenderera mberi nekudya, zvichiguma nezvikara zvakaita seshaki, madolphin, neshiri dzemugungwa.
Kunyangwe dzimwe mhuka huru dzemugungwa, dzakadai semawhale ebaleen, dzinoshandisa zvakananga plankton. Mawhale eBaleen anoshandisa masisitimu awo akasiyana ekusefa kuti adye huwandu hwakawanda hwekrill nemacopepod, zvichiratidza kukosha kwezvisikwa zvidiki izvi kunyangwe kuhombe dzegungwa.
Kunze kweChikafu: Plankton neMutemo weMamiriro ekunze
Kunze kwebasa radzo mukudya, plankton inoita basa guru mukudzora mamiriro ekunze ePasi. Kuburikidza ne photosynthesis, phytoplankton inotora huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni dioxide, gasi guru rinopisa pasi pevhu. Kana phytoplankton yafa, chikamu chekabhoni chavanochengeta chinonyura pasi pegungwa, zvichibvisa kubva mumhepo kwenguva yakareba - maitiro anozivikanwa se biological pombi.
Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe marudzi ephytoplankton anogadzira dimethyl sulfide (DMS), chinhu chinogona kukanganisa kuumbwa kwemakore uye, zvichikonzerawo, mamiriro ekunze ePasi.
Vanhu naPlankton
Vanhu vakabatana zvakanyanya ne plankton kuburikidza neketani yechikafu chemugungwa. Kubata hove, uko kunopa mapuroteni akawanda kumabhiriyoni evanhu pasi rose, kunoenderana zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga nehuwandu hwe plankton hune hutano. Chero kudzikira kwehuwandu hwe plankton kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inopararira muketani yechikafu chemugungwa, zvichizopedzisira zvakanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chevanhu uye kuvimba kwehupfumi nehove.
Uyezve, plankton inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kugadzira biofuel, mishonga, uye zvizoro, zvichiratidza kukosha kwazvo mune zvemari.
Kutyisidzira kuPlankton
Pasinei nebasa rayo guru, huwandu hwemhuka dzinogara mugungwa dzinotarisana nematambudziko akawanda. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze ndeimwe yematambudziko makuru, anokanganisa tembiricha yemvura uye kushanduka kwemafungu egungwa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa huwandu hwemhuka dzinogara mugungwa. Kuwanda kweacid mugungwa, kunokonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kwecarbon dioxide, kune imwe njodzi, kunyanya kuhuwandu hwemhuka dzinogara mugungwa dzakadai secoccolithophores.
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kwakadai sekudururwa kwemafuta nemarara epurasitiki, kunokanganisawo nzvimbo dzemiti yemusango. Uyezve, chiitiko chemaruva anokuvadza emugungwa, anowanzo kurumidziswa nekuyerera kwezvinovaka muviri kubva mukurima nemvura yakasviba, chinogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzisina kusimba uko huwandu hweokisijeni hunoderera, zvichikanganisa kupona kwemiti yemusango nemarudzi ayo.
mhedziso
Mapuranga ndiwo akakosha muchikamu chezvekudya zvemugungwa, zvichitsigira kuponeswa uye hutano hwezvisikwa zvemugungwa. Basa rawo rinobva pakugadzirwa kwekutanga kusvika pakutsigira huwandu hwehove nemhuka dzinodya dzimwe hove. Pamusoro pezvo, mapunga ndiwo akakosha pakudzora mamiriro ekunze uye hupfumi hwevanhu.
Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti zvisikwa zvemugungwa zvinoramba zvichirarama zvakanaka uye mabasa azvinopa, zvakakosha kuziva nekuderedza njodzi dziri kusangana nevanhu vane plankton. Maitiro akasimba, matanho ekuchinja mamiriro ekunze, uye kudzora kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvinodiwa kuchengetedza zvisikwa izvi zvidiki asi zvine simba, kuchengetedza remangwana remakungwa edu nemarudzi azvo akasiyana-siyana.
